阅读说明：本技术 一种钛合金材料的切削刀具与切削工艺 (Cutting tool and cutting process for titanium alloy material ) 是由 岳锋 张建强 郭宏颖 宋军 李俊杰 杨冬 郝青华 付铭 李志俊 段爱平 冀晓燕 于 2021-07-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种钛合金材料的切削刀具和切削工艺,该切削刀具包括刀体和多个刀片；刀体2外周上设置有多个排屑槽5,排屑槽5为右旋螺旋槽,且多个排屑槽5的螺旋角大小不同,多个刀片分别固定在多个排屑槽5上,每个排屑槽5上的多个刀片是均匀分布,相邻2个排屑槽5上刀片错开排列,排屑槽上的每一个刀片的切削刃处都设置有内冷孔4,刀体中心孔为主内冷孔7,主内冷孔7与所有内冷孔4连通。切削工艺中粗加工和半精加工均采用摆线铣加顺铣的顺铣路径。本发明实现了钛合金材料最大限度去除余量的高效加工方法,提高加工效率；避免采用微量铣削方式,切削温度超过600℃时,容易引起钛合金切屑自燃的安全问题。(The invention relates to a cutting tool and a cutting process for a titanium alloy material, wherein the cutting tool comprises a tool body and a plurality of blades; the periphery of the cutter body 2 is provided with a plurality of chip grooves 5, each chip groove 5 is a right-handed spiral groove, the spiral angles of the chip grooves 5 are different in size, a plurality of blades are respectively fixed on the chip grooves 5, the blades on each chip groove 5 are uniformly distributed, the blades on the adjacent 2 chip grooves 5 are arranged in a staggered mode, an inner cooling hole 4 is formed in the cutting edge of each blade on each chip groove, the central hole of the cutter body is a main inner cooling hole 7, and the main inner cooling hole 7 is communicated with all the inner cooling holes 4. In the cutting process, the rough machining and the semi-finish machining both adopt a forward milling path of cycloid milling and forward milling. The invention realizes the high-efficiency processing method for removing the allowance of the titanium alloy material to the maximum extent, and improves the processing efficiency; the safety problem that the spontaneous combustion of titanium alloy chips is easily caused when the cutting temperature exceeds 600 ℃ by adopting a micro-milling mode is avoided.)

1. A cutting tool made of titanium alloy material is characterized in that: the cutting tool comprises a tool body and a plurality of blades;

the periphery of the cutter body 2 is provided with a plurality of chip grooves 5, each chip groove 5 is a right-handed spiral groove, the spiral angles of the chip grooves 5 are different in size, a plurality of blades are respectively fixed on the chip grooves 5, the blades on each chip groove 5 are uniformly distributed, the blades on the adjacent 2 chip grooves 5 are arranged in a staggered mode, an inner cooling hole 4 is formed in the cutting edge of each blade on each chip groove, the central hole of the cutter body is a main inner cooling hole 7, and the main inner cooling hole 7 is communicated with all the inner cooling holes 4.

2. A cutting tool of titanium alloy material according to claim 1, wherein: the parameters of the blade are as follows: the front angle is selected from gamma 0 to 5 degrees to 15 degrees; the back angle alpha 0 is more than or equal to 15 degrees; main deflection angle, Kr is not more than 45 degrees during rough machining, and Kr is more than 75 degrees during finish machining; the blade inclination angle is-10 to-5 degrees in rough machining and 0 to 3 degrees in fine machining; the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose is 0.4-1.2 mm.

3. A titanium alloy material cutting process using the tool according to claim 1, characterized by: the cutting process comprises the following specific steps:

first step, process preparation

The adopted numerical control machine tool has an inner cooling function, an operating system of the numerical control machine tool has the capability of executing cycloid milling and forward milling NC program, the machine tool has a function of adjusting the clearance of a screw nut, and a cooling and lubricating medium is an emulsion containing S, P and Cl or an aqueous solution added with an extreme pressure additive;

secondly, processing is carried out; the processing process comprises trial processing, rough processing, semi-finish processing and finish processing in sequence; wherein, the rough machining and the semi-finish machining both adopt a forward milling path of cycloid milling and forward milling.

