阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于高冲击地压的软围岩巷道维护工艺及设备 (Soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process and equipment suitable for high rock burst ) 是由 李明远 郑庆学 胡长岭 张景玉 王满 张建国 曹淑良 于 2021-07-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明所述的一种适用于高冲击地压的软围岩巷道维护工艺及设备,通过软围岩的巷道维护工艺减少强韧封层承受的应力,避免深部岩体的应力全部堆积在浅表岩体,将传递向浅表岩体的应力分走部分,使强韧封层对巷道起到更长时间的保护,由于强韧封层中混凝土的强度远大于泄压腔,使岩体深处的应力大部分被传递到泄压腔,减少了强韧封层承受的压力,使巷道不易变形,通过设置的抓取机构可将泄压腔内不同规格的矸石取出,不会造成炮眼堵塞,当抓取的矸石的重量超过电动滑台的承重,电磁铁通电,产生的磁场与磁铁块的磁场相斥,使圆形击块快速弹出,圆形击块将抓取的矸石击碎落回泄压腔,通过复位弹簧使磁铁块和圆形击块复位,磁铁块与电磁铁吸附固定。(The invention relates to a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process and equipment suitable for high rock burst, which reduce the stress borne by a tough seal layer through the roadway maintenance process of soft surrounding rock, avoid the stress of a deep rock mass from being totally accumulated on a superficial rock mass, divide the stress transmitted to the superficial rock mass into parts, ensure that the tough seal layer protects the roadway for a longer time, because the strength of concrete in the tough seal layer is far greater than that of a pressure release cavity, ensure that most of the stress in the deep rock mass is transmitted to the pressure release cavity, reduce the pressure borne by the tough seal layer, ensure that the roadway is not easy to deform, can take out waste rocks with different specifications in the pressure release cavity through an arranged grabbing mechanism, cannot cause blast hole blockage, when the weight of the grabbed waste rocks exceeds the bearing capacity of an electric sliding table, and an electromagnet is electrified, a generated magnetic field repels with the magnetic field of a magnet block, ensure that a round impact block is quickly popped, and the grabbed waste rocks fall back to the pressure release cavity, the magnet block and the circular impact block are reset through the reset spring, and the magnet block and the electromagnet are fixed in an adsorption mode.)

1. A soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process suitable for high rock burst is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

a: after a tunnel is excavated in the rock mass, a strength and toughness seal layer with the thickness of 3m is constructed on the inner wall of the tunnel, the strength and toughness seal layer and the superficial rock mass are combined into a whole, and at the moment, the pressure in the deep part of the rock mass reaches the superficial rock mass and is absorbed by the strength and toughness seal layer in a state of small deformation and stores part of the pressure in the deep part;

b: the blast hole is drilled in the rock body through the tough sealing layer, a proper amount of explosive is placed at the bottom of the blast hole, the blast hole is blasted out of the pressure relief cavity, partial stress in the deep part of the rock body is released through blasting, and the gangue blasted out of the pressure relief cavity is taken out by using a grabbing mechanism;

c: stress transmission to the pressure release chamber of rock mass depths makes the rock mass breakage around the pressure release chamber, produces a large amount of waste rocks, regularly detects the space of pressure release intracavity through distance sensor, after the diameter in pressure release chamber is less than 20cm, uses to snatch the mechanism and takes out the accumulational waste rock in the pressure release intracavity.

2. The maintenance process of the soft surrounding rock roadway suitable for the high rock burst according to claim 1, characterized in that: and D, setting the depth of the blast hole in the step B to be 10m, and positioning the pressure relief cavity at the left side and the right side of the roadway.

