阅读说明：本技术 利用黑曜岩制备的保温材料及其制备方法 (Heat insulation material prepared from obsidian and preparation method thereof ) 是由 廖立兵 黄丹蓝 刘昊 梅乐夫 吕国诚 高欢 梁立明 王泽杰 朱国典 于 2019-08-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种利用黑曜岩制备的保温材料及其制备方法。该方法以黑曜岩粉末作为主要原料,以水玻璃作为粘结剂,以双氧水作为发泡剂,以表面活性剂为添加剂,通过将黑曜岩粉末以及水玻璃、添加剂等混合均匀后加入适量双氧水静置发泡以及干燥处理后获得多孔保温板材料。该方法所制得的保温材料具有较低的导热系数、较低的密度和较高的抗压强度,并且具有优异的防火性能和耐水性,可用于制备外墙保温板。同时,本发明的制备工艺简单,节能环保。(The invention provides a heat-insulating material prepared from obsidian and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing obsidian powder, water glass and the like, adding a proper amount of hydrogen peroxide, standing, foaming and drying to obtain the porous insulation board material, wherein the obsidian powder is used as a main raw material, the water glass is used as a binder, the hydrogen peroxide is used as a foaming agent, and the surfactant is used as an additive. The thermal insulation material prepared by the method has the advantages of low heat conductivity coefficient, low density, high compressive strength, excellent fireproof performance and water resistance, and can be used for preparing an external wall thermal insulation board. Meanwhile, the preparation process is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly.)

1. The obsidian thermal insulation material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

2. the obsidian insulation material of claim 1, wherein the binder is an inorganic binder, preferably water glass.

3. The obsidian insulation material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide.

4. The obsidian insulation material of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, and nonionic surfactant, preferably anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant, more preferably cationic surfactant.

5. A method for preparing an obsidian insulation material, preferably for preparing the obsidian insulation material of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

step 1, mixing a surfactant and a binder to obtain a mixture I;

step 2, adding obsidian powder into the mixture I, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture II;

step 3, adding a foaming agent into the mixture II, stirring, and standing for foaming;

and 4, drying and cooling.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of 5, calcining, and cooling.

7. Use of obsidian insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 4 or prepared according to one of claims 5 to 6 for the preparation of exterior wall insulation board.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a heat-insulating material, in particular to a heat-insulating material prepared by a obsidian low-temperature foaming method and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Obsidian is a dense massive or scoria-like acidic vitreous volcanic rock with a silica content of about 70% and a water content of generally less than 2%. The obsidian reserves in China are abundant, most of the obsidian reserves are distributed in volcanic areas in China, the shahaizhen city of Jianping county in Liaoning province, and the coarse grain of the obsidian only reaches the shop, the south hollow and the four-section beam 3 and has more than 500 million tons, so that the rational development and utilization of the obsidian have important significance.

Obsidian has glass luster, usually black, but also can see brown, gray and a small amount of red, blue and green colors, and is often used as a raw material for making ornaments, but the ornament making has high requirements on the quality of the obsidian, and a lot of waste materials can be generated in the processing process, which not only wastes effective components in mineral resources, but also causes environmental pollution.

Obsidian, pitchstone and perlite are collectively called acid volcanic glass rock, and the obsidian has the advantages of small volume weight, good expansibility, high refractoriness, strong chemical stability, low heat conductivity, small hygroscopicity, sound absorption, frost resistance, acid resistance and insulation, and is expected to be used for manufacturing heat-insulating materials. Use obsidian to prepare insulation material as the raw materials, not only can promote the industrial value of obsidian, can also improve the consumption of obsidian tailing.

With the promotion and development of building energy conservation, the heat insulation material is more and more paid more attention by people as an important component of an energy-saving building material. The inorganic heat-insulating material has the characteristics of energy conservation, waste utilization, heat insulation, excellent performances of fire prevention, freezing prevention and aging resistance, low price and the like, and has wide market demand.

Many studies have been reported on the preparation of thermal insulation materials from perlite and pitchstone as raw materials. For example, chinese patent CN103626434A reports a pressure-resistant thermal insulation material containing pitchstone. The material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36-40 parts of 200-300-mesh pitchstone powder, 22-25 parts of simethicone, 9-18 parts of phenolic resin, 17-22 parts of potassium tripolyphosphate, 5-7 parts of magnesium bicarbonate and 29-33 parts of water.

