阅读说明：本技术 一种利用园林废弃物生产有机肥的装置与方法 (Device and method for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste ) 是由 芦阿虔 王岩 郭夏丽 董春玲 刘海宁 唐航 尚韬 夏金利 于 2019-03-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种利用园林废弃物生产有机肥的装置与方法。该装置包括用来容纳待发酵物料的箱体,所述箱体包括侧壁和箱底,所述箱底上设置有出料口,还包括出料装置,出料装置包括转轴,所述转轴上设置有用来在转轴静止时将出料口封堵并在转轴转动时将箱体内的有机肥拨出的拨杆和/或叶片。该装置的箱体内的待发酵物料发酵腐熟后,利用转轴的转动将发酵箱体内已腐熟物料带出,有机肥的取出量可控；箱体内未取出的有机肥可作为腐熟剂加速下一次发酵的进行,从而可以加快待发酵物料的处理量,简化有机肥的发酵生产过程；该装置的操作运行简单,管理方便,非常适用于植物园、公园和居民小区等园林废弃物快速发酵生产有机肥。(The invention relates to a device and a method for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste. The device comprises a box body used for containing materials to be fermented, the box body comprises a side wall and a box bottom, a discharge hole is formed in the box bottom, the device further comprises a discharging device, the discharging device comprises a rotating shaft, and a shifting lever and/or a blade which is used for plugging the discharge hole when the rotating shaft is static and shifting out organic fertilizers in the box body when the rotating shaft rotates is arranged on the rotating shaft. After the materials to be fermented in the box body of the device are fermented and decomposed, the decomposed materials in the box body are taken out by utilizing the rotation of the rotating shaft, and the taking-out amount of the organic fertilizer is controllable; the organic fertilizer which is not taken out from the box body can be used as a decomposing agent to accelerate the next fermentation, so that the treatment capacity of the material to be fermented can be accelerated, and the fermentation production process of the organic fertilizer is simplified; the device's operation is simple, and the management is convenient, is applicable to very much gardens discarded object fast fermentation production fertilizer such as vegetable garden, park and residential quarter.)

1. The utility model provides an utilize device of gardens discarded object production fertilizer, includes the box that is used for holding the material of treating fermenting, the box includes lateral wall and the bottom of the case, be provided with the discharge gate on the bottom of the case, its characterized in that still includes discharging device, discharging device includes the pivot, be provided with in the pivot and be used for shifting out driving lever and/or blade with the fertilizer in the box when the pivot is static with the discharge gate shutoff and when the pivot rotates.

2. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from garden waste as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a housing installed outside the box, the housing including a wall spaced apart from the sidewall of the box, the wall having an air vent; and the side wall of the box body is provided with a vent hole.

3. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer using garden waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sidewall of the case is a mesh plate, and the mesh holes of the mesh plate form the ventilation holes.

4. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from garden waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bottom of the tank has a throat structure with a large top and a small bottom, and the lower opening of the throat structure forms the discharge hole.

5. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer using garden waste as claimed in claim 2 or 4, wherein the outlet is a long hole formed on the bottom of the tank, and the rotation shaft is extended along the length direction of the long hole.

6. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer from garden waste as claimed in claim 5, wherein the bottom of the tank includes a circular arc bottom wall with an axis extending horizontally, bottom side walls are provided at two ends of the circular arc bottom wall along the axis extending direction, and the long hole is provided at the bottom of the circular arc bottom wall.

7. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer using garden waste as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a receiving drawer disposed under the discharging hole for receiving organic fertilizer and leachate.

8. The apparatus for producing organic fertilizer using garden waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein one end of the rotation shaft is extended out of the housing and connected with a crank.

9. A method for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) mixing the garden waste fine material with water to obtain a material to be fermented, and controlling the mass content of water in the material to be fermented to be 50-60%; the garden waste fine materials are obtained by crushing garden waste, and the garden waste comprises at least one of leaves, grass and branches;

2) carrying out aerobic composting fermentation on the material to be fermented to obtain the fermented material; the time of the aerobic composting fermentation is 15 to 25 days.