3. The utility model provides a soft country rock tunnel maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst which characterized in that: the device comprises an electric sliding table arranged in a gun eye, wherein a sliding plate is arranged at the top of the electric sliding table and slides on the electric sliding table, a connecting rod and a baffle are arranged on the upper surface of the sliding plate, the baffle is positioned at one side close to a pressure relief cavity, a first electric telescopic rod is fixed at the top of the connecting rod, a grabbing mechanism is arranged at one end, close to the pressure relief cavity, of the first electric telescopic rod, a steering knuckle is arranged between the first electric telescopic rod and the grabbing mechanism, the grabbing mechanism comprises an installation block and clamping jaws, the clamping jaws are arranged on the installation block, the two clamping jaws grab gangue through moving towards the middle, a cavity and a placing cavity are arranged in the installation block, the two placing cavities are positioned at two sides of the cavity, a gap is arranged between the cavity and the placing cavity, an electromagnet is arranged at the tail end of the cavity, and a magnet block is arranged in the cavity, the inside of placing the chamber has reset spring, the connecting block is all installed to the both sides of magnet piece, two the connecting block all penetrates and places the chamber and be connected fixedly with reset spring, when the connecting block uses at the cavity with place the chamber and slide, the circular piece of hitting is installed to one side of keeping away from the electro-magnet of magnet piece.

4. The soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst according to claim 3, wherein: the utility model discloses a pressure release cavity, including installation piece, gravity sensor and controller, the internally mounted of installation piece has gravity sensor and controller, distance sensor is all installed to the upper and lower both sides of installation piece, gravity sensor is used for detecting the waste rock weight that snatchs, whether the controller is overweight or too big according to the distance data between gravity sensor and two clamping jaws, distance sensor is used for the diameter of periodic measurement pressure release intracavity.

5. The soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst according to claim 3, wherein: four the baffle encloses into the rectangle and is used for preventing the waste rock that snatchs from dropping into the big gun eye, the throwing in mouth has been seted up to the sliding plate of baffle below, throwing in mouth department is equipped with the control panel and is used for controlling it to open or close, every the below that is located tunnel one side of big gun eye all is provided with the waste rock and collects the bag, the waste rock is collected the bag and is fixed on strong back seal, be equipped with the bull stick between sliding plate and electronic slip table, the sliding plate slides out the big gun eye after snatching the waste rock and rotates and make and throw in the mouth and be located the waste rock and collect the bag directly over.

6. The soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst according to claim 3, wherein: the both sides of electric sliding table all are equipped with second electric telescopic handle, electric sliding table stretches out through a plurality of electric telescopic handle in both sides and fixes in the big gun eye.

7. The soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: the use steps are as follows:

1): the explosive is installed through the blast hole, after the pressure relief cavity is exploded in the rock mass, the electric sliding table is placed into the blast hole, and the second electric telescopic rod is controlled to extend out, so that the electric sliding table is fixed in the blast hole;

2): the electric sliding table drives the sliding plate to slide through driving the sliding plate, the grabbing mechanism is moved to the pressure relief cavity, the angle of the grabbing mechanism is changed through the extension length of the first electric telescopic rod and the adjustment steering knuckle, the grabbing mechanism is moved to a gangue position, the clamping jaw is controlled to tighten and grab gangue, when the weight of the grabbed gangue does not exceed the bearing of the electric sliding table, the size of the gangue does not exceed the diameter of a blast hole, the electric sliding table drives the sliding plate to slide out of the blast hole, the sliding plate rotates to enable the throwing port to be located right above a gangue collecting bag, the control plate at the throwing port is opened, and the gangue is loosened by the clamping jaw and falls into the gangue collecting bag through the throwing port;