The expanded perlite heat insulation product prepared in the performance analysis of the expanded perlite heat insulation product by smelling red and the like has the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.065W/(m.K) and the density of 0.22g/cm³(ii) a The thermal conductivity coefficient of the prepared expanded perlite thermal insulation material prepared in the preparation and performance of the expanded perlite thermal insulation material such as the butyl group is 0.06W/(m.K), and the density is 0.18g/cm³。

However, obsidian, perlite and pitchstone are the same species of acid volcanic eruption rock, but have a difference in composition, and have a lower water content than perlite and pitchstone. Obsidian has a lower volume expansion factor than expanded perlite after high temperature heating due to its lower water content, so the performance index of expanded obsidian is inferior to expanded perlite, and the treatment of obsidian with expanded perlite and other methods for preparing insulation materials cannot yield insulation materials with low density and low thermal conductivity.

Therefore, there is a need to search for a thermal insulation material prepared from obsidian as a raw material and having excellent thermal insulation properties, and a preparation method thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and, as a result, have found that: the heat-insulating material is prepared by taking obsidian powder as a silicon source, water glass as a binder, hydrogen peroxide as a foaming agent and additives such as CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) and the like as a surfactant; uniformly mixing obsidian powder, water glass, an additive and the like, adding a proper amount of hydrogen peroxide, standing for foaming, putting the mixture into a drying oven for drying after complete foaming, and obtaining a porous heat insulation plate material after about 24-36 hours, wherein the prepared heat insulation material has a lower heat conductivity coefficient, a lower density, a higher compressive strength, an excellent fireproof performance and a water resistance, and can be used for preparing an external wall heat insulation plate; the preparation process is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly, thereby completing the invention.

The object of the present invention is to provide the following:

in a first aspect, the invention provides an obsidian thermal insulation material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

in a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an obsidian insulation material, comprising the steps of:

step 1, mixing a surfactant and a binder to obtain a mixture I;

step 2, adding obsidian powder into the mixture I, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture II;

step 3, adding a foaming agent into the mixture II, stirring, and standing for foaming;

and 4, drying and cooling.

In a third aspect, the use of the obsidian insulation material of the first aspect or the obsidian insulation material prepared according to the method of the second aspect, for the preparation of an exterior wall insulation panel.

Drawings

Figure 1 shows the effect of hydrogen peroxide dosage on obsidian insulation material performance;

figure 2 shows the effect of solid-liquid ratio on obsidian insulation performance;

figure 3 shows the effect of CTAB dosage on obsidian insulation performance;

FIG. 4 shows an SEM photograph of the thermal insulating material obtained in example 5;

FIG. 5 shows an SEM photograph of the thermal insulation obtained in example 5;

FIG. 6 shows an SEM photograph of the thermal insulating material obtained in example 19;

FIG. 7 shows an SEM photograph of the heat retaining material obtained in example 19.

Detailed Description

The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.

The present invention is described in detail below.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an obsidian thermal insulation material comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

in a further preferred embodiment, the obsidian thermal insulation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

in a further preferred embodiment, the obsidian thermal insulation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

in the invention, the binder is an inorganic binder, preferably water glass, silica gel, phosphate, titanate and silicon copper glass cement, and more preferably water glass.

The inventor finds that the mass ratio (referred to as solid-liquid ratio) of obsidian powder to inorganic binder water glass has a great influence on the properties of the prepared insulation board material, the excessively low solid-liquid ratio can cause the slurry to be too thin and the produced bubbles to be difficult to retain, and the excessively high solid-liquid ratio can cause the slurry to be too thick and difficult to cast into a mold.

In the invention, the foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent, preferably sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrite and hydrogen peroxide, and more preferably hydrogen peroxide.

Obsidian has a relatively low volume expansion factor after heating due to its relatively low water content, even when heated at high temperatures of 900-. In the present invention, the purpose of adding the inorganic foaming agent after mixing the obsidian powder with the binder is to produce a large amount of small-sized pores in the slurry using the external foaming agent under room temperature conditions in order to obtain a low-density and low-thermal conductivity insulation material.

The inventor finds that the thermal conductivity and density of the obtained insulation board material are reduced along with the increase of the addition amount of hydrogen peroxide. However, when the content of hydrogen peroxide is too high, the foaming speed is too high, large holes and communicating holes exist in the insulation board, and the density can be increased again. When the content of hydrogen peroxide is high, the porosity in the insulation board is high, and the compressive strength is reduced accordingly.

In the present invention, the surfactant is selected from one or more of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, preferably an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant, and more preferably a cationic surfactant.

In the present invention, the anionic surfactant is a sulfonate surfactant, preferably sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, or sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, and more preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate.

In the invention, the nonionic surfactant is one or more of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, sucrose ester and ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol, and preferably higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene or sucrose ester.

In the present invention, the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, preferably one or more of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (STAB), and more preferably hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

The inventor finds that CTAB has good coordination with anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants and has excellent properties of penetration, softening, emulsification and the like. And a small amount of CTAB is added into the slurry, so that the foaming condition of the slurry can be effectively improved. The pores generated in the slurry are more uniform, the pore diameter is reduced, and the shape is more stable.

The heat-insulating material provided by the invention has the advantages of low density, good heat-insulating property, high compressive strength and good fireproof property, for example, the density is as low as 0.15g/cm³The thermal conductivity coefficient is as low as 0.049W/(m.K), and the compressive strength is higher than 0.35 MPa.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing an obsidian insulation material, comprising the steps of:

step 1, mixing a surfactant and a binder to obtain a mixture I;

step 2, adding obsidian powder into the mixture I, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture II;

step 3, adding a foaming agent into the mixture II, stirring, and standing for foaming;

and 4, drying and cooling.

In the step 1, the method comprises the following steps of,

the surfactant is selected from one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and nonionic surfactant, preferably anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant, and more preferably cationic surfactant.

In the present invention, the anionic surfactant is a sulfonate surfactant, preferably sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, or sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, and more preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate.

In the invention, the nonionic surfactant is one or more of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, sucrose ester and ethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene glycol, and preferably higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene or sucrose ester.

In the present invention, the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, preferably one or more of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (STAB), and more preferably hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

The binder is an inorganic binder, preferably water glass, silica gel, phosphate, titanate and silicon copper glass cement, and more preferably water glass.

In the step 2, the mass ratio of obsidian powder to inorganic binder water glass (referred to as solid-to-liquid ratio for short) has a great influence on the performance of the insulation board material, as shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 influence of solid-liquid ratio on the properties of insulation board materials

As can be seen from Table 1, too low a solid-to-liquid ratio can result in too thin a slurry and difficulty in retaining bubbles produced, and too high a solid-to-liquid ratio can result in too thick a slurry and difficulty in casting into a mold. In the experiment, the solid-liquid ratio is set to be 0.8-1.2, so that the heat conductivity coefficient and the density tend to increase along with the increase of the solid-liquid ratio, and the compressive strength is improved correspondingly.

In the step 3, the foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent, preferably sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrite and hydrogen peroxide, and more preferably hydrogen peroxide.

The standing foaming time is 18-40 h, preferably 24-36 h, and more preferably 24 h.

In the invention, the hydrogen peroxide content has a great influence on the performance of the insulation board material, as shown in table 2:

table 2 influence of hydrogen peroxide content (wt%) on the properties of insulation board materials

As can be seen from Table 2, the thermal conductivity and density of the obtained insulation board material are reduced along with the increase of the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide. However, when the content of hydrogen peroxide is too high, the foaming speed is too high, large holes and communicating holes exist in the insulation board, and the density can be increased again. When the content of hydrogen peroxide is high, the porosity in the insulation board is high, and the compressive strength is reduced accordingly.

In the step 4, the drying temperature is 20-100 ℃, preferably 40-60 ℃, and more preferably 50 ℃; the drying time is 15-30h, preferably 20-26h, and more preferably 24 h.

Naturally cooling to room temperature after drying to obtain the heat-insulating material, wherein the heat conductivity coefficient is lower than 0.055W/(m.K), and the density is as low as 0.15g/cm³The compressive strength is higher than 0.35MPa, and the building thermal insulation material is a building thermal insulation material with good performance and can be used for manufacturing external wall thermal insulation boards.

In the invention, the preparation method also comprises the steps of 5, calcining and cooling.

In the invention, the heat-insulating material obtained in the step 4 is calcined at the temperature of 200-400 ℃, preferably 250-350 ℃ and more preferably 300 ℃; the calcination time is 10-60min, preferably 20-40min, and more preferably 30 min.

The inventor finds that the thermal conductivity of the material can be effectively reduced by calcining the thermal insulation material obtained in the step 4 through a large number of experiments. The reason is that in the heating process, the hydrogen peroxide remained in the material framework is foamed for the second time, so that a large number of secondary micropores are generated in the nonporous framework, the porosity of the material is increased, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is reduced.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of the thermal insulation material obtained after calcination is lower than 0.08W/(mK), preferably lower than 0.058W/(mK), more preferably lower than 0.052W/(mK), and the thermal insulation material can be used for manufacturing thermal insulation layers of boilers.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of the obsidian insulation material of the first aspect or the obsidian insulation material prepared according to the method of the second aspect described above for the preparation of an exterior wall insulation board.

According to the insulation material prepared from obsidian and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:

(1) the obsidian thermal insulation material provided by the invention has the advantages of low density, good thermal insulation performance, high compressive strength, and good fireproof performance and water resistance;

(2) the obsidian thermal insulation material provided by the invention can be used for preparing an external wall thermal insulation board; (3) the preparation process provided by the invention is simple, energy-saving and environment-friendly.