阅读说明：本技术 喷雾式纳米氢气泡/柴油混合燃料制备装置及方法和用途 (Spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device and method and application ) 是由 宋崇林 张伟 吕刚 徐昌健 于 2020-07-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种喷雾式纳米氢气泡/柴油混合燃料制备方法,由氢气瓶经减压和调压后向混合器供应预定恒定压力的氢气；来自油箱的柴油和回流的纳米氢气泡/柴油混合燃料经油泵混合加压后由柴油雾化喷嘴喷入混合器；混合器中氢/柴油溶液雾滴与氢气作用形成更高浓度的氢/柴油溶液雾滴后进入缓冲器,稳定后的氢/柴油溶液经卸压后进入油/气分离器分离,得到的一部分纳米氢气泡/柴油混合燃料回流到混合器再次与柴油和氢气混合,剩下的纳米氢气泡/柴油混合燃料成为最终混合燃料产品。燃用纳米氢气泡/柴油混合燃料时,柴油机只需要一套供油系统,可改善柴油机经济、排放性能；喷雾式制备方法更适合纳米氢气泡/柴油混合燃料的工业化生产。(The invention discloses a preparation method of spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel, hydrogen gas with preset constant pressure is supplied to a mixer from a hydrogen cylinder after pressure reduction and pressure regulation; diesel oil from an oil tank and the returned nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel are mixed and pressurized by an oil pump and then are sprayed into the mixer by a diesel oil atomizing nozzle; and enabling the hydrogen/diesel solution fog drops in the mixer to react with hydrogen to form hydrogen/diesel solution fog drops with higher concentration, then enabling the hydrogen/diesel solution to enter a buffer, releasing pressure of the stabilized hydrogen/diesel solution, then enabling the stabilized hydrogen/diesel solution to enter an oil/gas separator for separation, enabling a part of the obtained nano hydrogen bubble/diesel mixed fuel to flow back to the mixer to be mixed with the diesel and the hydrogen again, and enabling the remaining nano hydrogen bubble/diesel mixed fuel to become a final mixed fuel product. When the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel is combusted, the diesel engine only needs one set of oil supply system, so that the economy and the emission performance of the diesel engine can be improved; the spray preparation method is more suitable for the industrial production of the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel.)

1. A spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device comprises a hydrogen cylinder (1), an oil tank (8), a mixer, a buffer (13), an oil/gas separator (15) and a hydrogen processor (17); the method is characterized in that:

the mixer comprises a cavity, the upper part of the cavity is a cylindrical mixing section (10), the volume of the mixing section (10) is V, the lower part of the cavity is an oil collecting section (11), and the oil collecting section (11) is a conical cylinder communicated with the mixing section (10); a top cover (9) is welded at the top of the mixing section (10), an air inlet (4) and a diesel oil atomizing nozzle (5) are arranged on the top cover (9), an oil outlet (12) is arranged at the bottom of the oil collecting section (11), the oil outlet (12) is positioned at the center of the conical structure, and the oil outlet (12) is connected to an inlet of a buffer (13) through a pipeline;

a hydrogen pressure reducing valve (2) and a secondary pressure regulator (3) are sequentially arranged from an outlet of the hydrogen cylinder (1) to an air inlet (4) of the mixer through a pipeline, the maximum output pressure of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (2) is greater than 5MPa, and the pressure regulating range of the secondary pressure regulator (3) is 0-5 MPa;

an oil outlet of the oil tank (8) is connected with a first inlet of a three-way regulating valve (7) with two inlets and one outlet in a working mode through a pipeline A, an outlet of the three-way regulating valve (7) is connected with an inlet of an oil pump (6) through a pipeline, and an outlet pipeline of the oil pump (6) is connected to a diesel oil atomizing nozzle (5);

an outlet of the buffer (13) is connected to an inlet of the oil/gas separator (15) through a connecting pipeline, a liquid pressure reducing valve (14) is arranged on the connecting pipeline, an air release port (16) and an oil release port (18) are arranged on the oil/gas separator (15), the air release port (16) of the oil/gas separator (15) is connected to the hydrogen processor (17), and the hydrogen processing efficiency of the hydrogen processor (17) is 100%; an oil discharge port (18) of the oil/gas separator (15) is connected with an inlet of a three-way joint (19) with one inlet and two outlets in a working mode through a pipeline, a first outlet of the three-way joint (19) is connected with a second inlet of the three-way regulating valve (7) through a pipeline B, and a second outlet of the three-way joint (19) is connected to an oil storage tank (20) through a pipeline.