3): when the weight of the grabbed waste rock exceeds the bearing of the electric sliding table, the electromagnet is electrified, the generated magnetic field is repelled with the magnetic field of the magnet block, so that the circular impact block is quickly popped up, the grabbed waste rock is crushed by the circular impact block and falls back to the pressure relief cavity, the electromagnet is powered off, the magnet block and the round impact block are reset through the reset spring, the magnet block and the electromagnet are fixed in an adsorption way, when the size of the captured gangue exceeds the diameter of the blast hole, the first electric telescopic rod is retracted to enable the gangue to be located right above the baffle plate, the circular hitting block is used for hitting the gangue, the broken gangue falls into a rectangle enclosed by the baffle plate, the electric sliding table drives the sliding plate to slide out of the blast hole, the sliding plate rotates to enable the throwing port to be located right above the gangue collecting bag, the control plate at the throwing port is opened, the gangue in the baffle plate passes through the throwing port to fall into the gangue collecting bag, the steps are repeated to take out the gangue in the pressure relief cavity, and the gangue in the gangue collecting bag is cleaned in time;

4): regularly start electronic slip table, will snatch distance sensor on the mechanism and send into the pressure release intracavity, detect the residual space in the pressure release intracavity through distance sensor, receive the extrusion of stress when the pressure release chamber and lead to the rock mass broken, the waste rock is piled up and is made the space diameter less than 20cm after, uses to snatch the mechanism and take out the waste rock according to above-mentioned step.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway support, in particular to a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process and equipment suitable for high rock burst.

Background

The high-strength support type supporting mode and the heavy U-steel supporting mode are frequently adopted in the supporting, when surrounding rocks are pressed, pressure is directly applied to the support within a short time, so that the support bears huge pressure within a short time, after the pressure exceeds the limit resistance of the support, the support can be damaged due to fatigue, the heavy U-steel supporting mode only strongly supports the surrounding rocks at the initial stage, the rock mass of the surrounding rocks cannot be fully prevented from being crushed and expanded, the internal stress of the crushed and extremely expanded surrounding rocks at the superficial part is almost zero, the high-strength rigid support is difficult to resist the high stress at the deep part, and the supporting body can be disintegrated; in order to relieve and reduce the stress difference between the shallow surrounding rock and the deep surrounding rock, a pressure retention grouting technology is commonly adopted, a special grouting device is used, high grouting pressure is utilized, grout with pressure is retained in the shallow surrounding rock, the prestress of the surrounding rock is improved, the stress difference between the shallow surrounding rock and the deep surrounding rock is reduced, high stress of the deep surrounding rock is greatly reduced relative to the internal stress potential energy of the shallow surrounding rock, after the stress difference between the shallow surrounding rock and the deep surrounding rock of a roadway is reduced, the stress transmission speed is obviously reduced, the time for the deep pressure of the surrounding rock to reach the shallow surrounding rock is prolonged due to the reduction of the stress transmission speed, the impact force of the same energy is obviously reduced due to the reduction of the speed, the energy of the deep surrounding rock is relatively slowly acted on the shallow surrounding rock, and the sealing layer can absorb and store a part of pressure under the state of small deformation due to the action of a flexible elastomer, the deformation time of the roadway can be delayed, although the deformation time of the roadway is delayed by the supporting method, stress is still accumulated on the superficial surrounding rock, and the roadway can be more strongly damaged after the bearing limit is reached.

Therefore, the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process and equipment suitable for high rock burst are provided, the stress borne by the strong and tough sealing layer is reduced through the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process, the stress of deep surrounding rock is prevented from being completely accumulated on superficial surrounding rock, the stress transmitted to the superficial surrounding rock is divided into parts, and the strong and tough sealing layer can protect the roadway for a longer time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process suitable for high rock burst and soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process suitable for high rock burst comprises the following steps:

a: after a tunnel is excavated in the rock mass, a strength and toughness seal layer with the thickness of 3m is constructed on the inner wall of the tunnel, the strength and toughness seal layer and the superficial rock mass are combined into a whole, and at the moment, the pressure in the deep part of the rock mass reaches the superficial rock mass and is absorbed by the strength and toughness seal layer in a state of small deformation and stores part of the pressure in the deep part;

b: the blast hole is drilled in the rock body through the tough sealing layer, a proper amount of explosive is placed at the bottom of the blast hole, the blast hole is blasted out of the pressure relief cavity, partial stress in the deep part of the rock body is released through blasting, and the gangue blasted out of the pressure relief cavity is taken out by using a grabbing mechanism;

c: stress transmission to the pressure release chamber of rock mass depths makes the rock mass breakage around the pressure release chamber, produces a large amount of waste rocks, regularly detects the space of pressure release intracavity through distance sensor, after the diameter in pressure release chamber is less than 20cm, uses to snatch the mechanism and takes out the accumulational waste rock in the pressure release intracavity.