10. The method for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step 1), fermentation inoculum is further added when the garden waste fines and water are mixed, the addition amount of fermentation inoculum per ton of garden waste fines is 1-2kg, and the fermentation inoculum consists of bacillus subtilis, yeast and cellulolytic bacteria; the total number of viable bacteria of the fermentation inoculum is more than or equal to 2 hundred million cfu/g, wherein the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis, the saccharomycetes and the fiber decomposing bacteria is not less than 0.2 hundred million cfu/g.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizer production devices, and particularly relates to a device and a method for producing an organic fertilizer by using garden waste.

Background

Along with the acceleration of the urbanization process in China, the urban landscaping area is larger and larger, and more garden wastes such as fallen leaves, turf, pruning and the like are generated in urban landscaping management. The large amount of garden waste not only occupies land, breeds mosquitoes and flies, gives off odor, but also is easy to cause fire. The garden waste is rich in organic matters and plant nutrient elements, and is treated by adopting modes such as incineration, landfill and the like, so that the extensive treatment mode can cause environmental pollution and the effective utilization of biomass resources cannot be realized.

The current landscaping management mode is to manage alone in the unit of a plant garden, a park or a residential living community, and the collected landscaping management mode needs to transport to an urban garbage disposal point for centralized treatment, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed to be spent for repeated transportation. In view of this, provide a small-size processing apparatus to decentralized processing gardens discarded object on the spot, not only can realize the resourceization of gardens discarded object, can eliminate environmental pollution and the potential safety hazard that gardens discarded object brought again.

Chinese patent No. CN201390714Y discloses a compost bin for solid organic wastes, which comprises a bin body consisting of a side wall and a bin cover, wherein a barrier is arranged in the bin body, the edge of the barrier is connected with the side wall of the bin body to divide the bin body into an upper part and a lower part, and a bin body vent hole is arranged on the bin body. The device takes collected fallen leaves, domestic organic waste and garbage as raw materials for composting, and organic matter residues generated after composting fall into a drawer below a barrier through the barrier. In the device, the barrier plays a role in isolating solid organic waste and decomposed organic matter residues, the decomposed organic matter residues can be collected by the drawer only through the gaps among the barriers, and in many cases, the decomposed organic matter residues can still stay on the barrier due to agglomeration or large particles, so that the discharged materials of decomposed matters are inconvenient to collect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste, which aims to solve the problem that the discharging of the existing composting device is difficult to control.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste, so as to solve the problems of complex process and low production efficiency of the existing method for producing organic fertilizer.

In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the device for producing the organic fertilizer by using the garden waste is as follows:

the utility model provides an utilize device of gardens discarded object production fertilizer, includes the box that is used for holding the material of treating fermenting, the box includes lateral wall and the bottom of the case, be provided with the discharge gate on the bottom of the case, still include discharging device, discharging device includes the pivot, be provided with in the pivot and be used for shifting out driving lever and/or blade with the fertilizer in the discharge gate shutoff when the pivot is static and when the pivot rotates in the box.

According to the device for producing the organic fertilizer by using the garden waste, the decomposed material (namely the organic fertilizer) in the fermentation box body is taken out by using the rotation of the rotating shaft after the material to be fermented in the box body is fermented and decomposed, and the taking-out amount of the organic fertilizer is controllable; the organic fertilizer which is not taken out from the box body can be used as a decomposing agent to accelerate the next fermentation, so that the treatment capacity of the material to be fermented can be accelerated, and the fermentation production process of the organic fertilizer is simplified; the device's operation is simple, and the management is convenient, is applicable to very much that the garden discarded object of plantain, park or residential quarter ferments fast and produces the fertilizer.

