阅读说明：本技术 气化烧嘴、气化炉及气化方法 (Gasification burner, gasification furnace and gasification method ) 是由 赵辉 王晟 张振武 刘海峰 代正华 许建良 梁钦锋 龚欣 *** 于广锁 王亦飞 于 2019-03-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种气化烧嘴、气化炉及气化方法。所述气化烧嘴的浆体通道内设有气泡生成器,所述气泡生成器包括气体腔室,所述气体腔室的侧壁及底壁上均匀布设有文丘里管式的开孔结构,所述开孔结构沿所述气泡生成器的内壁至外壁的方向依次具有进气口、喉部和出气口,所述开孔结构的进气口的收缩角为110-160°,所述开孔结构的喉部的内径为d,且0＜d≤3.5mm,所述开孔结构的出气口的扩张角为60-100°；所述气体腔室的底壁距所述气化烧嘴的出口底面的距离为15-300mm。本发明的气化烧嘴,通过气泡生成器,掺入大量小气泡,增强浆体的不稳定性,从而促进浆体的破裂与雾化,进而提高了气化烧嘴的雾化效果及气化效率。(The invention discloses a gasification burner, a gasification furnace and a gasification method. The gasification burner comprises a gasification burner and is characterized in that a slurry channel of the gasification burner is internally provided with a bubble generator, the bubble generator comprises a gas chamber, the side wall and the bottom wall of the gas chamber are uniformly provided with Venturi tube type opening structures, the opening structures are sequentially provided with a gas inlet, a throat part and a gas outlet along the direction from the inner wall to the outer wall of the bubble generator, the contraction angle of the gas inlet of the opening structure is 110-160 degrees, the inner diameter of the throat part of the opening structure is d, d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 3.5mm, and the expansion angle of the gas outlet of the opening structure is 60-100 degrees; the distance between the bottom wall of the gas chamber and the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 15-300 mm. According to the gasification burner disclosed by the invention, a large amount of small bubbles are doped through the bubble generator, so that the instability of slurry is enhanced, the fracture and atomization of the slurry are promoted, and the atomization effect and gasification efficiency of the gasification burner are further improved.)

1. A gasification burner is characterized in that a slurry channel of the gasification burner is internally provided with a bubble generator, the bubble generator comprises a gas chamber, the side wall and the bottom wall of the gas chamber are uniformly provided with Venturi tube type opening structures, the opening structures are sequentially provided with a gas inlet, a throat part and a gas outlet along the direction from the inner wall to the outer wall of the bubble generator, the contraction angle of the gas inlet of the opening structure is 110-160 degrees, the inner diameter of the throat part of the opening structure is d, d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 3.5mm, and the expansion angle of the gas outlet of the opening structure is 60-100 degrees; the distance between the bottom wall of the gas chamber and the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 15-300 mm.

2. A gasification burner in accordance with claim 1,

the inner diameter d of the throat part of the open pore structure is 0.5-3.5 mm;

and/or the distance between the bottom wall of the gas chamber and the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 90-110mm, preferably 100 mm;

and/or the inner diameter of the throat part of the open pore structure arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber is sequentially increased along the direction from the top to the bottom of the gas chamber, and the magnification is preferably 1.01-1.1, and more preferably 1.05.

3. A gasification burner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distance between two adjacent opening structures provided in the side wall of the gas chamber is less than 30mm, preferably 15-30mm, more preferably 20-30 mm;

and/or the distance between two adjacent opening structures arranged on the bottom wall of the gas chamber is less than 30mm, preferably 5-30mm, and more preferably 20-30 mm.

4. A gasification burner in accordance with claim 1 or 2 wherein the burner body of the gasification burner is a three-channel burner or a four-channel burner.

5. The gasification burner of claim 4, wherein the burner body of the gasification burner is a three-channel burner, the burner body is sequentially provided with a first gasifying agent channel, a first slurry channel and a second gasifying agent channel from inside to outside, and the bubble generator is arranged in the first slurry channel;

wherein, preferably, the external contraction angle alpha of the central spray head surrounding the first gasifying agent channel is 60-80 degrees, the external contraction angle beta of the inner ring spray head surrounding the first slurry channel is 50-70 degrees, the external contraction angle gamma of the middle ring spray head surrounding the second gasifying agent channel is 40-60 degrees, and alpha is more than beta and gamma.

6. The gasification burner of claim 4, wherein the burner body of the gasification burner is a four-channel burner, the burner body is sequentially provided with a first gasifying agent channel, a first slurry channel, a second gasifying agent channel and a second slurry channel from inside to outside, and the bubble generator is arranged in the first slurry channel and/or the second slurry channel;

preferably, the outer contraction angle α of the central nozzle surrounding the first gasifying agent passage is 60-80 °, the outer contraction angle β of the inner ring nozzle surrounding the first slurry passage is 50-70 °, the outer contraction angle γ of the middle ring nozzle surrounding the second gasifying agent passage is 40-60 °, the outer contraction angle θ of the outer ring nozzle surrounding the second slurry passage is 30-60 °, and α > β > γ > θ.

7. A gasification burner according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the contraction angle of the inlet of the open-pore structure is 110-160 °, the inner diameter of the throat of the open-pore structure is 0.6-3.5mm, and the divergence angle of the outlet of the open-pore structure is 60-100 °; the distance between the bottom wall of the gas chamber and the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 100-300 mm; the distance between every two adjacent open pore structures arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber is 15-30 mm; the distance between two adjacent open pore structures arranged on the bottom wall of the gas chamber is 5-30 mm; when the burner body of the gasification burner is the four-channel burner, the outer contraction angle theta of the outer ring nozzle enclosing the second slurry channel is preferably 30-55 degrees.

8. A gasification burner in accordance with claim 7, wherein the burner body of said gasification burner is said four-channel burner, the inlet of said open cell structure has a convergent angle of 160 °, the inner diameters of the throats of said open cell structures located at the uppermost and lowermost layers are 0.6mm and 0.8mm, respectively, and the outlet of said open cell structure has a divergent angle of 60 °; the distance between the bottom wall of the gas chamber and the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 100 mm; the inner diameter of the throat part of the open pore structure arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber is sequentially increased along the direction from the top to the bottom of the gas chamber, and the magnification is 1.05; the distance between every two adjacent open pore structures arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber is 20 mm; the distance between every two adjacent open pore structures arranged on the bottom wall of the gas chamber is 20 mm; the outer contraction angle alpha of the central nozzle which surrounds the first gasifying agent channel is 75 degrees, the outer contraction angle beta of the inner ring nozzle which surrounds the first slurry channel is 70 degrees, the outer contraction angle gamma of the middle ring nozzle which surrounds the second gasifying agent channel is 60 degrees, and the outer contraction angle theta of the outer ring nozzle which surrounds the second slurry channel is 55 degrees.

9. A gasification furnace, characterized in that the gasification furnace is provided with the gasification burner according to any one of claims 1 to 8;

preferably, the gasification burner is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace, the bottom of the gasification furnace is provided with a liquid slag outlet, and the side wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a synthesis gas outlet;

preferably, the gas used in the bubble generator is syngas, and a syngas branch leading to the gas chamber is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the syngas.

10. A gasification method, which is carried out in the gasification furnace according to claim 9, comprising the steps of: the ratio of the volume flow of the gas introduced into the bubble generator to the total volume flow of the gasifying agent introduced into the gasification burner is 1-20%;

when the gasification burner is the three-channel burner or the four-channel burner, preferably, the outlet speed of the gasification agent in the first gasification agent channel is 60-160 m/s;

wherein, preferably, the outlet speed of the slurry in the slurry channel is 1-12 m/s;

when the gasification burner is the three-channel burner or the four-channel burner, preferably, the outlet speed of the gasification agent in the second gasification agent channel is 60-160 m/s.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a gasification burner, a gasification furnace and a gasification method.

Background

Gasification refers to the process of converting a gasification raw material containing coal, coke, organic solid waste or biomass, etc. to a gas product and residues by reacting with a gasification agent under a high temperature condition. The gasification agent is mainly water vapor, air, oxygen or a mixed gas thereof, and the gasification reaction comprises a series of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. Gasification can be used for producing fuel gas, industrial kiln gas, civil gas and the like, and also can be used for producing hydrogen, metallurgy, synthetic ammonia, alcohols, liquid fuel and the like.

The entrained flow gasification technology has the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, good mixing and the like, represents the mainstream direction of the development of the gasification technology, and has the advantages of higher treatment speed, higher temperature, more complete decomposition of organic matters, cleanness and environmental protection. The entrained flow gasification technology is to utilize the jet entrainment principle in hydrodynamics to spray the gasification raw material and gasification agent into the gasification furnace at high speed through a gasification burner. The gasification burner atomizes the gasification raw materials into a large number of small droplets, so that the gas-liquid contact area is greatly increased, the mixing is strengthened, and the full implementation of the gasification reaction is greatly facilitated. The gasification burner has great influence on gasification efficiency, product components and the like, and how to improve the atomization effect is one of the keys of the entrained flow gasification technology.

However, the atomization effect of the existing gasification burner is still not ideal enough, and in order to make the gasification reaction more sufficient, the atomization effect of the existing gasification burner needs to be further improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defect that the atomization effect of the existing gasification burner is not ideal enough, and provides a novel gasification burner, a gasification furnace and a gasification method.

The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a gasification burner, wherein a slurry channel of the gasification burner is internally provided with a bubble generator, the bubble generator comprises a gas chamber, the side wall and the bottom wall of the gas chamber are uniformly provided with Venturi tube type opening structures, the opening structures are sequentially provided with a gas inlet, a throat part and a gas outlet along the direction from the inner wall to the outer wall of the bubble generator, the contraction angle of the gas inlet of the opening structure is 110-160 degrees, the inner diameter of the throat part of the opening structure is d, d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 3.5mm, and the expansion angle of the gas outlet of the opening structure is 60-100 degrees; the distance between the bottom wall of the gas chamber and the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 15-300 mm.

In the gasification burner, the bubble generator is used for introducing gas which does not react with the slurry in the slurry channel into the slurry channel, and the gas can be one or more of synthesis gas, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

In the gasification burner, the axis of the bubble generator preferably coincides with the axis of the slurry channel.

In the gasification burner, preferably, the inner diameter d of the throat of the open pore structure is 0.5-3.5 mm.

In the gasification burner, preferably, the distance from the bottom wall of the gas chamber to the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 90-110mm, for example, 100 mm.

In the gasification burner, preferably, the inner diameters of throats of the opening structures formed in the side wall of the gas chamber are sequentially increased along a direction from the top to the bottom of the gas chamber. More preferably, the magnification is 1.01-1.1, and may be, for example, 1.05.

In the gasification burner, the distance between two adjacent opening structures arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber is preferably less than 30mm, more preferably 15-30mm, and even more preferably 20-30mm, and the distance refers to the distance between the axes of two adjacent opening structures arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber.

In the gasification burner, the distance between two adjacent opening structures arranged on the bottom wall of the gas chamber is preferably less than 30mm, more preferably 5-30mm, and even more preferably 20-30mm, and the distance refers to the distance between the axes of two adjacent opening structures arranged on the bottom wall of the gas chamber.

In the gasification burner, the burner body of the gasification burner can be a three-channel burner or a four-channel burner in the prior art.

When the burner is a three-channel burner, the burner main body sequentially comprises a first gasifying agent channel, a first slurry channel and a second gasifying agent channel from inside to outside, and at the moment, the bubble generator is arranged in the first slurry channel.

Wherein, the gasifying agent in the first gasifying agent channel can be the gasifying agent which is conventionally used in the field, and can be one or more of steam, air, oxygen-enriched air and pure oxygen.

The first slurry channel is used for introducing slurry containing organic matters into the gasification furnace, the slurry containing the organic matters is generally prepared by mixing liquid and solid particles, wherein the solid is one or more of coal, coke, biomass, domestic sludge, oily sludge and solid organic waste, and the liquid is one or more of water, oil and production and domestic waste liquid (the production and domestic waste liquid comprises but is not limited to domestic sewage, paper-making waste liquid and starch waste water). The first slurry passage may be used to pass the coal water slurry into the gasifier.