The invention has the further improvement that the depth of the blast hole in the step B is 10m, and the pressure relief cavities are positioned on the left side and the right side of the roadway.

The invention further improves the equipment, which is suitable for the maintenance of the soft surrounding rock roadway with high rock burst, and comprises an electric sliding table arranged in a blast hole, wherein a sliding plate is arranged at the top of the electric sliding table, the sliding plate slides on the electric sliding table, the upper surface of the sliding plate is provided with a connecting rod and a baffle plate, the baffle plate is positioned at one side close to a pressure relief cavity, a first electric telescopic rod is fixed at the top of the connecting rod, one end of the first electric telescopic rod, which is close to the pressure relief cavity, is provided with a grabbing mechanism, a steering knuckle is arranged between the first electric telescopic rod and the grabbing mechanism, the grabbing mechanism comprises an installation block and a clamping jaw, the clamping jaw is arranged on the installation block, the two clamping jaws grab gangue by moving towards the middle, a cavity and a placing cavity are arranged in the installation block, the two placing cavities are positioned at two sides of the cavity, and a gap is arranged between the cavity and the placing cavity, the electro-magnet is installed to the tail end of cavity, the inside of cavity is provided with the magnet piece, the internally mounted who places the chamber has reset spring, the connecting block is all installed to the both sides of magnet piece, two the connecting block all penetrates and places the chamber and be connected fixedly with reset spring, when the connecting block uses at the cavity with place the chamber and slide, the circular piece of hitting is installed to one side of keeping away from the electro-magnet of magnet piece.

The invention is further improved in that a gravity sensor and a controller are installed in the installation block, distance sensors are installed on the upper side and the lower side of the installation block, the gravity sensor is used for detecting the weight of the grabbed gangue, the controller determines whether the gangue is overweight or overlarge according to distance data between the gravity sensor and the two clamping jaws, and the distance sensors are used for periodically measuring the diameter in the pressure release cavity.

The invention is further improved in that four baffles form a rectangle to prevent the grabbed gangue from falling into the blast holes, a throwing port is formed in a sliding plate below the baffles, a control plate is arranged at the throwing port to control the throwing port to be opened or closed, a gangue collecting bag is arranged below one side of a roadway of each blast hole, the gangue collecting bags are fixed on a tough sealing layer, a rotating rod is arranged between the sliding plate and an electric sliding table, and the sliding plate slides out of the blast holes after grabbing the gangue and rotates to enable the throwing port to be located right above the gangue collecting bags.

The invention has the further improvement that the two sides of the electric sliding table are respectively provided with a second electric telescopic rod, and the electric sliding table is fixed in the gun hole by extending out of a plurality of second electric telescopic rods at the two sides.

The further improvement of the invention is that the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst comprises the following use steps:

1): the explosive is installed through the blast hole, after the pressure relief cavity is exploded in the rock mass, the electric sliding table is placed into the blast hole, and the second electric telescopic rod is controlled to extend out, so that the electric sliding table is fixed in the blast hole;

2): the electric sliding table drives the sliding plate to slide through driving the sliding plate, the grabbing mechanism is moved to the pressure relief cavity, the angle of the grabbing mechanism is changed through the extension length of the first electric telescopic rod and the adjustment steering knuckle, the grabbing mechanism is moved to a gangue position, the clamping jaw is controlled to tighten and grab gangue, when the weight of the grabbed gangue does not exceed the bearing of the electric sliding table, the size of the gangue does not exceed the diameter of a blast hole, the electric sliding table drives the sliding plate to slide out of the blast hole, the sliding plate rotates to enable the throwing port to be located right above a gangue collecting bag, the control plate at the throwing port is opened, and the gangue is loosened by the clamping jaw and falls into the gangue collecting bag through the throwing port;

3): when the weight of the grabbed waste rock exceeds the bearing of the electric sliding table, the electromagnet is electrified, the generated magnetic field is repelled with the magnetic field of the magnet block, so that the circular impact block is quickly popped up, the grabbed waste rock is crushed by the circular impact block and falls back to the pressure relief cavity, the electromagnet is powered off, the magnet block and the round impact block are reset through the reset spring, the magnet block and the electromagnet are fixed in an adsorption way, when the size of the captured gangue exceeds the diameter of the blast hole, the first electric telescopic rod is retracted to enable the gangue to be located right above the baffle plate, the circular hitting block is used for hitting the gangue, the broken gangue falls into a rectangle enclosed by the baffle plate, the electric sliding table drives the sliding plate to slide out of the blast hole, the sliding plate rotates to enable the throwing port to be located right above the gangue collecting bag, the control plate at the throwing port is opened, the gangue in the baffle plate passes through the throwing port to fall into the gangue collecting bag, the steps are repeated to take out the gangue in the pressure relief cavity, and the gangue in the gangue collecting bag is cleaned in time;

4): regularly start electronic slip table, will snatch distance sensor on the mechanism and send into the pressure release intracavity, detect the residual space in the pressure release intracavity through distance sensor, receive the extrusion of stress when the pressure release chamber and lead to the rock mass broken, the waste rock is piled up and is made the space diameter less than 20cm after, uses to snatch the mechanism and take out the waste rock according to above-mentioned step.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the roadway maintenance process of the soft surrounding rock is used for reducing the stress borne by the tough sealing layer, the stress of a deep rock body is prevented from being totally accumulated on a superficial rock body, the stress transmitted to the superficial rock body is divided into parts, so that the tough sealing layer can protect the roadway for a longer time, and most of the stress in the deep rock body is transmitted to the pressure relief cavity due to the fact that the strength of concrete in the tough sealing layer is far greater than that of the pressure relief cavity, so that the pressure borne by the tough sealing layer is reduced, and the roadway is not easy to deform;

2. the waste rocks with different specifications in the pressure release cavity can be taken out through the arranged grabbing mechanism, the blast hole cannot be blocked, when the weight of the grabbed waste rocks exceeds the bearing of the electric sliding table, the electromagnet is electrified, the generated magnetic field is repelled with the magnetic field of the magnet block, the circular impact block is quickly popped out, the grabbed waste rocks are smashed by the circular impact block and fall back to the pressure release cavity, the electromagnet is powered off, the magnet block and the circular impact block are reset through the reset spring, the magnet block and the electromagnet are fixedly adsorbed, when the size of the grabbed waste rocks exceeds the diameter of the blast hole, the first electric telescopic rod is retracted to enable the waste rocks to be positioned right above the baffle plate, the waste rocks are smashed by the circular impact block, the broken waste rocks fall into a rectangle enclosed by the baffle plate, the electric sliding table drives the sliding plate to slide out of the blast hole, the sliding plate rotates to enable the throwing port to be positioned right above the waste rock collection bag, the control plate at the throwing port is opened, the waste rocks in the baffle plate pass through the throwing port and fall into the throwing bag, and repeating the steps to take out the waste rock in the pressure relief cavity, and timely cleaning the waste rock in the waste rock collection bag.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process suitable for high rock burst.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of roadway stress before use of the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process and equipment suitable for high rock burst.

Fig. 3 is a roadway stress schematic diagram of the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process and equipment suitable for high rock burst after use.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst in surrounding rocks.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a in fig. 4 of the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance device suitable for high rock burst according to the invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a grabbing mechanism of the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst.

Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a part of the structure of the soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance equipment suitable for high rock burst.

In the figure: 1. a roadway; 2. a rock mass; 3. a strong and tough sealing layer; 4. carrying out blast hole drilling; 5. a pressure relief cavity; 6. an electric sliding table; 7. a gangue collection bag; 8. a sliding plate; 9. a connecting rod; 10. a first electric telescopic rod; 11. a grabbing mechanism; 12. a baffle plate; 13. mounting blocks; 14. a clamping jaw; 15. a cavity; 16. an electromagnet; 17. a magnet block; 18. a placement chamber; 19. a return spring; 20. connecting blocks; 21. a circular impact block; 22. a distance sensor; 23. a gravity sensor; 24. a controller; 25. a second electric telescopic rod; 26. and (4) putting in the opening.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process suitable for high rock burst comprises the following steps:

a: after a tunnel (1) at the inner part of the rock mass (2) is excavated, a strength and toughness seal layer (3) with the thickness of 3m is constructed on the inner wall of the tunnel (1), the strength and toughness seal layer (3) and the superficial rock mass (2) are combined into a whole, and at the moment, after the pressure at the deep part of the rock mass (2) reaches the superficial rock mass (2), the strength and toughness seal layer (3) can absorb and store a part of pressure from the deep part in a state of small deformation;

b: the blast hole (4) is punched in the rock body (2) through the tough sealing layer (3), a proper amount of explosive is put into the bottom of the blast hole (4), the pressure relief cavity (5) is blasted out, partial stress in the deep part of the rock body (2) is released through blasting, and the gangue blasted in the pressure relief cavity (5) is taken out by using a grabbing mechanism (11), so that most of the stress in the deep part of the rock body (2) is transferred to the pressure relief cavity (5) due to the fact that the strength of concrete in the tough sealing layer (3) is far greater than that of the pressure relief cavity (5), the pressure born by the tough sealing layer (3) is reduced, the roadway (1) is not easy to deform, and when the rock body (2) is soft rock, the pressure relief cavity (5) with the diameter of 1m needs to be blasted out;

c: stress transmission to pressure release chamber (5) of rock mass (2) depths makes rock mass (2) breakage around pressure release chamber (5), produces a large amount of waste rocks, regularly detects the space in pressure release chamber (5) through distance sensor (22), after the diameter of pressure release chamber (5) is less than 20cm, use to snatch mechanism (11) and take out the accumulational waste rocks in pressure release chamber (5), when rock mass (2) is soft rock, detect the diameter of once pressure release chamber (5) through distance sensor (22) every month.

The depth of each blast hole (4) in the step B is 10m, the pressure relief cavities (5) are located on the left side and the right side of the roadway (1), the weak part of the roadway (1) bearing stress is located on two sides, the top of the roadway (1) has larger structural strength for an arch, and the deep part of the stress above the roadway (1) has a part which can also be transmitted to the pressure relief cavities (5) on the two sides of the roadway (1), the pressure relief cavities (5) are only required to be arranged on the two sides of the roadway (1), and when the rock mass (2) is soft rock, the distance between every two adjacent blast holes (4) is 70 m.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process suitable for high rock burst comprises the following steps:

a: after a tunnel (1) at the inner part of the rock mass (2) is excavated, a strength and toughness seal layer (3) with the thickness of 3m is constructed on the inner wall of the tunnel (1), the strength and toughness seal layer (3) and the superficial rock mass (2) are combined into a whole, and at the moment, after the pressure at the deep part of the rock mass (2) reaches the superficial rock mass (2), the strength and toughness seal layer (3) can absorb and store a part of pressure from the deep part in a state of small deformation;

b: the blast hole (4) is punched in the rock body (2) after penetrating through the tough sealing layer (3), a proper amount of explosive is put into the bottom of the blast hole (4), the pressure relief cavity (5) is blasted out, partial stress in the deep part of the rock body (2) is released through blasting, and the gangue blasted in the pressure relief cavity (5) is taken out by using a grabbing mechanism (11), so that most of the stress in the deep part of the rock body (2) is transferred to the pressure relief cavity (5) due to the fact that the strength of concrete in the tough sealing layer (3) is far greater than that of the pressure relief cavity (5), the pressure born by the tough sealing layer (3) is reduced, the roadway (1) is not easy to deform, and when the rock body (2) is extremely soft rock, the pressure relief cavity (5) with the diameter of 1.5m needs to be blasted out;

c: stress in the deep part of the rock body (2) is transmitted to the pressure relief cavity (5), the rock body (2) around the pressure relief cavity (5) is broken to generate a large amount of waste rocks, the space in the pressure relief cavity (5) is detected by the distance sensor (22) regularly, when the diameter of the pressure relief cavity (5) is smaller than 20cm, the waste rocks accumulated in the pressure relief cavity (5) are taken out by using the grabbing mechanism (11), and when the rock body (2) is extremely soft rock, the diameter of the pressure relief cavity (5) is detected by the distance sensor (22) every 20 days.

The depth of each blast hole (4) in the step B is 10m, the pressure relief cavities (5) are located on the left side and the right side of the roadway (1), the weak part of the roadway (1) bearing stress is located on two sides, the top of the roadway (1) has larger structural strength for an arch, the deep part of the stress above the roadway (1) has a part of pressure relief cavities (5) which can also be transmitted to the two sides of the roadway (1), the pressure relief cavities (5) are only required to be arranged on the two sides of the roadway (1), and when the rock mass (2) is extremely soft rock, the distance between every two adjacent blast holes (4) is 70 m.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 2-7, a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance device suitable for high rock burst comprises an electric sliding table (6) arranged in a blast hole (4), a sliding plate (8) is installed at the top of the electric sliding table (6), the sliding plate (8) slides on the electric sliding table (6), a connecting rod (9) and a baffle (12) are arranged on the upper surface of the sliding plate (8), the baffle (12) is positioned at one side close to a pressure relief cavity (5), a first electric telescopic rod (10) is fixed at the top of the connecting rod (9), a grabbing mechanism (11) is installed at one end, close to the pressure relief cavity (5), of the first electric telescopic rod (10), a steering knuckle is arranged between the first electric telescopic rod (10) and the grabbing mechanism (11), the grabbing mechanism (11) comprises an installation block (13) and clamping jaws (14), the clamping jaws (14) are arranged on the installation block (13), and the two clamping jaws (14) grab gangue by moving towards the middle, install cavity (15) and place chamber (18) have been seted up to the inside of piece (13), two both sides that place chamber (18) and be located cavity (15), and cavity (15) and place chamber (18) and open between and be equipped with the space, electro-magnet (16) are installed to the tail end of cavity (15), the inside of cavity (15) is provided with magnet piece (17), the internally mounted who places chamber (18) has reset spring (19), connecting block (20) are all installed to the both sides of magnet piece (17), two connecting block (20) all penetrate place chamber (18) and reset spring (19) and be connected fixedly, when connecting block (20) use slide between cavity (15) and place chamber (18), circular piece (21) of hitting is installed to the one side of keeping away from electro-magnet (16) of magnet piece (17).

The internal mounting of installation piece (13) has gravity sensor (23) and controller (24), and distance sensor (22) are all installed to the upper and lower both sides of installation piece (13), and gravity sensor (23) are used for detecting the waste rock weight of snatching, and whether the waste rock is overweight or too big is confirmed according to the distance data between gravity sensor (23) and two clamping jaws (14) in controller (24), and distance sensor (22) are used for regularly measuring the diameter in decompression chamber (5).

Four baffles (12) enclose into the rectangle and are used for preventing the waste rock that snatchs from dropping into big gun hole (4), put into mouthful (26) have been seted up in sliding plate (8) of baffle (12) below, put into mouthful (26) department and be equipped with the control panel and be used for controlling it to open or close, the below that is located tunnel (1) one side of every big gun hole (4) all is provided with waste rock collection bag (7), waste rock collection bag (7) are fixed on tough seal coat (3), be equipped with the bull stick between sliding plate (8) and electronic slip table (6), sliding plate (8) slide out big gun hole (4) and rotate and make and put into mouthful (26) and be located the waste rock collection bag (7) directly over after snatching the waste rock.

The two sides of the electric sliding table (6) are respectively provided with a second electric telescopic rod (25), and the electric sliding table (6) is stretched out and fixed in the blasthole (4) through a plurality of second electric telescopic rods (25) on the two sides.

By adopting the technical scheme: the waste rocks with different specifications in the pressure relief cavity (5) can be taken out through the arranged grabbing mechanism (11), the blast hole (4) cannot be blocked, when the weight of the grabbed waste rocks exceeds the bearing of the electric sliding table (6), the electromagnet (16) is electrified, the generated magnetic field is repelled with the magnetic field of the magnet block (17), the circular impact block (21) is quickly popped out, the grabbed waste rocks are smashed and fall back to the pressure relief cavity (5) through the circular impact block (21), the electromagnet (16) is powered off, the magnet block (17) and the circular impact block (21) are reset through the reset spring (19), the magnet block (17) and the electromagnet (16) are fixedly adsorbed, when the size of the grabbed waste rocks exceeds the diameter of the blast hole (4), the first electric telescopic rod (10) is retracted to enable the waste rocks to be positioned right above the baffle (12), the circular impact block (21) is used for smashing the waste rocks, the smashed waste rocks fall into the rectangular baffle (12), the electric sliding table (6) drives the sliding plate (8) to slide out of the blast hole (4), the sliding plate (8) rotates to enable the throwing port (26) to be located right above the gangue collecting bag (7), a control panel at the throwing port (26) is opened, gangue in the baffle (12) penetrates through the throwing port (26) to fall into the gangue collecting bag (7), the gangue in the pressure relief cavity (5) is taken out by repeating the steps, and the gangue in the gangue collecting bag (7) is timely cleaned.

The invention is needed to be described, the invention is a soft surrounding rock roadway maintenance process and equipment suitable for high impact ground pressure, firstly, after a roadway (1) at the inner part of a rock body (2) is excavated, a tough sealing layer (3) with the thickness of 3m is constructed on the inner wall of the roadway (1), the tough sealing layer (3) and a superficial rock body (2) are combined into a whole, at the moment, the pressure at the deep part of the rock body (2) reaches the superficial rock body (2), the tough sealing layer (3) can absorb and store a part of deep part of pressure in a state of small deformation, secondly, a blast hole (4) is punched in the rock body (2) through the tough sealing layer (3), a proper amount of explosive is put into the bottom of the blast hole (4), a pressure relief cavity (5) is blasted, partial stress at the deep part of the rock body (2) is released through blasting, the blast mechanism (11) is used for taking out the blasted rock in the pressure relief cavity (5), and the strength of concrete in the tough sealing layer (3) is far greater than that of the pressure relief cavity (5), make the stress of rock mass (2) depths most transmitted to pressure release chamber (5), the pressure that tenacious seal (3) bore has been reduced, make tunnel (1) non-deformable, and finally, the stress of rock mass (2) depths transmits pressure release chamber (5), make rock mass (2) breakage around pressure release chamber (5), produce a large amount of waste rocks, regularly detect the space in pressure release chamber (5) through distance sensor (22), after the diameter of pressure release chamber (5) is less than 20cm, use and snatch mechanism (11) and take out the accumulational waste rocks in pressure release chamber (5).