The fermentation production of the organic fertilizer is related to air permeability, temperature and humidity, and in order to further improve the ventilation, heat preservation and moisture preservation effects of the device, preferably, the device for producing the organic fertilizer by using the garden waste further comprises a shell sleeved outside the box body, the shell comprises a shell wall arranged at an interval with the side wall of the box body, and the shell wall is provided with an air vent; and the side wall of the box body is provided with a vent hole. The ventilation port, the vent hole and the interval between the shell wall and the box side wall form an air circulation channel which enables materials to be fermented in the box body to be communicated with the external environment, the ventilation requirement of the fermentation process is guaranteed by the arrangement of the ventilation port and the vent hole, the shell has the rainproof function and protects the fermentation box body, and on the other hand, the jacket structure formed by the shell wall and the box side wall is also beneficial to reducing the loss of moisture and heat, so that the heat preservation and the moisture preservation effects are improved.

In order to further improve the ventilation, heat preservation and moisture preservation effects of the device, it is more preferable that the side wall of the box body is a mesh plate, and the mesh holes of the mesh plate form the ventilation holes. The side wall of the box body adopts a screen plate form, so that most of materials to be fermented in the fermentation box body can be communicated with the external environment through meshes, and the ventilation performance is better; the non-air-vent part on the shell wall of the shell forms a barrier to the loss of heat and moisture, and ensures the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects.

In order to facilitate the accumulation of the decomposed materials to the bottom of the box and the discharge of the organic fertilizer, preferably, the box bottom is provided with a necking structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, and the lower end opening of the necking structure forms the discharge hole.

For the load of further improvement fertilizer, it is preferred, the discharge gate is the slot hole of setting on the bottom of the case, the length direction extension setting of slot hole is followed to the pivot.

In order to further simplify the manufacturing of the fermentation box body, preferably, the box bottom comprises a circular arc-shaped bottom wall with an axis extending along the horizontal direction, bottom side walls are arranged at two ends of the circular arc-shaped bottom wall along the axis extending direction, and the long hole is arranged at the arc bottom of the circular arc-shaped bottom wall.

For the fertilizer of conveniently collecting discharge gate dial-out, it is preferred, the device of production fertilizer still including setting up in order to accept accepting the drawer of accepting fertilizer and filtration liquid in discharge gate below. The device can effectively solve the problem of secondary pollution (percolate, odor and mosquito and fly breeding) in the garden waste treatment process, no odor is emitted, no percolate is generated and no mosquito and fly breeding occurs in the whole treatment process, and compost fermentation can be completed in 15-25 days to produce organic fertilizers.

In order to further facilitate the discharging process and realize the unpowered discharging of the device, preferably, one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the shell and is connected with a crank.

The method for producing the organic fertilizer by using the garden waste adopts the technical scheme that:

a method for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste comprises the following steps:

1) mixing the garden waste fine material with water to obtain a material to be fermented, and controlling the mass content of water in the material to be fermented to be 50-60%; the garden waste fine materials are obtained by crushing garden waste, and the garden waste comprises at least one of leaves, grass and branches;

2) carrying out aerobic composting fermentation on the material to be fermented to obtain the fermented material; the time of the aerobic composting fermentation is 15 to 25 days.

According to the method for producing the organic fertilizer by using the garden waste, the garden waste is used as a composting raw material, the organic fertilizer can be rapidly fermented and produced, the production cost of the organic fertilizer is low, and the obtained organic fertilizer can meet the standard requirements of national organic fertilizers (NY 525-2012).

In order to further increase the fermentation and decomposition speed of the material to be fermented, preferably, in the step 1), a fermentation microbial inoculum is added when the garden waste fine materials are mixed with water, the addition amount of the fermentation microbial inoculum corresponding to each ton of garden waste fine materials is 1-2kg, and the fermentation microbial inoculum consists of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and fiber decomposing bacteria; the total number of viable bacteria of the fermentation inoculum is more than or equal to 2 hundred million cfu/g, wherein the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis, the saccharomycetes and the fiber decomposing bacteria is not less than 0.2 hundred million cfu/g.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of the device for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another view of an embodiment 1 of the device for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste;

in the figure, 1-a shell, 2-a material fermentation inner container, 3-a charging opening, 4-a rotating shaft, 5-a helical blade, 6-a crank, 7-a shell, 8-a cover body, 9-an air vent, 10-a universal wheel and 11-a bearing drawer.