The gasification agent in the second gasification agent channel can be a gasification agent which is conventionally used in the field, and can be one or more of steam, air, oxygen-enriched air and pure oxygen.

Wherein, preferably, the external contraction angle alpha of the central spray head surrounding the first gasifying agent channel is 60-80 degrees, the external contraction angle beta of the inner ring spray head surrounding the first slurry channel is 50-70 degrees, the external contraction angle gamma of the middle ring spray head surrounding the second gasifying agent channel is 40-60 degrees, and alpha is more than beta and gamma. The outer contraction angle of the central nozzle refers to an included angle between the inner wall surface of the central nozzle and the outlet end surface of the central nozzle; the outer contraction angle of the inner ring nozzle refers to an included angle between the inner wall surface of the inner ring nozzle and the outlet end surface of the inner ring nozzle; the external contraction angle of the middle ring spray head refers to an included angle between the inner wall surface of the middle ring spray head and the outlet end surface of the middle ring spray head.

When the burner is a four-channel burner, the burner main body further comprises a second slurry channel arranged on the outer side of the second gasifying agent channel on the basis of the three-channel burner, and at the moment, the bubble generator is arranged in the first slurry channel and/or the second slurry channel.

Wherein the definition of the kind of slurry in the second slurry channel is the same as the definition of the kind of slurry in the first slurry channel.

The outer contraction angle theta of the outer ring spray nozzle which surrounds the second slurry channel can be 30-60 degrees, and the outer contraction angle of the outer ring spray nozzle refers to an included angle between the inner wall surface of the outer ring spray nozzle and the outlet end surface of the outer ring spray nozzle.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the contraction angle of the air inlet of the open pore structure is 110-160 °, the inner diameters of the throats of the open pore structure are 0.6-3.5mm, and the divergence angle of the air outlet of the open pore structure is 60-100 °; the distance between the bottom wall of the gas chamber and the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 100-300 mm; the distance between every two adjacent open pore structures arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber is 15-30 mm; the distance between two adjacent open pore structures arranged on the bottom wall of the gas chamber is 5-30 mm; the external contraction angle alpha of the central nozzle which surrounds the first gasifying agent channel is 60-80 degrees, the external contraction angle beta of the inner ring nozzle which surrounds the first slurry channel is 50-70 degrees, and the external contraction angle gamma of the middle ring nozzle which surrounds the second gasifying agent channel is 40-60 degrees. Wherein the outer contraction angle theta of the outer ring spray head surrounding the second slurry channel is preferably 30-55 deg.

In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the contraction angle of the inlet port of the open-cell structure is 160 °, the inner diameters of the throat portions of the open-cell structures located at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are 0.6mm and 0.8mm, respectively, and the divergence angle of the outlet port of the open-cell structure is 60 °; the distance between the bottom wall of the gas chamber and the bottom surface of the outlet of the gasification burner is 100 mm; the inner diameter of the throat part of the open pore structure arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber is sequentially increased along the direction from the top to the bottom of the gas chamber, and the magnification is 1.05; the distance between every two adjacent open pore structures arranged on the side wall of the gas chamber is 20 mm; the distance between every two adjacent open pore structures arranged on the bottom wall of the gas chamber is 20 mm; the outer contraction angle alpha of the central nozzle which surrounds the first gasifying agent channel is 75 degrees, the outer contraction angle beta of the inner ring nozzle which surrounds the first slurry channel is 70 degrees, the outer contraction angle gamma of the middle ring nozzle which surrounds the second gasifying agent channel is 60 degrees, and the outer contraction angle theta of the outer ring nozzle which surrounds the second slurry channel is 55 degrees.

The invention also provides a gasification furnace which is provided with the gasification burner.

In the gasification furnace, preferably, the gasification burner is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace, the bottom of the gasification furnace is provided with a liquid slag outlet, and the side wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a synthesis gas outlet.

When the gas used in the bubble generator is synthesis gas, a synthesis gas branch leading to the gas chamber is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the synthesis gas.

The invention also provides a gasification method, which is carried out in the gasification furnace, and the gasification method comprises the following steps: the ratio of the volume flow of the gas introduced into the bubble generator to the total volume flow of the gasifying agent introduced into the gasification burner is 1-20%.

In the gasification method, when the gasification burner is the three-channel burner or the four-channel burner, the outlet velocity of the gasification agent in the first gasification agent channel may be an outlet velocity conventional in the art, and may be, for example, 60 to 160 m/s.

In the above gasification process, the exit velocity of the slurry in the slurry channel may be an exit velocity conventional in the art, and may for example be 1-12m/s, and may for example be 6 m/s.

When the gasification burner is the three-channel burner, the slurry channel refers to the first slurry channel.

When the gasification burner is the four-channel burner, the slurry channel is internally provided with the first slurry channel and the second slurry channel. That is, the exit velocity of the slurry in the first slurry channel may be an exit velocity conventional in the art, e.g. may be 1-12m/s, e.g. may be 6 m/s. The exit velocity of the slurry in the second slurry channel may be an exit velocity conventional in the art, for example may be 1-12m/s, for example may be 6 m/s.

In the gasification method, when the gasification burner is the three-channel burner or the four-channel burner, the outlet velocity of the gasification agent in the second gasification agent channel may be an outlet velocity conventional in the art, and may be, for example, 60 to 160 m/s.

In the above gasification method, when the gasification burner is the four-channel burner, preferably, the ratio of the volume flow rate of the gas introduced into the bubble generator to the total volume flow rate of the gasification agent introduced into the gasification burner is 1%, the gasification agent in the first gasification agent channel is pure oxygen, the slurry in the first slurry channel is coal water slurry with the mass fraction of 59 wt%, the gasification agent in the second gasification agent channel is pure oxygen, the slurry in the second slurry channel is coal water slurry with the mass fraction of 59 wt%, the gas in the bubble generator is synthesis gas, the outlet velocity of the gasifying agent in the first gasifying agent channel is 160m/s, the outlet velocity of the slurry in the first slurry channel is 12m/s, the outlet velocity of the gasifying agent in the second gasifying agent channel is 160m/s, and the outlet velocity of the slurry in the second slurry channel is 1 m/s.

In the present invention, the magnification refers to the ratio of the inner diameter of the throat portion of the open-cell structure of the lower layer to the inner diameter of the throat portion of the open-cell structure of the upper layer immediately adjacent thereto.

On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.

The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.

The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: according to the gasification burner, the bubble generator is arranged in the slurry channel, a large number of small bubbles are doped, and the instability of the slurry is enhanced, so that the cracking and the atomization of the slurry are promoted, and the atomization effect and the gasification efficiency of the gasification burner are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a gasification burner of example 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gasification burner of example 2;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a gasification burner of example 3;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a gasification furnace according to examples 1 to 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the open pore structure of the gasification burner of examples 1-3;

fig. 6 is a layout of the opening structure provided on the side wall of the gas chamber of the gasification burner of examples 1 and 2.

Description of reference numerals:

first gasifying agent passage 10

First slurry channel 20

Second gasifying agent channel 30

Second slurry channel 40

Bubble generator 50

Open pore structure 51

Throat 511

Center nozzle 60

Inner ring spray head 70

Middle ring nozzle 80

Outer ring spray head 90

Syngas outlet 100

Syngas branch 110

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.

In the following embodiments, the external contraction angle α of the central nozzle refers to an included angle between an inner wall surface of the central nozzle and an outlet end surface of the central nozzle; the outer contraction angle beta of the inner ring sprinkler refers to an included angle between the inner wall surface of the inner ring sprinkler and the outlet end surface of the inner ring sprinkler; the external contraction angle gamma of the middle ring spray head refers to an included angle between the inner wall surface of the middle ring spray head and the outlet end surface of the middle ring spray head; the external contraction angle theta of the outer ring spray head refers to an included angle between the inner wall surface of the outer ring spray head and the outlet end surface of the outer ring spray head.

In the following examples, the magnification refers to the ratio of the inner diameter of the throat portion of the open-cell structure of the lower layer to the inner diameter of the throat portion of the open-cell structure of the upper layer immediately adjacent thereto.