Step 1, simulating an NC machining program and a feed path, gradually adjusting to the optimal cutting speed Vc of 25-80 m/min by using a lower cutting speed Vc, starting a cooling medium, and performing feed machining; then the test capability index CPK is more than or equal to 1.33, the cutting power Pc is more than or equal to 80 percent Po (machine tool power), and the metal removal rate Q is the maximum.

Step 2, formally executing a processing program instruction, and sequentially performing rough machining cycloid milling rough machining, machining straight milling, semi-finish machining cycloid milling, semi-finish machining straight milling and finish machining; the rough machining and semi-finish machining cutting parameters are as follows: the cutting speed Vc is 25-80 m/min, fz is 0.2-0.6 mm/r,

third, on-line detection

And (4) online measuring whether the machining size and the roughness Ra of the workpiece meet requirements or not, and measuring the roughness Ra1 of the machined surface of the workpiece.6-Ra12.5, adjusting fz to be 0.2-0.6 mm/r,vc is 25-80 m/min, and the main shaft rotating speed S is 2500-3000 r/min;

fourthly, unloading the workpiece;

and fifthly, finally checking.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material machining, and particularly relates to a cutting tool and a cutting process for a titanium alloy material.

Background

Titanium alloy is regarded as "all-purpose metal", has characteristics such as high specific strength, corrosion resistance, thermal stability, is one of the preferred materials of high mobility equipment, lightweight manufacturing. However, titanium alloy materials have poor machinability and low machining efficiency, and belong to materials difficult to machine.

Titanium alloy processes typically employ "end milling" and "side milling". The titanium alloy has the characteristics of short contact length of tool scraps, poor thermal conductivity, high chemical affinity, small elastic modulus and the like in the cutting process. The traditional milling method comprises the following steps: (1) the adoption of an external cooling type tungsten-titanium-cobalt (YT) hard alloy milling cutter has the defects of insufficient cooling, quick cutter abrasion and the like; (2) the traditional milling with small back tool-cutting amount such as end milling and side milling is adopted, the cutting speed is generally less than 20m/min, the machining efficiency is extremely low, and the method is particularly not beneficial to removing large-allowance rough machining of workpieces. (3) In order to meet the requirement of material removal rate, the contact time between the cutter and a workpiece is long by increasing the meshing angle of the cutter, the cutting temperature is increased, and the service life of the cutter is shortened.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cutting tool and a cutting process for a titanium alloy material, which realize an efficient processing method for removing allowance of the titanium alloy material to the maximum extent and improve the processing efficiency; the safety problem that the spontaneous combustion of titanium alloy chips is easily caused when the cutting temperature exceeds 600 ℃ by adopting a micro-milling mode is avoided.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the cutting tool made of the titanium alloy material comprises a tool body and a plurality of blades;

the periphery of the cutter body 2 is provided with a plurality of chip grooves 5, each chip groove 5 is a right-handed spiral groove, the spiral angles of the chip grooves 5 are different in size, a plurality of blades are respectively fixed on the chip grooves 5, the blades on each chip groove 5 are uniformly distributed, the blades on the adjacent 2 chip grooves 5 are arranged in a staggered mode, an inner cooling hole 4 is formed in the cutting edge of each blade on each chip groove, the central hole of the cutter body is a main inner cooling hole 7, and the main inner cooling hole 7 is communicated with all the inner cooling holes 4.

The parameters of the blade are as follows: the front angle is selected from gamma 0 to 5 degrees to 15 degrees; the back angle alpha 0 is more than or equal to 15 degrees; main deflection angle, Kr is not more than 45 degrees during rough machining, and Kr is more than 75 degrees during finish machining; the blade inclination angle is-10 to-5 degrees in rough machining and 0 to 3 degrees in fine machining; the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose is 0.4-1.2 mm.

A titanium alloy material cutting process using the cutter of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

first step, process preparation

The adopted numerical control machine tool has an inner cooling function, an operating system of the numerical control machine tool has the capability of executing cycloid milling and forward milling NC program, the machine tool has a function of adjusting the clearance of a screw nut, and a cooling and lubricating medium is an emulsion containing S, P and Cl or an aqueous solution added with an extreme pressure additive;

secondly, processing is carried out; the processing process comprises trial processing, rough processing, semi-finish processing and finish processing in sequence; wherein, the rough machining and the semi-finish machining both adopt a forward milling path of cycloid milling and forward milling.