Detailed Description

The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

An embodiment 1 of the device for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste comprises a shell 1 and a box body arranged in the shell 1, wherein the box body forms a material fermentation inner container 2, the material fermentation inner container 2 comprises a side wall and a box bottom, the side wall comprises a left side wall, a right side wall, a front side wall and a rear side wall, an upper end opening formed by the left side wall, the right side wall, the front side wall and the rear side wall in a surrounding mode forms a charging opening 3, and the left side wall, the right side wall, the front side wall and the rear side wall are all metal meshes. The mesh size of the metal net is phi 3mm, and the mesh density is 4 holes/cm²。

The bottom of the case includes the convex diapire that the axis extends along the horizontal direction, and the both ends of convex diapire along its axis extending direction are provided with the end lateral wall, and the arc bottom of convex diapire is provided with the slot hole, and the extending direction of slot hole is parallel with the axis of convex diapire, the slot hole has constituted the discharge gate that is used for discharging the fermentation product (fertilizer). The bottom side walls of the two sides along the length direction of the long hole are provided with bearings, the bearings are provided with rotating shafts 4 extending along the length direction of the long hole, and the rotating shafts 4 are provided with spiral blades 5 used for plugging the long hole when the rotating shafts 4 are static and pulling out organic fertilizers in the material fermentation inner container 2 when the rotating shafts 4 rotate. One end of the rotating shaft 4 extends out of the shell 1 and is connected with a crank 6.

The shell 1 comprises a shell 7 and a cover body 8, the material fermentation inner container 2 is fixed on the shell 7 through bolts, the shell 7 comprises a shell wall arranged at intervals with the side wall of the box body, the shell wall comprises a left shell wall, a right shell wall, a front shell wall and a rear shell wall, two square air vents 9 are formed in the front shell wall and the rear shell wall, and the air vents 9 and meshes form an air circulation channel together with the intervals between the shell wall and the side wall of the box body. The air vent 9 is also covered with a metal net to prevent the materials from leaking or mosquitoes and flies from entering. Four universal wheels 10 are mounted to the bottom of the housing 1 for easy movement. The lower part of the discharge port of the material fermentation inner container 2 is also provided with a bearing drawer 11 for bearing organic fertilizer pulled out from the discharge port, and the bearing drawer 11 is installed on the shell through a slide way.

The housing 1 is rectangular, and has a specification of 200cm (length) x 100cm (width) x 150cm (height), and a specification of 30cm x 30 cm. The specification of the material fermentation inner container 2 is 190cm (length) x 90cm (width) x 120cm (height). The long hole has a specification of 15cm (width) x 180cm (length), and the outer diameter of the helical blade 5 on the rotating shaft 4 is phi 14 cm. The receiving drawer 11 has a specification of 195cm (length) x 95cm (width) x 32cm (height). When the material is received, the vertical projection of the receiving drawer 11 covers the vertical projection of the material fermentation inner container 2.

The shell 1 can be made of metal or engineering plastic materials, and has the main functions of protecting the material fermentation liner 2, preserving heat, preventing rain, preventing odor from escaping and the like. The material fermentation liner 2 provides ventilation, heat preservation and moisture preservation environmental conditions for aerobic composting fermentation. The main function of the receiving drawer 11 is to temporarily store the matured fermentation products and to prevent percolate from flowing out, etc.

