阅读说明：本技术 基于便携无人机摄影筛查的岩体露头测量方法 (Rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening ) 是由 霍亮 王贵宾 李亚伟 刘桓兑 林俊淇 于 2021-07-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：基于便携无人机摄影筛查的岩体露头测量方法,通过露头筛查和露头测量两个阶段,露头筛查包括：航区规划：确定岩体露头调查区域,将岩体露头调查区域划分为若干筛查区域,在筛查区域进行飞行航线规划并进行无人机航测区域飞行；数据处理：将无人机航测区域飞行获得的影像进行正射影像拼接,获得筛查区域的正射影像拼接图；露头筛查：根据停机坪大小标定比例尺,创建图层,标记道路和露头两个目标对象；露头测量包括：露头拍摄：根据露头的坐标标记点,采用无人机飞到预设高度拍摄露头全貌；露头测量：获取露头的无人机拍摄影像后,采用地理信息系统将露头进行数字化。本发明可以扩大筛查露头的面积、提高找到露头的效率,降低人员依赖和成本。(Rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photographic screening, through outcrop screening and outcrop measurement two stages, outcrop screening includes: planning a navigation area: determining a rock mass outcrop investigation region, dividing the rock mass outcrop investigation region into a plurality of screening regions, planning a flight line in the screening regions and carrying out aerial survey of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the region; data processing: carrying out orthoscopic image splicing on images obtained by flying in an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey area to obtain an orthoscopic image splicing picture of a screening area; outcrop screening: scaling a scale according to the size of the parking apron, creating a layer, and marking two target objects of a road and an outcrop; outcrop measurement includes: exposing for shooting: shooting the full view of the outcrop by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle flying to a preset height according to the coordinate marking points of the outcrop; exposure measurement: after the unmanned aerial vehicle who obtains the outcrop shoots the image, adopt geographic information system to digitize the outcrop. The invention can enlarge the screening outcrop area, improve the outcrop finding efficiency and reduce the personnel dependence and the cost.)

1. The rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening is characterized by comprising outcrop screening S1 and outcrop measurement S2;

the outcrop screening S1 includes:

s11, planning a navigation area: determining a rock mass outcrop investigation region, dividing the rock mass outcrop investigation region into a plurality of screening regions, planning flight routes in the screening regions and carrying out aerial survey region flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

s12, data processing: carrying out orthoscopic image splicing on images obtained by flying in an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey area to obtain an orthoscopic image splicing picture of the screening area;

s13, outcrop screening: adopting computer aided design software, calibrating a scale according to the size of the parking apron, creating a layer, and marking two target objects of a road and an outcrop;

the outcrop measurement S2 includes:

s21, outcrop shooting: carrying an unmanned aerial vehicle to arrive at a scene according to the coordinate mark points of the outcrop, and shooting the full view of the outcrop by adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to a preset height;

s22, outcrop measurement: after the unmanned aerial vehicle who obtains the outcrop shoots the image, adopt geographic information system to digitize the outcrop.

2. The rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening of claim 1, wherein in step S11, the screening area covers the investigation area by at least 90%.

3. The rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening of claim 1, wherein in step S11, the time period of flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey area is the noon time of a fine day.

4. The rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening of claim 3, wherein the position where the height, width and flatness meet the shutdown requirement is selected as the unmanned aerial vehicle landing point in the screening area.

5. The rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening of claim 4, wherein the apron is fixed at the unmanned aerial vehicle landing point and the Pix4Dmap is used for flight path planning.

6. The rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening of claim 1, wherein in step S13, a scale is calibrated according to the size of the apron by using CAD software;

the road and the outcrop are in different layers.

7. The rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening of claim 5, wherein after the target outcrop is selected, a measurement range is defined on CAD, marking is carried out by using a given color, and the area and the serial number are measured.

8. The rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening of claim 7, wherein a mark is marked on a Google earth or an Otto map as a basis for field survey measurement.

9. The rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening of claim 1, wherein in step S22, the outcrop is digitized by using ArcGIS software.

10. The rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photographic screening of claim 1, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle adopts Xintom 4Pro V2.0 Xin.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering investigation, in particular to a rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening.

Background

The outcrop is the part of the stratum and rock mass exposed on the ground surface. The outcrop joint is a geological interface with a certain thickness and a length of several centimeters to dozens of meters, and is a tectonic trace of a rock body after tectonic movement. The outcrop joint occurrence investigation has important significance for understanding the structure evolution of the regional rock mass and guiding the rock mass engineering practice.

Because the outcrop of the rock mass is randomly and widely distributed at different parts of the rock mass, the traditional outcrop survey needs to carry out field geological survey on a target area by using a satellite remote sensing picture, search the outcrop position in a carpet mode, select a good outcrop which is flat, fresh and large in outcrop area as a measuring point, and carry out measurement by adopting a comprehensive measuring line method. The joint survey by the comprehensive line measurement method divides joints into three types (direct intersection, extension intersection and perpendicular intersection) according to the relation between the joints and the line measurement, and measures each structural surface with the outcrop area larger than 30 cm.