Step 1, simulating an NC machining program and a feed path, gradually adjusting to the optimal cutting speed Vc of 25-80 m/min by using a lower cutting speed Vc, starting a cooling medium, and performing feed machining; then the test capability index CPK is more than or equal to 1.33, the cutting power Pc is more than or equal to 80 percent Po (machine tool power), and the metal removal rate Q is the maximum.

Step 2, formally executing a processing program instruction, and sequentially performing rough machining cycloid milling rough machining, machining straight milling, semi-finish machining cycloid milling, semi-finish machining straight milling and finish machining; the rough machining and semi-finish machining cutting parameters are as follows: the cutting speed Vc is 25-80 m/min, fz is 0.2-0.6 mm/r,

third, on-line detection

On-line measuring whether the machining size and the roughness Ra of the workpiece meet the requirements, adjusting fz to be 0.2-0.6 mm/r when the roughness Ra of the machined surface of the workpiece is 1.6-Ra12.5 and does not meet the requirements,vc is 25-80 m/min, and the main shaft rotating speed S is 2500-3000 r/min;

fourthly, unloading the workpiece;

and fifthly, finally checking.

The invention has the beneficial effects that the efficient cutting process method of cycloid milling and straight milling is adopted, so that the efficient quantitative-removing rough machining and semi-finish machining are realized, and the machining efficiency is improved by more than 5 times compared with the traditional machining scheme; meanwhile, the potential safety hazard that the cutting temperature exceeds 600 ℃ and spontaneous combustion of titanium alloy chips is easily caused in a micro-milling mode is effectively avoided. The manufacturing cost of the titanium alloy part is effectively reduced, the method is particularly suitable for workpieces with large machining allowance, and the method has guiding significance on difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloy and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting tool made of a titanium alloy material according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a moving track of a cutter in the titanium alloy material cutting process of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a titanium alloy material cutting process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail in the following description and the accompanying drawings.

As shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the method adopts a cycloidal milling and straight milling efficient cutting process method of titanium alloy materials, and a corn milling cutter is installed on a numerical control processing machine with an internal cooling function. One end of the corn milling cutter is designed with 7:24 cutter handles, and the other end of the corn milling cutter consists of an end cover 1 (the head part of the cutter rod is easy to damage and can be replaced), a cutter body 2, a blade 3 and the like.

As shown in fig. 1, a cutting tool of a titanium alloy material of the present invention includes a tool body and a plurality of insert pieces. The cutting tool is called a corn milling cutter.

The periphery of the cutter body 2 is provided with a plurality of chip grooves 5, the chip grooves 5 are right-handed spiral grooves, and the spiral angles of the chip grooves 5 are different in size. The plurality of blades are respectively fixed on the plurality of chip grooves 5, and the plurality of blades on each chip groove 5 are uniformly distributed. The blades on the adjacent 2 chip grooves 5 are staggered. The cutting edge of each hard alloy blade on the chip groove is provided with an internal cooling hole 4, so that each blade is independently cooled.

The central hole of the cutter body is a main inner cooling hole 7, and the main inner cooling hole 7 is communicated with all the inner cooling holes 4. Namely, the inner cooling hole 4 is communicated with a main inner cooling hole 7 in the middle of the cutter body through each branch inner cooling hole opening part 6, and the main inner cooling hole is connected with an inner cooling channel of a machine tool spindle.

Every two adjacent rows of blades are arranged in a staggered manner in the axial direction, so that the cutting tracks of the front blades and the rear blades are not overlapped, and the temperature at the cutting edge of the cutter is reduced. The indexable hard alloy blade is made of YG type fine grain or ultrafine grain hard alloy added with TaC or NbC, such as YS2T, YG813, YG6X and the like; the coating is selected from TiAlN, TiAlSi, TiAlN + CrC coating and diamond coating. By utilizing the cutting mode of cycloid milling and straight milling, the axial cutting depth of the milling cutter is determined according to the length of a cutting edge, generally can reach more than 45mm, and the metal removal rate is improved by more than 5 times compared with the traditional milling.

As shown in fig. 3, the titanium alloy material cutting process comprises the following specific steps: preparation, machining (rough machining, semi-finishing), inspection

First step, process preparation

S1: the numerical control machine tool with the inner cooling function is selected, an operating system of the numerical control machine tool has the program of executing cycloid milling and forward milling NC, the machine tool has the function of adjusting the clearance of the screw rod and the nut, and the forward milling mode is convenient to adopt. The workpiece is clamped, and the auxiliary support is mostly used, so that the workpiece is prevented from being clamped and deformed. And adding emulsion or aqueous solution of extreme pressure additive (containing S, P and Cl) as cooling and lubricating medium for the machine tool.