The use method of the device for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste comprises the following steps: the material to be fermented is put into the material fermentation inner container 2 through the feed inlet 3, aerobic composting fermentation can be carried out automatically after the cover body 8 of the shell is closed, the shell 1 and the material fermentation inner container 2 form a composite structure which has good ventilation, heat preservation and moisture preservation capabilities, artificial ventilation and stirring are not needed, odor cannot be emitted, organic fertilizer produced through fermentation can be rotated by the rotating shaft driven by the discharge outlet through the crank 6, and the organic fertilizer is taken out and flows into the bearing drawer 11. A small amount of percolate can be generated in the fermentation process, and the percolate can flow out of meshes of the material fermentation inner container 2 and then enters the bearing drawer 11 to be absorbed by the temporarily stored organic fertilizer, so that no secondary pollution is generated in the operation process of the device.

The material to be fermented can be any relevant raw material for producing organic fertilizer by aerobic composting fermentation in the prior art, and according to the characteristics of the device, garden waste such as leaves, trimmed fresh turf, branches and the like can be selected as corresponding raw materials, the garden waste is crushed into fine materials with the thickness of 3-5mm, the mass content of water is adjusted to 50-60%, and then the fine materials can be used as the material to be fermented. The organic fertilizer meeting the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012) can be produced 15-25 days after the raw materials are put into the reactor.

In order to improve the fermentation speed, the fresh turf, the leaves and the branches can be mixed and fermented after being crushed, and the fermentation speed can also be improved by adding a commercial organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum (the feeding amount is 1 per mill) or a fermented and produced organic fertilizer (5-6 percent) and the like. When the proportion of branches in the added materials is large, the evaporation capacity of water is large due to high fermentation temperature, and waste vegetable and fruit materials can be properly added, so that more water which is slowly released can be provided for microbial fermentation, and more nutrition can be provided to improve the fermentation and decomposition effects.

The organic fertilizer in the carrying drawer 11 can be used at any time, in addition, the using amount of the organic fertilizer can also be determined according to the collecting amount of garden waste, if more garden waste is collected, the produced organic fertilizer can be correspondingly discharged, and the organic fertilizer left in the material fermentation liner 2 can be used as a decomposition agent to accelerate the fermentation and decomposition process of the newly added material to be fermented; if less garden waste is collected, the produced organic fertilizer can be discharged correspondingly less. Therefore, the process of producing organic fertilizer by fermentation can be flexibly managed and controlled according to the collection amount of garden waste.

The embodiment 2 of the device for producing the organic fertilizer by using the garden waste does not comprise a shell and comprises a fermentation box body, wherein the fermentation box body comprises a side wall and a bottom wall, the side wall is of a straight cylindrical structure, and the bottom wall is of a flat plate structure. Set up the slot hole that two parallel intervals set up on the diapire, be provided with the bearing along slot hole length direction's both sides on the diapire, install the pivot that extends along slot hole length direction on the bearing, be provided with in the pivot and be used for when the pivot is static with the slot hole shutoff and when the pivot rotates the helical blade that the fertilizer in the material fermentation inner bag was pulled out. One end of the rotating shaft extends out of the fermentation box body and is connected with the crank.

The side wall is provided with an air vent which is covered with a metal net for preventing materials from leaking or mosquitoes and flies from entering. Or the side wall can also adopt the metal net form in the device embodiment 1 for producing organic fertilizer.

This embodiment utilizes a plurality of slot holes and with slot hole complex pivot, realizes the orderly controllable discharge of fertilizer under the diapire of fermenting case body is flat condition.

In other embodiments of the device for producing organic fertilizer by using garden waste, the circular arc-shaped bottom wall of the necking structure can be replaced by a V-shaped bottom wall, or the necking structure can be an inverted cone structure, and correspondingly, the discharge hole can be a square hole. Can set up a plurality of driving lever groups on the length direction of pivot, every driving lever group includes a plurality of driving levers that evenly space set up along the axial of pivot, and the driving lever radially extends along the pivot, through the intensive setting of driving lever group, can realize when the pivot is static with the discharge gate shutoff and with fertilizer exhaust purpose when the pivot rotates.

By utilizing the device for producing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the garden waste, the embodiment of the method for producing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the garden waste is as follows: