阅读说明：本技术 一种垃圾液相悬浮床加氢处理系统及工艺 (Garbage liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system and technology ) 是由 邓宏达 昝大鑫 王鑫 吕云飞 刘哲 于 2020-07-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种垃圾液相悬浮床加氢处理系统,其特征在于：包括碳化单元、加氢处理单元及分离单元。本发明还涉及一种垃圾液相悬浮床加氢处理工艺。本发明结构设计科学合理,能够将垃圾进行高效处理并将其转化为能够有效利用的无害产品,成本低,污染少,能够防止多环烃或氯化烃的释放；同时处理系统能够得到有价值的柴油产物,且柴油纯度高、品质好,适用范围广泛。(The invention relates to a liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system for garbage, which is characterized in that: comprises a carbonization unit, a hydrotreating unit and a separation unit. The invention also relates to a liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreating process for garbage. The garbage treatment device has scientific and reasonable structural design, can efficiently treat garbage and convert the garbage into harmless products which can be effectively utilized, has low cost and less pollution, and can prevent polycyclic hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon from being released; meanwhile, the treatment system can obtain valuable diesel oil products, and the diesel oil has high purity, good quality and wide application range.)

1. A garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system is characterized in that: comprises a carbonization unit, a hydrotreating unit and a separation unit,

The carbonization unit comprises a carbonization rotary drum, a first mixing tank and a second mixing tank, wherein the left end of the carbonization rotary drum is connected with a spiral feeder, the right end of the carbonization rotary drum is respectively connected to the first mixing tank and the second mixing tank, the first mixing tank is connected to the second mixing tank, and an additive feeding hole is formed in the first mixing tank;

the hydrotreating unit comprises a first heating furnace, a new hydrogen machine, a suspended bed reactor, a thermal separation tank, a second heating furnace, a fixed bed reactor and a decompression tower, wherein the second mixing tank and the new hydrogen machine are connected to the first heating furnace, the suspended bed reactor and the thermal separation tank are sequentially connected, the top end of the thermal separation tank is connected to the fixed bed reactor, the bottom end of the thermal separation tank is communicated with the second heating furnace to be connected to the decompression tower, and a wax oil outlet of the decompression tower is connected to the fixed bed reactor;

the separation unit includes warm knockout drum, cold knockout drum, strip tower, third heating furnace and fractionating tower, fixed bed reactor is connected to the warm knockout drum, the top of warm knockout drum is connected to the cold knockout drum, the bottom of warm knockout drum and cold knockout drum all is connected to the strip tower, the bottom of strip tower is connected to through the third heating furnace the fractionating tower.

2. The liquid-phase suspended bed hydroprocessing system for refuse of claim 1, wherein: and the cold separation tank is connected with a hydrogen circulating machine, and the hydrogen circulating machine is respectively connected to the fixed bed reactor, the suspended bed reactor and the first heating furnace.

3. The liquid-phase suspended bed hydroprocessing system for refuse of claim 1, wherein: and a wax oil outlet at the bottom end of the fractionating tower is connected to the fixed bed reactor.

4. The liquid-phase suspended bed hydroprocessing system for refuse of claim 1, wherein: a residue outlet at the bottom end of the vacuum column was connected to the screw feeder.

5. The liquid-phase suspended bed hydroprocessing system for refuse of claim 1, wherein: and a gas outlet at the top end of the cold separation tank is connected with a membrane separator.

6. The liquid-phase suspended bed hydroprocessing system for refuse of claim 1, wherein: and the carbonization gas generated by the carbonization rotary drum is circularly connected to the carbonization rotary drum.

7. The liquid-phase suspended bed hydroprocessing system for refuse of claim 1, wherein: and an alkali liquor filling opening is formed in the cold separation tank.

8. A liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreatment process for garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

1) Carbonizing the garbage: feeding the garbage into a carbonization rotary drum through a spiral feeder for heating and carbonizing, carbonizing for 1-2 hours to obtain coke, carbonized gas and carbonized tar, wherein the carbonized gas can be recycled as fuel gas of the carbonization rotary drum, the coke can be used as a one-way catalyst and added into a suspension bed reactor, and the carbonized tar and the catalyst are fully mixed through a first mixing tank and a second mixing tank;

2) and (3) hydrotreating: preheating the carbonized tar, the catalyst and hydrogen provided by a new hydrogen machine in the step 1) by a first heating furnace, and introducing the preheated carbonized tar, the catalyst and the hydrogen into a suspension bed reactor for reaction, wherein the reaction pressure of the suspension bed reactor is 50-250 bar, the reaction temperature is 250-500 ℃, and the hydrogen-oil ratio of the carbonized tar to the hydrogen is 300-1500 normal liters/kg of oil; separating a product of the suspension bed reactor through a thermal separation tank, wherein the reaction pressure of the thermal separation tank is 50-250 bar, the separation temperature is 20-50 ℃, introducing a top product into the fixed bed reactor for continuous reaction, heating a bottom product through a second heating furnace, then feeding the bottom product into a pressure reduction tower, conveying wax oil recovered from the bottom of the pressure reduction tower to the fixed bed reactor, and returning residues generated by the pressure reduction tower to a screw feeder for cyclic carbonization;

3) Separation treatment: the product of the fixed bed reactor is sequentially subjected to separation treatment through a warm separation tank and a cold separation tank, the treated product is introduced into a stripping tower, the product of the stripping tower is preheated by a third preheater and then introduced into a fractionating tower for fractionation treatment, light diesel oil and naphtha are produced at the top of the fractionating tower, heavy wax oil is produced at the bottom of the fractionating tower, the wax oil is introduced into the fixed bed reactor for cyclic reaction, the gas phase part of the cold separation tank is recycled through a hydrogen recycling machine, and the part of the gas phase part is separated through a membrane separator and then discharged.

9. The liquid-phase suspended bed hydroprocessing process for garbage according to claim 7, characterized in that: the mass of the coke added to the suspension bed reactor as the one-way catalyst in the step 1) is 0.5-5% of the weight of the tar feeding.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, relates to a garbage suspension bed treatment system, and particularly relates to a garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system and a garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment process.

Background

The carbonization of household garbage or industrial garbage is a mature technology at present, such as drum carbonization and the like. Generally, the three products of carbonization are gas, coke and tar, depending on the operating parameters of the drum.

Because of the variety and source of the waste, generally speaking, carbonized products contain a variety of harmful contaminants.

In addition to the pollutant components which are present themselves, i.e. which are already present in the waste before carbonization, special attention must be paid to the pollutants which are produced in the carbonization process. In the course of carbonization, in addition to the main components (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and water), many hydrogen-containing compounds are formed, for example: ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, etc., and NOx and sulfur dioxide, etc. The carbonized gas may be treated and purified by means of addition of e.g. lime, but most harmful impurities remain in the tar.

According to the operating parameters of the carbonization process and the chemical composition of the raw material, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular, harmful substances such as polychlorinated dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran, may be generated. A part of the gas generated in the carbonization process is generally used as a fuel gas. The rest gas which is not used as fuel gas can be fully combusted to become flue gas, and the flue gas is purified and discharged after desulfurization, denitrification and the like.

The operating conditions of the carbonization process will also vary according to the different types and compositions of the waste; the treatment of products containing heavy metals, acid gases and polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons requires a high equipment and cost input. Especially for heterogeneous waste, it is common to see that the carbonized product can only be used as fuel. From an economic point of view, only very specific waste recycling, such as used tires, etc., can be economically profitable. Most of the recoveries are not economical.

Therefore, there is a need for an inexpensive method of disposing of such waste that does not result in the discharge of contaminants such as polycyclic hydrocarbons or chlorides and that can recover valuable products.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system and a garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment process aiming at the defects and defects of the prior art, which can efficiently treat garbage and convert the garbage into harmless products capable of being effectively utilized, have low cost and less pollution, and can prevent polycyclic hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon from being released; meanwhile, the treatment system can obtain valuable diesel oil products, and the diesel oil has high purity, good quality and wide application range.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system is characterized in that: comprises a carbonization unit, a hydrotreating unit and a separation unit,

the carbonization unit comprises a carbonization rotary drum, a first mixing tank and a second mixing tank, wherein the left end of the carbonization rotary drum is connected with a spiral feeder, the right end of the carbonization rotary drum is respectively connected to the first mixing tank and the second mixing tank, the first mixing tank is connected to the second mixing tank, and an additive feeding hole is formed in the first mixing tank;

The hydrotreating unit comprises a first heating furnace, a new hydrogen machine, a suspended bed reactor, a thermal separation tank, a second heating furnace, a fixed bed reactor and a decompression tower, wherein the second mixing tank and the new hydrogen machine are connected to the first heating furnace, the suspended bed reactor and the thermal separation tank are sequentially connected, the top end of the thermal separation tank is connected to the fixed bed reactor, the bottom end of the thermal separation tank is communicated with the second heating furnace to be connected to the decompression tower, and a wax oil outlet of the decompression tower is connected to the fixed bed reactor;

the separation unit includes warm knockout drum, cold knockout drum, strip tower, third heating furnace and fractionating tower, fixed bed reactor is connected to the warm knockout drum, the top of warm knockout drum is connected to the cold knockout drum, the bottom of warm knockout drum and cold knockout drum all is connected to the strip tower, the bottom of strip tower is connected to through the third heating furnace the fractionating tower.

And the cold separation tank is connected with a hydrogen circulating machine, and the hydrogen circulating machine is respectively connected to the fixed bed reactor, the suspended bed reactor and the first heating furnace.

Furthermore, a wax oil outlet at the bottom end of the fractionation column is connected to the fixed bed reactor.

Also, a residue outlet at the bottom end of the decompression tower was connected to the screw feeder.

And a gas outlet at the top end of the cold separation tank is connected with a membrane separator.

Also, a carbonizing gas generated from the carbonizing drum is circularly connected to the carbonizing drum.

Moreover, an alkali liquor filling opening is arranged on the cold separation tank.

A liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreatment process for garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

1) carbonizing the garbage: feeding the garbage into a carbonization rotary drum through a spiral feeder for heating and carbonizing, carbonizing for 1-2 hours to obtain coke, carbonized gas and carbonized tar, wherein the carbonized gas can be recycled as fuel gas of the carbonization rotary drum, the coke can be used as a one-way catalyst and added into a suspension bed reactor, and the carbonized tar and the catalyst are fully mixed through a first mixing tank and a second mixing tank;

2) and (3) hydrotreating: preheating the carbonized tar, the catalyst and hydrogen provided by a new hydrogen machine in the step 1) by a first heating furnace, and introducing the preheated carbonized tar, the catalyst and the hydrogen into a suspension bed reactor for reaction, wherein the reaction pressure of the suspension bed reactor is 50-250 bar, the reaction temperature is 250-500 ℃, and the hydrogen-oil ratio of the carbonized tar to the hydrogen is 300-1500 normal liters/kg of oil; separating a product of the suspension bed reactor through a thermal separation tank, wherein the reaction pressure of the thermal separation tank is 50-250 bar, the separation temperature is 20-50 ℃, introducing a top product into the fixed bed reactor for continuous reaction, heating a bottom product through a second heating furnace, then feeding the bottom product into a pressure reduction tower, conveying wax oil recovered from the bottom of the pressure reduction tower to the fixed bed reactor, and returning residues generated by the pressure reduction tower to a screw feeder for cyclic carbonization;

3) Separation treatment: the product of the fixed bed reactor is sequentially subjected to separation treatment through a warm separation tank and a cold separation tank, the treated product is introduced into a stripping tower, the product of the stripping tower is preheated by a third preheater and then introduced into a fractionating tower for fractionation treatment, light diesel oil and naphtha are produced at the top of the fractionating tower, heavy wax oil is produced at the bottom of the fractionating tower, the wax oil is introduced into the fixed bed reactor for cyclic reaction, the gas phase part of the cold separation tank is recycled through a hydrogen recycling machine, and the part of the gas phase part is separated through a membrane separator and then discharged.

And the mass of the coke added to the suspension bed reactor as the one-way catalyst in the step 1) is 0.5-5% of the weight of the tar feeding.

The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

1. the garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system and the garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment process are convenient to operate, the treatment process is fine, tar generated by garbage carbonization can be subjected to hydrotreatment, the tar is separated into light diesel oil, naphtha and heavy wax oil, the wax oil can be purified and converted through multiple circulating reactions, the treatment cost is low, the pollution is less, and the release of polycyclic hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon can be prevented; meanwhile, the treatment system can obtain valuable diesel oil products, and the diesel oil has high purity, good quality and wide application range.

2. According to the liquid-phase suspension bed garbage hydrotreatment system, the cold separation tank is connected with the hydrogen circulating machine, the hydrogen circulating machine is respectively connected to the fixed bed reactor, the suspension bed reactor and the first heating furnace, the gas phase separated from the top end of the cold separation tank can be recycled, and the utilization rate of hydrogen and the supply of the hydrogen to the fixed bed reactor and the suspension bed reactor are ensured.

3. According to the garbage liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system disclosed by the invention, the wax oil outlet at the bottom end of the fractionating tower is connected to the fixed bed reactor, so that the wax oil at the bottom of the fractionating tower can be recycled, and the yield of diesel oil and the tar separation effect are improved.

4. According to the liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system for the garbage, disclosed by the invention, the residue outlet at the bottom end of the decompression tower is connected to the spiral feeder, and the repeated circulating reaction can improve the refining treatment of the garbage, prevent the discharge of harmful ingredients in the garbage and improve the treatment efficiency.

5. According to the liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system for garbage, the gas outlet at the top end of the cold separation tank is connected with the membrane separator, impurities contained in the gas discharged from the top end of the cold separation tank are filtered, the discharge of polluted gas is prevented, and the cleanness of the environment is ensured.

6. According to the garbage liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system, the carbonized gas generated by the carbonization rotary drum is circularly connected to the carbonization rotary drum and can be used as fuel gas of the carbonization rotary drum, so that the full utilization of heat energy is ensured.

7. The invention has scientific and reasonable design, can efficiently treat the garbage and convert the garbage into harmless products which can be effectively utilized, has low cost and less pollution, and can prevent the release of polycyclic hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon; meanwhile, the treatment system can obtain valuable diesel oil products, and the diesel oil has high purity, good quality and wide application range.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

1-screw feeder, 2-carbonization rotary drum, 3-additive feeding port, 4-first mixing tank, 5-second mixing tank, 6-new hydrogen machine, 7-first heating furnace, 8-suspension bed reactor, 9-heat separation tank, 10-second heating furnace, 11-fixed bed reactor, 12-decompression tower, 13-residue outlet, 14-temperature separation tank, 15-alkali liquor injection port, 16-cold separation tank, 17-hydrogen circulation machine, 18-membrane separator, 19-stripping tower, 20-third heating furnace, 21-fractionating tower and 22-wax oil outlet.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

A liquid phase suspension bed hydrotreatment system of rubbish, its innovation lies in: comprises a carbonization unit, a hydrotreating unit and a separation unit,

The carbonization unit comprises a carbonization rotary drum 2, a first mixing tank 4 and a second mixing tank 5, wherein the left end of the carbonization rotary drum is connected with a screw feeder 1, the right end of the carbonization rotary drum is respectively connected to the first mixing tank and the second mixing tank, the first mixing tank is connected to the second mixing tank, and an additive feeding port 3 is formed in the first mixing tank;

the hydrotreating unit comprises a first heating furnace 7, a new hydrogen machine 6, a suspended bed reactor 8, a thermal separation tank 9, a second heating furnace 10, a fixed bed reactor 11 and a decompression tower 12, wherein the second mixing tank and the new hydrogen machine are connected to the first heating furnace, the suspended bed reactor and the thermal separation tank are sequentially connected, the top end of the thermal separation tank is connected to the fixed bed reactor, the bottom end of the thermal separation tank is communicated with the second heating furnace to be connected to the decompression tower, and a wax oil outlet of the decompression tower is connected to the fixed bed reactor;

the separation unit includes warm knockout drum 14, cold knockout drum 16, strip tower 19, third heating furnace 20 and fractionating tower 21, fixed bed reactor is connected to the warm knockout drum, the top of warm knockout drum is connected to the cold knockout drum, the bottom of warm knockout drum and cold knockout drum all is connected to the strip tower, the bottom of strip tower is connected to through the third heating furnace the fractionating tower.

The cold separation tank is connected with a hydrogen circulating machine 17, the hydrogen circulating machine is respectively connected to the fixed bed reactor, the suspended bed reactor and the first heating furnace, the gas phase separated from the top end of the cold separation tank can be recycled, and the utilization rate of hydrogen and the supply of the hydrogen of the fixed bed reactor and the suspended bed reactor are guaranteed.

The wax oil outlet 22 at the bottom end of the fractionating tower is connected to the fixed bed reactor, so that the wax oil at the bottom of the fractionating tower can be recycled, and the yield of diesel oil and the tar separation effect are improved.

The residue outlet 13 at the bottom end of the decompression tower is connected to the spiral feeder, and the repeated circulating reaction can improve the thinning treatment of the garbage, prevent the discharge of harmful components in the garbage and improve the treatment efficiency.

The gas outlet on the top end of the cold separation tank is connected with a membrane separator 18, impurities contained in the gas discharged from the top end of the cold separation tank are filtered, the emission of polluted gas is prevented, and the cleanness of the environment is guaranteed.

Carbonized gas generated by the carbonization rotary drum is circularly connected to the carbonization rotary drum and can be used as fuel gas of the carbonization rotary drum, so that the full utilization of heat energy is ensured.

An alkali liquor injection opening 15 is formed in the cold separation tank, and can neutralize chloride ions, so that the chloride ions are converted into sodium chloride, and the discharge of harmful substances is reduced.

A liquid-phase suspension bed hydrotreatment process for garbage is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) carbonizing the garbage: feeding garbage into a carbonization rotary drum through a spiral feeder for heating carbonization, carbonizing for 1-2 hours to obtain coke, carbonized gas and carbonized tar, wherein the carbonized gas can be recycled as fuel gas of the carbonization rotary drum, the coke can be used as a one-way catalyst and added into a suspension bed reactor, the coke feeding amount is 0.5-5% of the coke feeding weight, and the carbonized tar and the catalyst are fully mixed through a first mixing tank and a second mixing tank;

2) and (3) hydrotreating: preheating the carbonized tar, the catalyst and hydrogen provided by a new hydrogen machine in the step 1) by a first heating furnace, and introducing the preheated carbonized tar, the catalyst and the hydrogen into a suspension bed reactor for reaction, wherein the reaction pressure of the suspension bed reactor is 50-250 bar, the reaction temperature is 250-500 ℃, and the hydrogen-oil ratio of the carbonized tar to the hydrogen is 300-1500 normal liters/kg of oil; separating a product of the suspension bed reactor through a thermal separation tank, wherein the reaction pressure of the thermal separation tank is 50-250 bar, the separation temperature is 20-50 ℃, introducing a top product into the fixed bed reactor for continuous reaction, heating a bottom product through a second heating furnace, then feeding the bottom product into a pressure reduction tower, conveying wax oil recovered from the bottom of the pressure reduction tower to the fixed bed reactor, and returning residues generated by the pressure reduction tower to a screw feeder for cyclic carbonization;

3) Separation treatment: the product of the fixed bed reactor is sequentially subjected to separation treatment through a warm separation tank and a cold separation tank, the treated product is introduced into a stripping tower, the product of the stripping tower is preheated by a third preheater and then introduced into a fractionating tower for fractionation treatment, light diesel oil and naphtha are produced at the top of the fractionating tower, heavy wax oil is produced at the bottom of the fractionating tower, the wax oil is introduced into the fixed bed reactor for cyclic reaction, the gas phase part of the cold separation tank is recycled through a hydrogen recycling machine, and the part of the gas phase part is separated through a membrane separator and then discharged.