阅读说明：本技术 利用蚯蚓处理葛渣制作有机肥料的方法 (Method for preparing organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata dregs with earthworms ) 是由 成艳红 王馨悦 黄欠如 何绍浪 张昆 黄尚书 王斌强 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用蚯蚓处理葛渣制作有机肥料的方法,属于农业生物技术领域,包括以下步骤：葛渣预处理,取葛渣或葛渣与牛粪的混合料,将腐解菌剂按比例接种于混合物料,调节水分含量至60%-70%,堆制发酵；发酵得到的物料中放置蚓种,然后将蚯蚓与蚓粪分离,得到蚯蚓产品和蚯蚓粪生物有机肥。通过在葛渣或葛渣与牛粪混合料中接种腐解菌剂,并在发酵的葛渣中放置蚓种,通过蚯蚓的运动和排泄物改善葛渣的肥效功能,同时,分离得到的蚯蚓可以作为各种家禽、家畜、渔业水产品、水族宠物食品、动物性活食饵料、饲料添剂诱食剂,或加工风干、冻干蚯蚓饵料。利用本发明能够提高葛渣的回收利用率,杜绝了资源浪费和环境污染现象。(The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata residue with earthworms, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural biology and comprises the following steps: pretreating kudzu vine residue, namely taking kudzu vine residue or a mixture of the kudzu vine residue and cow dung, inoculating a decomposition microbial inoculum to the mixture in proportion, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, and composting and fermenting; placing earthworm seeds in the fermented material, and then separating earthworms from earthworm feces to obtain an earthworm product and an earthworm feces bio-organic fertilizer. By inoculating the decomposition microbial inoculum in the kudzu slag or the mixture of the kudzu slag and the cow dung and placing earthworm species in the fermented kudzu slag, the fertilizer efficiency function of the kudzu slag is improved through the movement and the excretion of the earthworm, and meanwhile, the separated earthworm can be used as various poultry, livestock, fishery aquatic products, aquatic pet food, animal live-feed bait, feed additive phagostimulant or processed, air-dried and freeze-dried earthworm bait. The invention can improve the recovery rate of the kudzu slag and avoid the phenomena of resource waste and environmental pollution.)

1. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata dregs with earthworms is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: pretreating kudzu vine residues: inoculating a decay microbial inoculum to fresh kudzu vine residue according to the mass proportion of 5 +/-1 per thousand, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, performing aerobic composting and fermentation for 20-25 days, and turning over every 5-8 days to control the temperature of a pile body to be 50-60 ℃;

or mixing fresh kudzuvine root residues with cow dung, uniformly mixing according to the dry weight ratio of 4: 1-3: 2, inoculating a decomposition microbial inoculum to the mixed material according to the mass ratio of 5 +/-1 thousandth, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, and performing composting fermentation for 3-5 days;

s2: placing earthworm seeds in the material obtained by fermentation in the step S1, setting the survival temperature of earthworms to be 25 +/-10 ℃, putting 10-15 earthworm seeds into each gram of dry material, putting again for 1 time every 20 +/-2 days, and separating the earthworms from earthworm feces every 3-4 months to obtain earthworm products and the earthworm feces.

2. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata dregs with earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (8) preparing earthworm cast leaching liquor by the earthworm cast separated in the step (S2) and water according to a feed-liquor ratio of 1-1.5: 10, wherein the feed-liquor ratio unit is g/L.

3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata dregs with earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) directly returning the earthworm casts separated in the step (S2) to the field for application or drying and processing to obtain the earthworm cast organic fertilizer.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biology, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata residue with earthworms.

