Application of pomfret oil or its fraction in preparing human milk substitute lipid
阅读说明：本技术 一种鲳鱼油或其分提物在制备人乳替代脂中的应用 (Application of pomfret oil or its fraction in preparing human milk substitute lipid ) 是由 王小三 程昕祎 杨壮壮 江聪 黄健花 金青哲 王兴国 于 2020-06-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种鲳鱼油或其分提物在制备人乳替代脂中的应用,属于食品技术领域。天然油脂中很少含有UPU型甘油三酯,少数天然油脂富含OPO,但OPL的含量很低。金鲳鱼油中甘油三酯含量最高的是OPL,其次是OPO,与中国母乳脂的甘油三酯组成相似。从鲳鱼油中选择金鲳鱼油、淡水白鲳或其分提物为基料油,再添加其他天然油脂或改性油脂复配得到人乳替代脂。这种人乳替代脂与母乳脂相似度高,解决了婴幼儿配方奶粉脂肪酸和钙低吸收率的问题,提高能量的吸收与利用,改善了粪便的硬度,减少婴幼儿便秘和肠道疾病的发生。(The invention discloses application of pomfret oil or a fractionation product thereof in preparation of human milk substitute fat, and belongs to the technical field of food. The natural oil and fat rarely contain UPU type triglyceride, and a few natural oil and fat are rich in OPO, but the content of OPL is very low. The highest content of triglycerides in golden pomfret oil is OPL, and the second is OPO, which is similar to the triglyceride composition of Chinese mother butterfat. Selecting golden pomfret oil, freshwater white pomfret or its fractionated matters from pomfret oil as base material oil, and adding other natural oil or modified oil to obtain human milk substitute fat. The human milk substitute fat has high similarity with the human milk fat, solves the problem of low absorption rate of fatty acid and calcium of infant formula milk powder, improves the absorption and utilization of energy, improves the hardness of excrement, and reduces the occurrence of constipation and intestinal diseases of infants.)
1. Application of pomfret oil or its fraction in preparing human milk substitute fat or milk product is provided.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the pomfret oil comprises one or both of golden pomfret oil and freshwater white pomfret oil.
3. The use of claim 2, wherein the golden pompano fish oil comprises trachinotus ovatus oil or trachinotus blosskii oil.
4. The use of claim 1, wherein the pomfret oil is obtained by fractionation of pomfret oil by dry fractionation or solvent fractionation.
5. The human milk fat-replacing composition is characterized by being prepared by taking pomfret oil or a fractionated substance thereof as base oil and adding other natural grease and/or modified grease.
6. The human milk fat substitute composition of claim 5, wherein the natural fat comprises one or more of soybean oil, peanut oil, palm oil, coconut oil, and basha fish oil.
7. The human milk substitute lipid composition of claim 5, wherein the modified lipid comprises an OPO structural lipid and/or an OPL structural lipid.
8. The human milk fat-substitute composition according to any one of claims 5 to 7, which comprises, in mass percent, 0 to 10% of soybean oil, 0 to 10% of peanut oil, 0 to 10% of palm oil, 10 to 20% of coconut oil, 40 to 50% of sandwort oil, and 30 to 45% of golden pompano oil or a fraction thereof.
9. The human milk fat-substitute composition according to any one of claims 5 to 7, which comprises, in mass percent, 0 to 10% of soybean oil, 0 to 10% of peanut oil, 0 to 10% of palm oil, 10 to 20% of coconut oil, 15% to 25% of basha fish oil, 20% to 30% of OPL structured fat, and 25% to 40% of freshwater white pomfret oil or a fraction thereof.
10. A food product comprising the human milk substitute lipid composition of any one of claims 5-9.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an application of pomfret oil or a fractionation product thereof in preparation of human milk substitute fat, and belongs to the technical field of food.
Background
The breast milk is the best food for infants and can provide all nutrients required by the infants for growth and development. The lipid component in breast milk, called human milk fat, accounts for about 3% to 5%, provides 40% to 50% of energy and essential fatty acids for infants and young children, and promotes the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Human milk fat is a complex mixture of fats and oils, and the triglycerides in human milk fat are mostly present in the sn-UPU form, such as 1, 3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride (OPO) and 1-oleic-2-palmitic-3-oleic triglyceride (OPL). The unique distribution of fatty acids on the triglyceride backbone affects digestion, absorption and metabolism in infants. Many studies have shown that feeding breast milk fat is beneficial for the absorption of fat and calcium by infants, while feeding most natural fats causes problems such as poor fat absorption and calcium loss in infants, and that feeding breast milk fat prevents constipation in infants, whereas ingestion of natural fat generally causes constipation in infants (Teichert and Akoh, Stearidonic acid acidic acid in the sn-2position by enzymationalization for use as human milk fat enterprises, Journal of agricultural and Food Chemistry 2011,59, 5692-5701).
With the development of society, the employment opportunities of women are increased, the unnatural fertility rate is increased, and the breast-feeding rate of puerperae is continuously reduced due to various reasons such as insufficient understanding and self condition of breast-feeding. Therefore, infant formula has become the best substitute food, and its lipid component is called human milk substitute fat (HMFS). According to a large amount of literature reports, the content of OPO in human milk fat is the highest in many countries and regions, but the OPL is found in many regions of China to be the triglyceride with the highest content in Chinese breast milk, and the OPO is the second highest. At present, human milk substitute fat in the market is developed based on the composition of foreign breast milk fat, the components of the breast milk fat of Chinese people are not concerned, and the addition of OPL is not noticed in infant formula milk powder, so that the difference between the human milk substitute fat in the Chinese market and the breast milk fat of Chinese people is large, and the growth and development of infants are not facilitated. The results of grandson analysis on the composition of the human milk substitute fat in 180 infant formula milk powder in the Chinese market and comparison and scoring with the composition of Chinese mother milk fat show that the total similarity coefficient (G) of the human milk substitute fat in 180 milk powder and the Chinese milk fat is less than 60 points, and the similarity of 82.78% of the human milk substitute fat in milk powder is distributed between 20 and 50 points (the composition, similarity evaluation and preparation research of the human milk substitute fat, doctor academic thesis of south Jiangnan university, 2018), which shows that the composition difference between the human milk substitute fat in the current Chinese market and the Chinese mother milk fat is huge, and the development and continuous optimization of the human milk substitute fat which is more similar to the Chinese milk fat are necessary
The natural oil is rarely rich in UPU type triglyceride, and the Basha fish oil and the Black fish oil only contain a certain content of OPO, and the content of OPL is still low, which is not consistent with the breast milk fat composition of Chinese people. When only the black fish oil or the Bassa fish oil is used for blending, the problem of insufficient OPL in the oil for the infant milk powder cannot be solved, and the similarity with breast milk fat is low. In addition, the synthesis of OPL by enzymatic methods is less studied and expensive. Therefore, a new oil rich in OPL is needed to be found and applied to preparing human milk substitute fat.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discovers that golden pomfret oil and freshwater white pomfret oil (Colossoma brachypomum), wherein the golden pomfret oil comprises Trachinotus ovatus oil (Trachinotus ovatus), Trachinotus blochii oil (Trachinotus blochii) and the like, is rich in OPL and OPO, has similar fatty acid composition and distribution with breast milk, is the closest to the breast milk fat composition of Chinese people, is a better choice for infant formula milk powder in China, and has application potential in the aspect of human milk substitute fat.
The invention aims to provide application of pomfret oil or a fraction thereof in preparing human milk substitute fat or milk products.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pomfret oil comprises one or both of golden pomfret oil and freshwater white pomfret oil.
In one embodiment of the invention, the golden pompano fish oil is trachinotus ovatus oil or trachinotus blosskii oil.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pomfret oil extract is obtained by fractionation of pomfret oil by a dry fractionation method or a solvent fractionation method.
In one embodiment of the invention, said pomfret oil or fraction thereof is used as a supplemental ingredient for OPO and OPL in the preparation of human milk substitute lipids.
The invention also provides a human milk fat-replacing composition, which is prepared by taking pomfret oil or a fractionated substance thereof as base oil and adding other natural grease and/or modified grease.
In one embodiment of the invention, the natural oil comprises one or more of soybean oil, peanut oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, and basha fish oil.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the modified fat or oil includes an OPO-structured fat and/or an OPL-structured fat synthesized by an enzymatic method.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pomfret oil extract is obtained by fractionation of pomfret oil by a dry fractionation method or a solvent fractionation method.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the preparation method of the golden pompano oil isolate, an extraction solvent is acetone or n-hexane; the mass-to-volume ratio (w/v, g/mL) of the pomfret oil to the solvent is 1: (2-10); the extraction temperature is-10 to 0 ℃; the time is 10-20 h.
In one embodiment of the invention, the human milk fat-substitute composition comprises, by mass, 0-10% soybean oil, 0-10% peanut oil, 0-10% palm oil, 10% -20% coconut oil, 40% -50% sandfish oil, 30% -45% golden pompano oil, or a fraction thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the ratio of soybean oil: peanut oil: palm oil: coconut oil: bassa fish oil: OPO structural lipid: the mass ratio of the golden pomfret oil fraction is (0.05-1): (1-2): (0.05-1): (10-20): (40-50): (30-40).
In one embodiment of the invention, the human milk fat-substitute composition comprises, by mass, 0-10% soybean oil, 0-10% peanut oil, 0-10% palm oil, 10-20% coconut oil, 15-25% sandfish oil, 20-30% OPL structured fat, 25-40% freshwater white pomfret oil, or a fractionation product thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the ratio of soybean oil: peanut oil: palm oil: bassa fish oil: coconut oil: OPL structural lipid: the mass ratio of the freshwater white pomfret oil is (0.1-5): (0.1-5): (0.1-5): (10-20): (20-25): (25-30): (25-30).
It is a third object of the present invention to provide a food product comprising the above human milk fat substitute composition.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the high content of OPL in the base oil selected by the invention is not found in other natural source grease, and the OPL is the triglyceride with the highest content in Chinese mother milk fat, which is different from the foreign breast milk fat. Experiments show that the contents of palmitic acid, sn-2 palmitic acid, OPO and OPL in golden pomfret oil are 23.52%, 37.25%, 15.84% and 25.67% respectively, the contents of palmitic acid, sn-2 palmitic acid, OPO and OPL in freshwater white pomfret oil are 25.26%, 36.96%, 26.39% and 19.38% respectively, and the two kinds of fish oil both contain high content of OPL and OPO, have composition close to that of breast milk fat of Chinese people, and are excellent base oil for preparing human milk substitute fat.
(2) The invention also provides the human milk substitute fat, the similarity of the human milk substitute fat to Chinese breast milk fat in terms of fatty acid composition is more than 90%, the similarity of the human milk substitute fat to Chinese breast milk fat in terms of sn-2 site fatty acid composition is more than 80%, the similarity of the human milk substitute fat to Chinese breast milk fat in terms of triglyceride composition is more than 70%, and the human milk substitute fat meets the requirements of Chinese babies better.
(3) Compared with the existing enzymatic method and chemical method for synthesizing related structural grease, the base oil for preparing the human milk substitute grease provided by the invention has the advantages of simpler process, higher safety and suitability for industrial production.
(4) The human milk substitute fat has high similarity with the human milk fat, solves the problem of low absorption rate of fatty acid and calcium of infant formula milk powder, improves the absorption and utilization of energy, improves the hardness of excrement, and reduces the occurrence of constipation and intestinal diseases of infants.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and is not intended to limit the invention thereto.
1. Method for measuring palmitic acid content
Putting 50mg fish oil into a 10mL graduated tube, adding 2mL of 0.5mol/L potassium hydroxide-methanol solution, saponifying at 65 ℃ for 30min, cooling, adding 2mL of 25% volume fraction boron trifluoride-methanol solution, and carrying out water bath at 70 ℃ for 5 min; adding 2mL of n-hexane, oscillating for 3-4min to extract fatty acid methyl ester, adding 4mL of saturated NaCl solution, taking the upper layer solution, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, oscillating (centrifuging at 10000rpm for 5min), sucking by a syringe, passing through a membrane, detecting by gas chromatography, and calculating the palmitic acid content.
2. Method for measuring content of sn-2-position palmitic acid
50mg of the sample are dissolved in 1.0mL of chromatographic grade n-hexane, 7mL of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6), 1.75mL of cholate solution (0.05%), 0.7mL of calcium chloride solution (2.2%) are added, vortexed for 2min, 50mg of porcine pancreatic lipase is added, the reaction is carried out at 37 ℃ for 9min, and vortexed for 2min every 3 min. After the reaction is finished, 2mL of anhydrous ether is added into the cooled sample, the cooled sample is centrifuged at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, the organic upper layer is absorbed, nitrogen is concentrated to 200 mu L of sample, the sample is applied on a thin-layer chromatography, and a developing agent is n-hexane: anhydrous ether: glacial acetic acid (50:50:1, v/v/v), developing by using 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein, identifying under an ultraviolet lamp, scraping 2-MAG, extracting twice by using anhydrous ether, drying the anhydrous ether by using nitrogen, carrying out fatty acid methyl esterification on a sample, detecting and analyzing by using a gas chromatograph, and calculating the content of sn-2-palmitic acid.
3. Method for measuring content of triglyceride
The triglyceride composition of the analytical product was determined using a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatograph (RP-HPLC) equipped with an evaporative light detector. And (3) dissolving 20mg of sample in 1.0mL of chromatographic grade n-hexane, filtering by a membrane, and detecting and analyzing by a high performance liquid chromatograph. And (3) completing quantification by adopting a peak area normalization method, calibrating by using a standard substance to convert the area percentage into the mass percentage, and calculating the content of the triglyceride.
4. Similarity evaluation of human milk substitute lipids
The similarity of the human milk substitute fat related by the invention and Chinese breast milk fat in the aspects of the composition of fatty acid, sn-2 site fatty acid and triglyceride is evaluated by adopting a 'deduction' principle according to a human milk fat similarity evaluation model established by Xiaoxiaqiang and the like (Xiaoxiaqiang, human milk fat substitute evaluation model established by an enzyme method and prepared by the method [ D ]: Boshi academic paper, Wuxi: Jiannan university, 2013.). The human milk fat similarity evaluation model is as follows:
wherein G represents the total score of similarity evaluation, and the full score is 100 points; gFA/sn-2FA/TAGA similarity evaluation score representing a fatty acid, a sn-2 fatty acid or a triglyceride; n is the number of indices in the total fatty acids or sn-2 fatty acids or triglycerides; biActual values representing total fatty acids or sn-2 fatty acids or triglycerides of human milk substitute lipids; a isiThe terminal value of the total fatty acids or sn-2 fatty acids or triglycerides of human milk fat, depending on biThe size of (2).