The concrete operation method of the outcrop joint comprises the following steps: for each outcrop, firstly arranging a measuring line, wherein the reasonable arrangement of the measuring line needs to cover all joints of the main trend, then measuring the trend of the measuring line, recording a GPS coordinate value of a starting point of the measuring line, and measuring the outcrop area of the outcrop and the coordinate value of each inflection point by using a polygon method measuring module in a handheld GPS, so that the original recovery of the outcrop and the joint trace thereof can be realized at the later stage; secondly, measuring the inclination angle, the inclination and the length of each joint surface, and simultaneously recording the starting point position, the end point type, the opening degree, the filling condition and the like of a joint trace; and finally, numbering the outcrop with red paint, and measuring the inclination and the inclination of the outcrop, thereby completing one cycle of measuring the outcrop. The field survey content is uniformly recorded in a specification table. Data recorded outdoors are manually electronized through excel, and then statistical analysis is carried out.

According to the traditional method for investigating outcrop distribution, a reflective point (the outcrop is not covered by a cover and is usually reflected) on a Google Earth or a remote sensing satellite diagram is generally assumed to be the outcrop, a vehicle is driven to a nearby area (the field is usually incomplete), the vehicle is manually walked to reach a destination (safety considerations are taken into account, a remote area is directly abandoned), and the method is usually carried out without work, so that the investigation cost is high, and the outcrop finding efficiency is low.

In the traditional method for measuring the outcrop joints, measuring lines must be arranged, and the outcrop measurement range and the relative positions of different joints are determined. Then, the surveying personnel adopt a laser range finder and a geological compass to carry out surveying, and record data of the personnel. Because the measurement work is mainly carried out by people, the measurement work is inevitably influenced by factors such as working strength, time, safety and the like. In actual field measurement work, the overlarge outcrop measurement area is unsmooth in personnel communication and difficult to operate, and in order to improve the measurement efficiency, a half-track length measurement method is usually adopted manually, so that the joint length cannot be completely measured. The subsequent measurement personnel also need to electronically process the raw measurement data to carry out data processing.

The traditional outcrop survey method is based on field geological survey of measuring personnel, the traditional outcrop survey method is based on field measurement of each joint of the measuring personnel, labor cost is high, measurement efficiency is low, overall cost is high, a survey area is small, and measurement joints are few. Therefore, a new rock mass outcrop measurement technical scheme needs to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention provides a rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, which realizes low-cost and high-efficiency investigation of outcrop joint attitude field measurement, reduces the field working time of measuring personnel, and reduces the manual dependence of outcrop investigation.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening comprises outcrop screening S1 and outcrop measurement S2;

the outcrop screening S1 includes:

s11, planning a navigation area: determining a rock mass outcrop investigation region, dividing the rock mass outcrop investigation region into a plurality of screening regions, planning flight routes in the screening regions and carrying out aerial survey region flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

s12, data processing: carrying out orthoscopic image splicing on images obtained by flying in an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey area to obtain an orthoscopic image splicing picture of the screening area;

s13, outcrop screening: adopting computer aided design software, calibrating a scale according to the size of the parking apron, creating a layer, and marking two target objects of a road and an outcrop;

the outcrop measurement S2 includes:

s21, outcrop shooting: carrying an unmanned aerial vehicle to arrive at a scene according to the coordinate mark points of the outcrop, and shooting the full view of the outcrop by adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to a preset height;

s22, outcrop measurement: after the unmanned aerial vehicle who obtains the outcrop shoots the image, adopt geographic information system to digitize the outcrop.

As a preferable scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, in step S11, the screening area covers the investigation area by at least 90%.

As a preferable scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, in step S11, the flight time period of the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey area is the noon time of a fine day.

As an optimal scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, a position where the height, the width and the flatness meet the shutdown requirements is selected as an unmanned aerial vehicle landing point in the screening area.

As an optimal scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, an air park is fixed at a landing point of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and flight route planning is carried out by adopting a Pix4 Dmap.

As an optimal scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, in step S13, scaling is calibrated according to the size of the apron by adopting CAD software;

the road and the outcrop are in different layers.

As an optimal scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, after a target outcrop is selected, a measuring range is defined on a CAD, marking is carried out by using given colors, and the area and the serial number are measured and marked.

As an optimal scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photographic screening, marks are marked on a Google earth or an Otto map and used as the basis of field investigation and measurement.

As a preferred scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, in step S22, the outcrop is digitized by using ArcGIS software.

As a preferable scheme of the rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photographic screening, the unmanned aerial vehicle adopts Xinntom 4Pro V2.0 in Xinjiang.

The invention has the following advantages: through outcrop screening and outcrop measurement two stages, wherein the outcrop screening includes: planning a navigation area: determining a rock mass outcrop investigation region, dividing the rock mass outcrop investigation region into a plurality of screening regions, planning a flight line in the screening regions and carrying out aerial survey of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the region; data processing: carrying out orthoscopic image splicing on images obtained by flying in an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey area to obtain an orthoscopic image splicing picture of a screening area; outcrop screening: adopting computer aided design software, calibrating a scale according to the size of the parking apron, creating a layer, and marking two target objects of a road and an outcrop; outcrop measurement includes: exposing for shooting: carrying an unmanned aerial vehicle to arrive at a scene according to the coordinate mark points of the outcrop, and shooting the full view of the outcrop by adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to a preset height; exposure measurement: after the unmanned aerial vehicle who obtains the outcrop shoots the image, adopt geographic information system to digitize the outcrop. According to the invention, through the unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening, the sky eye replaces the human eye, so that on one hand, the screening outcrop area can be enlarged, the outcrop finding efficiency is improved, on the other hand, the personnel dependence is reduced, and the measurement cost is reduced; through unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, because the field of vision is broad, the spatial distribution of direct reflection outcrop joint can more effectively acquire trend, the trace length data of outcrop joint to direct electronization reduces field operation time and manual record time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a rock mass outcrop measuring method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening provided in the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 is a rock mass outcrop measurement technology roadmap based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a layout diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening area in rock mass outcrop measurement based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is an orthographic image splicing diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle in an outcrop screening area in rock outcrop measurement based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening in rock mass outcrop measurement based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is an unmanned aerial vehicle photography measurement diagram in rock mass outcrop measurement based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a digitized schematic diagram of ArcGIS in rock mass outcrop measurement based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The traditional aerial photography mainly adopts a large fixed wing aircraft, and due to the influences of airspace control, climate change and the like, the large fixed wing aircraft lacks maneuverability, has high flight use cost, and is not suitable for rock mass outcrop investigation with small measurement area and high resolution. Therefore, the Xinntom 4Pro V2.0 in Xinjiang is selected as the model for the photographic screening measurement, the model is simple to assemble and easy to operate, does not need to apply for airspace flight, does not need a special lifting field, can be carried by a single person in a knapsack manner, has strong wind resistance (the wind speed in the air is less than 6 grades), and is particularly suitable for rock mass outcrop investigation with less rainfall in the area and larger topographic relief.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, a rock mass outcrop measurement method based on portable unmanned aerial vehicle photography screening is provided, which comprises outcrop screening S1 and outcrop measurement S2;

the outcrop screening S1 includes:

s11, planning a navigation area: determining a rock mass outcrop investigation region, dividing the rock mass outcrop investigation region into a plurality of screening regions, planning flight routes in the screening regions and carrying out aerial survey region flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

s12, data processing: carrying out orthoscopic image splicing on images obtained by flying in an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey area to obtain an orthoscopic image splicing picture of the screening area;

s13, outcrop screening: adopting computer aided design software, calibrating a scale according to the size of the parking apron, creating a layer, and marking two target objects of a road and an outcrop;

the outcrop measurement S2 includes:

s21, outcrop shooting: carrying an unmanned aerial vehicle to arrive at a scene according to the coordinate mark points of the outcrop, and shooting the full view of the outcrop by adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to a preset height;

s22, outcrop measurement: after the unmanned aerial vehicle who obtains the outcrop shoots the image, adopt geographic information system to digitize the outcrop.

In this embodiment, in step S11, the screening area covers the investigation area by at least 90%. The time period of the flight of the aerial survey area of the unmanned aerial vehicle is noon time in a fine day. And selecting the position with the height, width and flatness meeting the shutdown requirement in the screening area as an unmanned aerial vehicle landing point. And fixing an air park at a landing point of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and planning a flight route by adopting a Pix4 Dmapper.

Referring to FIG. 3, in detail, the one-time flight aerial survey area of the model of Xinntom 4Pro V2.0 in Da Jiang spirit used in this embodiment is about 1km²The whole investigation region is divided into 9 screening regions H1-H9, and the screening regions cover more than 90% of the investigation region. In order to avoid shadow shielding, selecting sunny noon time, after a photography screening personnel carries an unmanned aerial vehicle to reach a designated screening area, selecting an unmanned aerial vehicle landing point on the principle of 'high, wide and flat', fixing an air park, planning a flight route by adopting a Pix4Dmap, assembling the unmanned aerial vehicle to start aerial survey area flight, and configuring flight parameters as follows: flight height: 100m, 10m/s of flying speed, 60 percent of side-direction overlapping rate and 70 percent of course overlapping rate are preferred.

In particular, each aerial survey area is approximately 1km²After the flight parameters are set, about 600 pictures can be obtained in a single aerial survey area, about 10M of each picture is obtained, the pictures are imported into the existing aerial survey data processing software, and by taking the aerial survey area H1 as an example, referring to fig. 4, an orthographic projection mosaic (orthoposaic Map) with the size of about 3G can be obtained to serve as the basis of photographic screening.

In this embodiment, in step S13, the scale is calibrated by using CAD software according to the size of the apron;

the road and the outcrop are in different layers.

Specifically, CAD software is adopted, and a proportional scale is calibrated through the size (the diameter is 1.1m) of the apron; and secondly, creating a map layer, marking two targets of a road and an outcrop, taking H1 aerial survey area photography screening as an example, as shown in FIG. 5. The mark is off-road vehicle driving road, and the later stage measuring person may walk on the road (such as river), and the closed curve is the outcrop measuring area.

In photographic screening for outcrop, due to the high cost of field surveying, target outcrop needs to satisfy two basic conditions of testability and typicality. The testability mainly means weak rock weathering, large exposed area, obvious joint exposure and flat exposed surface. The fresh outcrop selected in the way can avoid the large deviation of the uneven outcrop for the attitude measurement, ensure the reliability of the data obtained by measurement, and the outcrop area is selected as large as possible, so that enough data samples are ensured, and the attitude data of the structural plane is measured as much as possible; the typicality mainly means that the distribution form of outcrop joints is consistent with that of outcrops in a measuring area, and can represent the exposed characteristics of the structural surface of a surrounding rock mass and distinguish the outcrops from the measurability. After the target exposure is selected, a measuring range is defined on the CAD, the area is marked by color, the serial number is marked, and a foundation is laid for the next field investigation and measurement according to the marking on the Google earth and the Ovui map.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 6, according to the outcrop coordinate mark points on the Google earth and the multidimensional map, the measurer takes the unmanned aerial vehicle to arrive at the scene, and adopts the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to a certain height to shoot the overall appearance of the outcrop. Referring to fig. 7, after the unmanned aerial vehicle which obtains the outcrop shoots the photo, the outcrop is digitized by adopting the ArcGIS software.

As known to those skilled in the art, map digitization is an important way to obtain vector space data, and includes links of map scanning, registration and cropping, image stitching, graphic element tracking, collection, attribute field addition, attribute data entry, and the like. The existing geographic information system, such as ArcGIS, has a corresponding digitizing function.

As known to those skilled in the art, Pix4Dmapper is full-automatic fast unmanned aerial vehicle data processing software of switzerland Pi4D company, and integrates full-automatic, fast and professional precision unmanned aerial vehicle data and aerial image processing software. The method has the advantages that the method can rapidly manufacture thousands of images into professional and accurate two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional models without professional knowledge and manual intervention, can rapidly acquire point cloud data from aerial photographs by utilizing principles of photogrammetry and multi-view reconstruction, and performs later-stage processing. The application after processing can benefit different industries, such as mapping, cultural relic protection, mining industry and the like, and the application fields comprise a plurality of fields of aerial survey drawing, disaster emergency, safety law enforcement, agriculture and forestry monitoring, water conservancy and flood prevention, electric power line patrol, marine environment, scientific research of colleges and universities, military and the like.

The method comprises two stages of outcrop screening and outcrop measurement, wherein the outcrop screening comprises the following steps: planning a navigation area: determining a rock mass outcrop investigation region, dividing the rock mass outcrop investigation region into a plurality of screening regions, planning a flight line in the screening regions and carrying out aerial survey of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the region; data processing: carrying out orthoscopic image splicing on images obtained by flying in an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey area to obtain an orthoscopic image splicing picture of a screening area; outcrop screening: adopting computer aided design software, calibrating a scale according to the size of the parking apron, creating a layer, and marking two target objects of a road and an outcrop; outcrop measurement includes: exposing for shooting: carrying an unmanned aerial vehicle to arrive at a scene according to the coordinate mark points of the outcrop, and shooting the full view of the outcrop by adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly to a preset height; exposure measurement: after the unmanned aerial vehicle who obtains the outcrop shoots the image, adopt geographic information system to digitize the outcrop. Aiming at a measurement area, the unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted for cruising flight, indoor data processing is carried out, and screening is suitable for measuring outcrop; aiming at the outcrop measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle fixed-point flight, photography outcrop joint and indoor measurement joint data are adopted, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for photography screening, and the sky eye replaces human eyes, so that the outcrop screening area can be enlarged, the outcrop finding efficiency is improved, the personnel dependence is reduced, and the measurement cost is reduced; through unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, because the field of vision is broad, the spatial distribution of direct reflection outcrop joint can more effectively acquire trend, the trace length data of outcrop joint to direct electronization reduces field operation time and manual record time.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.