Background

Kudzuvine root (Kudzuvine root)Puerarialobata) Is a leguminous pueraria plant, contains abundant starch, 13 essential trace elements of human body such as amino acid, iron, calcium, selenium, germanium and the like, and also contains isoflavone substances such as glycitin, xyloside, puerarin and the like, is a first approved medicinal and edible plant of the national ministry of health, and has extremely high health care and nutritive values. The pueraria lobata residue is residue of fresh pueraria lobata after clinical application, food health product development and starch/pueraria lobata powder production, and has a large amount. According to incomplete statistics, the area of wild pueraria lobata and cultivated pueraria lobata in China is nearly 40 hm2, the annual output can reach more than 150 ten thousand tons, and the amount of pueraria lobata waste residues discharged every year is nearly 10 ten thousand tons. Jiangxi is one of the most concentrated areas of China where the kudzuvine root is distributed, and the area of the barren mountain land suitable for planting the kudzuvine root is more than 90 ten thousand mu. In the last 90 th century, with the rise of the comprehensive development of red soil in the west of the Yangtze river, Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi has been developed to a certain extent as a dominant characteristic pioneer crop for the rational utilization of red soil resources, the planting amount of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi is steadily increased, and the yield is increased year by year, but compared with other developed areas, the deep processing degree of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi is low, more than 80% of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi is used for processing Pueraria lobata (Wil.

At present, a large amount of kudzu vine residues are discarded as wastes, so that the environment is polluted and the resources are wasted. Research shows that the kudzu vine residue not only has high contents of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and the like, but also has high contents of medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like. Meanwhile, the water extraction process of the kudzuvine root powder causes more than 95% of insoluble substances such as flavone, isoflavone and the like in the kudzuvine root to remain in the kudzuvine root residue. The flavonoids are main nutrient substances required for rapidly improving the physiological activity of crops and promoting the benign growth of the crops, and are effective components for inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms such as bacillus and the like. Therefore, a kudzu vine residue conversion and synergistic utilization mode for material application is sought, and the key to high-value utilization is to fully exert the fertilizer and drug functions of the kudzu vine residue.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata dregs with earthworms, and aims to solve the problem of resource waste caused by discarding the pueraria lobata dregs as waste in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata dregs with earthworms comprises the following steps:

s1: pretreating kudzu vine residues: taking out fresh kudzu vine root dregs,

inoculating a decomposition microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 5 +/-1 per thousand, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, performing aerobic composting and fermentation for 20-25 days, and turning the pile every 5-8 days to control the temperature of the pile to be 50-60 ℃;

or mixing fresh kudzuvine root residues with cow dung, uniformly mixing according to the dry weight ratio of 4: 1-3: 2, inoculating a decomposition microbial inoculum to the mixed material according to the mass ratio of 5 +/-1 thousandth, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, and performing composting fermentation for 3-5 days;

s2: placing earthworm seeds in the material obtained by fermentation in the step S1, setting the survival temperature of earthworms to be 25 +/-10 ℃, putting 10-15 earthworm seeds into each gram of dry material, putting again for 1 time every 20 +/-2 days, and separating the earthworms from earthworm feces every 3-4 months to obtain an earthworm product and an earthworm feces organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the earthworm casts separated in the step S2 and water are mixed according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1-1.5: 10 to prepare earthworm cast leaching liquor, wherein the feed-liquid ratio unit is g/L.

Preferably, the earthworm casts separated in the step S2 are directly returned to the field for utilization or dried to obtain the earthworm cast organic fertilizer.

Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: compared with the prior art, the invention inoculates the decomposition microbial inoculum in the kudzu slag or the mixture of the kudzu slag and the cow dung, regulates the water content to be suitable, piles up the kudzu slag for fermentation, then places earthworm seeds in the fermented kudzu slag, improves the fertilizer efficiency function of the kudzu slag through the movement and the excretion of the earthworms, and simultaneously, the separated earthworms can be used as various domestic fowls, domestic animals, fishery aquatic products, aquatic pet foods, live animal feed baits, feed additive phagostimulants or processed, air-dried and freeze-dried earthworm baits. The invention can realize the high-efficiency conversion and utilization of the functions of the kudzu slag, improve the recovery and utilization rate of the kudzu slag and avoid the phenomena of resource waste and environmental pollution.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the total nitrogen content in earthworm cast from pueraria waste, earthworm cast from pueraria waste and earthworm cast from cattle manure in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the total phosphorus content in the pueraria waste earthworm cast, the pueraria waste cow dung earthworm cast and the cow dung earthworm cast in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the total potassium content in the earthworm cast from pueraria lobata, the earthworm cast from pueraria lobata and the earthworm cast from cattle manure in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing organic matter contents in Easter Pueraria, Easter Pueraria and Easter bovis in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of germination rates of earthworm cast derived from Kudzuvine root, cow dung derived from Kudzuvine root and cow dung derived from earthworm cast applied to rape seeds in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of wormcast obtained in step S4 on plant height during the seedling stage of pepper in the example of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of wormcast obtained in step S4 on the stem thickness of pepper at the seedling stage;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of the germination rates of rice seeds using earthworm cast from pueraria lobata, cow-dung-source earthworm cast from pueraria lobata and cow-dung-source earthworm cast in the examples of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the average weight gain of earthworms in decomposed Kudzuvine root residue, Kudzuvine root residue cow dung and control cow dung in the present example;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the comparison of the average daily cocoon yield of earthworms in the kudzu vine residue cow dung and the control cow dung in the example of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The earthworm treatment of organic waste combines the traditional composting method with the biological treatment method, and can form earthworm cast organic fertilizer with excellent physical, chemical and biological properties in a short time through the metabolism of the earthworm, so that the biological activity and the fertilization efficiency are improved, a large amount of beneficial microorganisms in the earthworm cast can also inhibit pathogenic bacteria of protophyte such as fusarium and the like, and meanwhile, earthworm bodies can be harvested, thereby realizing the double benefits of environmental protection and economy. However, the existing pueraria lobata dregs have high starch and cellulose content and contain more substances which are unfavorable for the growth of earthworms, such as flavone, and the like, so that the application of the earthworms in the resource utilization of the pueraria lobata dregs 'medical fertilizer' is limited. In view of this, the technical scheme provided by the invention can improve the situation, improve the palatability of the pueraria lobata residue, ensure the normal growth and propagation of earthworms after eating the materials, and realize the fertilizer utilization of the pueraria lobata residue, and is a key for extending and expanding the economic industrial chain of pueraria lobata resources and improving the additional value of the pueraria lobata.

The invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by treating pueraria lobata residue with earthworms, which comprises the following steps:

s1: pretreating kudzu vine residues: inoculating a decay microbial inoculum to fresh kudzu vine residue according to the mass proportion of 5 +/-1 per thousand, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, composting and fermenting for 20-25 days, and turning over every 5-8 days to control the temperature of a pile body to be 50-60 ℃;

or mixing fresh pueraria lobata residue and cow dung, uniformly mixing according to the dry weight ratio of 4: 1-3: 2 of wind, preferably the ratio of 7:3, inoculating the decomposition microbial inoculum to the mixed material according to the mass ratio of 5 +/-1 per thousand, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, and performing composting fermentation for 3-5 days.

S2: and (3) placing earthworm seeds in the material obtained by fermentation in the step S1, feeding 10-15 earthworm seeds into each gram of dry material, feeding again for 1 time every 20 days, and separating earthworms from earthworm feces to obtain earthworm products and earthworm feces. Wherein, the survival temperature of the earthworms can be set to 25 +/-10 ℃ so as to ensure the normal propagation of the earthworms. Preferably, the earthworms can grow, develop and reproduce better at the temperature of about 20-27 ℃.

Preparing earthworm cast leaching liquor by the earthworm cast separated in the step S2 and water according to the feed-liquor ratio of 1-1.5: 10, wherein the feed-liquor ratio unit is g/L, applying the earthworm cast leaching liquor to an indoor rape or rice seed germination experiment, and observing the influence of the earthworm cast leaching liquor on seed germination indoors, wherein the germination rate is over 80%; the content of organic matters of the earthworm cast from the pueraria waste reaches 26.1-30.2 percent, the content of total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6.5-7.5 percent, and the content of the total nutrient is not lower than that of the earthworm cast from the cattle manure, as shown in figures 1-4.

In addition, the earthworm casts separated in the step S2 can be directly applied to farmland production, or dried to obtain the earthworm cast organic fertilizer, so that the earthworm cast organic fertilizer is convenient to store and transport for a long time.