S2: selection tool

Selecting the corn milling cutter and a square indexable blade, wherein the blade is made of high-performance ultrafine-grain hard alloy, and the front angle of the blade is selected from gamma 0 to 5-15 degrees; the back angle alpha 0 is more than or equal to 15 degrees; main deflection angle, Kr is not more than 45 degrees during rough machining, and Kr is more than 75 degrees during finish machining; the blade inclination angle is-10 to-5 degrees in rough machining and 0 to 3 degrees in fine machining; the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose is 0.4-1.2 mm.

And step two, processing. The processing process sequentially comprises trial processing, rough processing, semi-finish processing and finish processing. Wherein, the rough machining and the semi-finish machining both adopt a forward milling path of cycloid milling and forward milling.

The radial cutting depth of the cutter for cycloid milling and straight milling is gradually increased from 0 to 0 and then gradually decreased to 0 from the maximum, the cutting force is correspondingly changed along with the radial cutting depth, namely, the radial cutting depth is increased from 0 to be decreased to 0, the time that the cutter revolves for one circle and is in a cutting state is short, the generated cutting heat is small, and the cutter is slowly worn. The axial cutting depth of the used corn milling cutter is determined according to the length of the cutting edge, which can reach more than 2 times of the diameter of the cutter, and the material removal rate can be effectively improved by improving the axial cutting depth.

The rough machining and semi-finish machining cutting parameters are as follows:

the cutting speed Vc is 25-80 m/min, fz is 0.2-0.6 mm/r,

the trial processing operation steps are as follows,

(1) and simulating an NC machining program and a feed track.

(2) The rotating speed S of the main shaft is 2500-3000 r/min, the lower cutting speed Vc is used firstly, the optimal cutting speed is gradually adjusted to 25-80 m/min, a cooling medium is started, and the cutting process is carried out.

(3) The test capability index CPK is more than or equal to 1.33, the cutting power Pc is more than or equal to 80 percent Po (machine tool power), and the metal removal rate Q is the maximum.

Formally executing machining program instructions

And performing rough machining (cycloid milling and straight milling), semi-finish machining (cycloid milling and straight milling) and finish machining respectively.

Third, on-line detection

On-line measuring whether the machining size and the roughness Ra of the workpiece meet the requirements, adjusting fz to be 0.2-0.6 mm/r when the roughness Ra of the machined surface of the workpiece is 1.6-Ra12.5 and does not meet the requirements,vc is 25-80 m/min, and the main shaft rotating speed S is 2500-3000 r/min.

Fourthly, the workpiece is unloaded

And (4) batch manufacturing, namely maintaining a positioning reference for realizing first piece processing of the process equipment.

The fifth step, final inspection

And (4) detecting and accepting the processed workpiece by a special inspector. And (6) warehousing qualified workpieces. And batch manufacturing is realized.

The key points of the invention are as follows:

1. and (3) efficiently cutting and processing the workpiece made of the titanium alloy material by adopting a cycloid milling and forward milling mode.

2. The corn milling cutter with full effective teeth, end covers, right hand unequal tooth pitches and unequal helix angles is selected, and each blade independently has an inner cooling function.

3. The blade of the corn milling cutter is a square indexable blade, the blade is made of high-performance ultrafine-grain hard alloy, and the front angle of the blade is selected from gamma 0 to 5-15 degrees; the back angle alpha 0 is more than or equal to 15 degrees; main deflection angle, Kr is not more than 45 degrees during rough machining, and Kr is more than 75 degrees during finish machining; the blade inclination angle is-10 to-5 degrees in rough machining and 0 to 3 degrees in fine machining; the radius of the circular arc of the tool nose is 0.4-1.2 mm.

4. The cutting parameters are as follows: the cutting speed Vc is 25-80 m/min, fz is 0.2-0.6 mm/r,

5. the test capability index CPK is more than or equal to 1.33, the cutting power Pc is more than or equal to 80 percent Po (machine tool power), and the metal removal rate Q is maximum (more than 5 times of that of the traditional milling mode).