2. The spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oil collecting section (11) is a conical cylinder with a cone angle of 30-75 degrees, the inner diameter of the small end of the conical cylinder is the same as that of the oil outlet (12), and the inner diameter of the large end of the conical cylinder is the same as that of the mixing section (10).

3. The spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the ratio of the height to the inner diameter of the mixing section (10) is 3: 1-8: 1, and the height of the mixing section (10) is not less than 300 mm.

4. The spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: volume V of the buffer (13)₁The sum of the volumes of hydrogen/diesel oil solution entering the cavity of the mixer from the diesel oil atomizing nozzle (5) per minute is (3-5) × s, and the volume V of the oil/gas separator (15)₂＝(2～5)×V₁。

5. A preparation method of spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel is characterized in that: the spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device according to claims 1-4 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:

supplying hydrogen from the hydrogen cylinder (1) through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (2), the secondary pressure regulator (3) and the air inlet (4) of the mixer in sequence at a preset constant pressure within the range of 0.5-5 MPa;

adjusting the opening degree of the three-way regulating valve (7) to enable the flow rates of the diesel oil entering the first inlet of the three-way regulating valve (7) through the pipeline A and the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel entering the second inlet of the three-way regulating valve (7) through the pipeline B to be in a preset constant proportion within the range of 1: 1-1: 4; the oil pump (6) fully mixes the diesel oil from the outlet of the three-way regulating valve (7) and the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel, and pressurizes the mixture to a preset constant pressure within the range of 10-30 MPa, and at the moment, the fully mixed and pressurized mixture of the diesel oil and the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel is converted into a hydrogen/diesel oil solution; the oil pump (6) continuously supplies the hydrogen/diesel solution to the diesel atomizing nozzle (5), the diesel atomizing nozzle (5) continuously sprays the foggy hydrogen/diesel solution into the cavity of the mixer, and the spraying speed of the diesel atomizing nozzle (5) is (0.01-0.1) x V, and the unit is L/min;

step three, the hydrogen/diesel solution atomized by the diesel atomizing nozzle (5) enters the mixing section (10) and contacts and mixes with the hydrogen entering the mixing section (10) through the air inlet (4) to form hydrogen/diesel solution fog drops with higher concentration than the atomized hydrogen/diesel solution; the hydrogen/diesel oil solution fog drops are settled on the inner surface of the oil collecting section (11), a plurality of hydrogen/diesel oil solution fog drops are aggregated into large liquid drops, and then the large liquid drops flow to the oil outlet (12) along the conical inner surface of the oil collecting section (11) under the pushing of high-pressure hydrogen, and flow to the buffer (13) through the oil outlet (12) for stabilization and homogenization;

and step four, the hydrogen/diesel oil solution which is stable and homogenized in the buffer (13) enters the oil/gas separator (15) after being subjected to pressure relief by the liquid pressure reducing valve (14) for separation, the separated hydrogen is discharged into the hydrogen processor (17) for harmless treatment, the separated nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel is divided into two paths, one path of hydrogen flows back to the three-way regulating valve (7) through the first outlet of the three-way joint (19) through the pipeline B, and the other path of hydrogen flows back to the oil storage tank (20) through the second outlet of the three-way joint (19).

6. The application of the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel is characterized in that: the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel prepared by the preparation method of claim 5 is used as diesel fuel.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the preparation technology of alternative fuels of internal combustion engines, and particularly relates to a continuous preparation method of a nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel capable of being used as a diesel engine fuel.

Background

With the development of economy and improvement of living standard of people in China, a diesel engine which is one of the most important transportation power sources is applied in China unprecedentedly, and the influence on the environment and the energy safety is increasingly prominent. Due to poor atomization and diffusion quality, the problems that the diffusion combustion proportion is too large due to uneven mixed gas in the in-cylinder combustion process of pure diesel oil, the emission of particulate matters and nitrogen oxides of the diesel engine is high, the overall thermal efficiency of the diesel engine is reduced and the like are caused. Although experts in the relevant field have conducted a great deal of research on improving the combustion characteristics of pure diesel in diesel engines, the current improvement effect is still limited, and the research results on the exhaust after-treatment technology of diesel engines show that the after-treatment technology can indeed significantly reduce the pollutant emission of diesel engines, but the cost of advanced after-treatment systems is extremely high, and the application of the after-treatment technology also has an adverse effect on the in-cylinder combustion of diesel engines. Therefore, experts have also proposed improving and optimizing the combustion and emission performance of diesel engines by fuel upgrading and modification.

Hydrogen (H)₂) The diesel engine is high-efficiency and clean energy, and the heat efficiency of the diesel engine can be improved and the pollutant emission can be reduced by combusting pure hydrogen or combusting hydrogen and diesel oil simultaneously in a mixing combustion mode. The existing hydrogen and diesel oil mixing combustion mode comprises two working modes of hydrogen/diesel oil double injection system in-cylinder injection, hydrogen gas inlet channel injection/diesel oil in-cylinder injection and the like. However, the two mixed combustion modes require 2 sets of independent fuel injection systems, which not only results in high hardware cost and difficult arrangement of the fuel injection systems, but also ensures that the hydrogen and the diesel which are respectively injected can achieve the best matching effect, and the air intake optimization and the combustion organization of the dual-injection system internal combustion engine, even the matching calibration, are much more complicated than those of the single-injection system internal combustion engine.

On the other hand, methanol/ethanol can be dissolved in diesel oil to form a uniform solution when the mixing amount is not large. When the diesel engine burns the alcohol/diesel solution, only a single oil supply system is needed, and the diesel engine can reliably burn without changing the hardware of the oil supply system (needing to adjust the oil supply strategy). By taking the working mode of alcohol/diesel oil mixed fuel as reference, the inventor proposes a new hydrogen-blended combustion mode for diesel fuel, wherein hydrogen is uniformly dispersed in diesel oil to form a uniform mixture. However, at normal temperature and pressure, the solubility of hydrogen in diesel oil is low, and it is not practical to realize efficient and clean combustion of diesel engines by burning hydrogen/diesel oil solution. Therefore, an innovative new hydrogen/diesel oil mixing way must be developed to prepare the hydrogen/diesel oil mixed fuel with practical application value.

At present, a novel gas/liquid mixture preparation method is provided in the fields of oil exploitation, medical imaging and the like, and the method mainly aims at a mixture formed by water and gas components which are difficult to dissolve in water. The preparation process comprises the following steps: firstly, adding a proper amount of surfactant into water; then introducing gas, and dispersing the gas into tiny bubbles in a stirring mode and the like; because the surfactant has hydrophilic/lipophilic amphiphilic characteristics, the surfactant can be attached to a water/gas interface to form a protective film, thereby stabilizing a bubble structure and realizing the preparation of a gas/water heterogeneous uniform mixture. The more suitable the type and concentration of the surfactant is for the water and gas dispersion phase to be treated, the smaller the diameter of the formed stable bubbles is, and the longer the stable existence time of the bubbles is. However, hydrogen and diesel oil both have hydrophobicity, the principle of hydrophilic/hydrophobic action of the surfactant is not suitable for the microbubble mixing process of the hydrogen and the diesel oil, and most of the surfactants are not beneficial to in-cylinder combustion of the diesel engine, so that a brand-new preparation method of the hydrogen/diesel oil microbubble mixed fuel needs to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a continuous preparation method of a nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel based on the principle that dissolved hydrogen is supersaturated to generate nano-diameter bubbles and a spray mixing technology, and the prepared nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel can be directly used as diesel engine fuel.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device, which comprises a hydrogen cylinder, an oil tank, a mixer, a buffer, an oil/gas separator and a hydrogen processor, wherein the hydrogen cylinder is connected with the oil tank; the mixer comprises a cavity, the upper part of the cavity is a cylindrical mixing section, the volume of the mixing section is V, the lower part of the cavity is an oil collecting section, and the oil collecting section is a conical cylinder communicated with the mixing section; the top of the mixing section is welded with a top cover, the top cover is provided with an air inlet and a diesel oil atomizing nozzle, the bottom of the oil collecting section is provided with an oil outlet, the oil outlet is positioned at the center of the conical structure, and the oil outlet is connected to the inlet of the buffer through a pipeline; a hydrogen pressure reducing valve and a secondary pressure regulator are sequentially arranged from the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder to the air inlet of the mixer through a pipeline, the maximum output pressure of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve is greater than 5MPa, and the pressure regulating range of the secondary pressure regulator is 0-5 MPa; an oil outlet of the oil tank is connected with a first inlet of a three-way regulating valve with two inlets and one outlet in a working mode through a pipeline A, an outlet of the three-way regulating valve is connected with an inlet of an oil pump through a pipeline, and an outlet pipeline of the oil pump is connected to a diesel oil atomizing nozzle; the outlet of the buffer is connected to the inlet of the oil/gas separator through a connecting pipeline, a liquid pressure reducing valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline, the oil/gas separator is provided with a gas release port and a gas release port, the gas release port of the oil/gas separator is connected to the hydrogen processor, and the hydrogen processing efficiency of the hydrogen processor is 100%; the oil outlet of the oil/gas separator is connected with an inlet of a three-way joint with one inlet and two outlets in a working mode through a pipeline, a first outlet of the three-way joint is connected with a second inlet of the three-way regulating valve through a pipeline B, and a second outlet of the three-way joint is connected to an oil storage tank through a pipeline.

Further, in the spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device, the oil collection section is a conical cylinder with a cone angle of 30-75 degrees, the inner diameter of the small end of the conical cylinder is the same as the inner diameter of the oil outlet, and the inner diameter of the large end of the conical cylinder is the same as the inner diameter of the mixing section.

The ratio of the height to the inner diameter of the mixing section is 3: 1-8: 1, and the height of the mixing section is not less than 300 mm.

Volume V of the buffer₁The sum of the volumes of hydrogen/diesel oil solution entering the cavity of the mixer from a diesel oil atomizing nozzle in every minute is (3-5) × s, and the volume V of the oil/gas separator₂＝(2～5)×V₁。

The invention also provides a method for preparing the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel by adopting the preparation device, which comprises the following steps:

supplying hydrogen from the hydrogen cylinder through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve, the secondary pressure regulator and the air inlet of the mixer in sequence at a preset constant pressure within the range of 0.5-5 MPa;

adjusting the opening of the three-way regulating valve to enable the flow rates of the diesel oil entering the first inlet of the three-way regulating valve through the pipeline A and the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel entering the second inlet of the three-way regulating valve through the pipeline B to be in a preset constant proportion within the range of 1: 1-1: 4; the oil pump fully mixes the diesel oil from the outlet of the three-way regulating valve and the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel, and pressurizes the mixture to a preset constant pressure within the range of 10-30 MPa, and at the moment, the fully mixed and pressurized mixture of the diesel oil and the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel is converted into a hydrogen/diesel oil solution; the oil pump continuously supplies the hydrogen/diesel solution to the diesel atomizing nozzle, the diesel atomizing nozzle continuously sprays the vaporous hydrogen/diesel solution into the cavity of the mixer, and the spraying speed of the diesel atomizing nozzle is (0.01-0.1) multiplied by V L/min;

step three, the hydrogen/diesel solution atomized by the diesel atomizing nozzle enters the mixing section, and is contacted and mixed with the hydrogen entering the mixing section through the air inlet, so that hydrogen/diesel solution fog drops with higher concentration than the atomized hydrogen/diesel solution are formed; the hydrogen/diesel oil solution fog drops are settled on the inner surface of the oil collecting section, a plurality of hydrogen/diesel oil solution fog drops are aggregated into large liquid drops, and then the large liquid drops flow to the oil outlet along the conical inner surface of the oil collecting section under the pushing of high-pressure hydrogen, and flow to the buffer through the oil outlet for stabilization and homogenization;

and step four, releasing the hydrogen/diesel oil solution which is stabilized and homogenized in the buffer through the liquid pressure reducing valve, then introducing the hydrogen/diesel oil solution into the oil/gas separator for separation, discharging the separated hydrogen into a hydrogen processor for harmless treatment, dividing the separated nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel into two paths, wherein one path of the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel flows back to the three-way regulating valve through a first outlet of the three-way joint through a pipeline B, and the other path of the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel is discharged into an oil storage tank through a second outlet of the three-way joint.

The nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel prepared by the method is used as diesel engine fuel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

when the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel is applied, the diesel engine only needs one set of oil supply system, and the hardware of the oil supply system is not required to be changed; the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel for the combustion of the diesel engine can greatly improve the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine, improve the fuel economy and reduce the pollutant emission of the diesel engine; the renewable energy hydrogen is adopted to partially replace fossil fuel diesel, which is beneficial to alleviating the increasingly severe petroleum supply situation of China and ensuring the energy safety of China. In addition, the hydrogen bubbles with nanometer-level diameters can be generated by adopting a supersaturated solution phase separation bubble generation method, so that the combustion performance of the mixed fuel on a diesel engine is improved, and the hydrogen bubbles can stably exist for a long time; the hydrogen/diesel oil mixing and dissolving method based on spray mixing can strengthen turbulent mixing of gas/liquid phases and is beneficial to fully dissolving hydrogen in diesel oil; the backflow of the large-proportion nano hydrogen bubble/diesel mixed fuel can reduce the concentration gradient of the hydrogen/diesel solution at the inlet of the mixer and the concentration gradient of the hydrogen/diesel solution at the outlet of the mixer, and is beneficial to preparing high-concentration hydrogen/diesel solution; the continuous preparation method of the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel mixed fuel can improve the preparation efficiency of the mixed fuel and is more suitable for the industrial production of the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel mixed fuel.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device.

Fig. 2 shows the distribution rule of the diameters of the nano hydrogen bubbles in the nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel prepared in example 1 of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-hydrogen cylinder 2-hydrogen pressure reducing valve 3-two-stage pressure regulator 4-air inlet

5-diesel oil atomizing nozzle 6-oil pump 7-three-way regulating valve 8-oil tank

9-mixer top cover 10-mixing section 11-oil collecting section 12-oil outlet

13-buffer 14-liquid pressure reducing valve 15-oil/gas separator 16-relief vent

17-hydrogen processor 18-oil discharge port 19-three-way joint 20-oil storage tank

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the spray type nano hydrogen bubble/diesel oil mixed fuel preparation device provided by the invention comprises a hydrogen cylinder 1, an oil tank 8, a mixer, a buffer 13, an oil/gas separator 15 and a hydrogen processor 17.

The mixer comprises a cavity, the upper part of the cavity is a cylindrical mixing section 10, the ratio of the height to the inner diameter of the mixing section 10 is 3: 1-8: 1, and the height of the mixing section 10 is not less than 300 mm; the mixing section 10 has a volume V. The lower part of the cavity is provided with an oil collecting section 11, the oil collecting section 11 is a conical cylinder which is communicated with the mixing section 10 and has a taper angle of 30-75 degrees, the inner diameter of the small end of the conical cylinder is the same as that of the oil outlet 12, and the inner diameter of the large end of the conical cylinder is the same as that of the mixing section 10. The top welding of mixing section 10 has top cap 9, be equipped with air inlet 4 and diesel oil atomizing nozzle 5 on top cap 9, the bottom of collection oil section 11 is equipped with oil-out 12, oil-out 12 is located the central point of circular cone structure, oil-out 12 is connected to the import of buffer 13 through the pipeline.

From the export of hydrogen cylinder 1 extremely the air inlet 4 of blender is equipped with hydrogen relief pressure valve 2 and second grade pressure regulator 3 through the pipeline in proper order, the maximum delivery pressure of hydrogen relief pressure valve 2 is greater than 5MPa, the pressure control scope of second grade pressure regulator 3 is 0 ~ 5MPa, the export of second grade pressure regulator 3 passes through the hydrogen after the pressure regulating through the pipeline the cavity of air inlet 4 input to the blender of blender.

The oil outlet of the oil tank 8 is connected with a first inlet of a three-way regulating valve 7 with two inlets and one outlet in a working mode through a pipeline A, the outlet of the three-way regulating valve 7 is connected with the inlet of an oil pump 6 through a pipeline, and the outlet pipeline of the oil pump 6 is connected to a diesel atomizing nozzle 5 positioned on a mixer top cover 9.

A liquid pressure reducing valve 14 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the outlet of the buffer 13 and the inlet of the oil/gas separator 15, the oil/gas separator 15 is provided with an air release port 16 and an oil release port 18, the air release port 16 of the oil/gas separator 15 is connected to the hydrogen processor 17, and the hydrogen processing efficiency of the hydrogen processor 17 is 100%; the oil outlet 18 of the oil/gas separator 15 is connected with an inlet of a three-way joint 19 with one inlet and two outlets in a working mode through a pipeline, a first outlet of the three-way joint 19 is connected with a second inlet of the three-way regulating valve 7 through a pipeline B, and a second outlet of the three-way joint 19 is connected to an oil storage tank 20 through a pipeline.

In the present invention, the outlet of the buffer 13 is connected to the inlet of the oil/gas separator 15 through a connection pipe, and the volume V of the buffer 13₁The sum of the volumes of hydrogen/diesel oil solution entering the cavity of the mixer from the diesel oil atomizing nozzle 5 is (3-5) × s, the volume of the oil/gas separator 15 is 2-5 times of the volume of the buffer 13, namely V₂＝(2～5)×V₁。

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the present embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.