Built-in electric drive system for machine tool and method for operating the same
阅读说明:本技术 机床的内置型电力驱动系统及其运转方法 (Built-in electric drive system for machine tool and method for operating the same ) 是由 张正焕 尹镛善 具本生 于 2019-01-23 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及机床的内置型电力驱动系统,其可包括:壳体;主轴,其在所述壳体沿前后方向延长,并为相对于壳体可旋转地设置的中空管形态;内置马达,其包括固定于所述壳体内部的定子,和固定于所述主轴的外面的转子,通过从外部施加的电源使得在定子与转子之间产生扭矩,从而产生转子的旋转运动;卡盘,其设置于所述主轴的前端部,并配备有夹紧被加工物的钳口;牵引杆,其设置为在所述主轴的内侧可沿前后方向进行直线运动,前端部与所述钳口连接;牵引杆键及牵引杆键槽,其将所述牵引杆可直线运动地连接于所述卡盘,但不可旋转运动地连接;卡盘锁定单元,其限制或解除所述卡盘相对于所述壳体的旋转运动;离合器单元,其可前进后退地设置于所述主轴的前方部和卡盘的后方部之间,相对于卡盘限制主轴,或对于卡盘可相对旋转地分离;导螺杆,其在外面以螺旋形形成有螺纹,固定地形成于所述牵引杆;驱动单元,其固定于所述主轴的外面,与主轴一起旋转;以及螺母盖,其结合于所述驱动单元并与驱动单元一起旋转,在内周面形成有与所述导螺杆的螺纹螺旋结合的螺纹。(The present invention relates to a built-in electric drive system for a machine tool, which may include: a housing; a main shaft extending in the front-rear direction of the housing and having a hollow tube shape rotatably provided with respect to the housing; a built-in motor including a stator fixed inside the housing, and a rotor fixed outside the main shaft, generating a torque between the stator and the rotor by a power source applied from the outside, thereby generating a rotational motion of the rotor; a chuck provided at a distal end portion of the spindle and including a jaw for clamping a workpiece; a draw bar which is arranged on the inner side of the main shaft and can perform linear motion along the front-back direction, and the front end part of the draw bar is connected with the jaw; a drawbar key and a drawbar keyway connecting the drawbar to the chuck in a linearly movable manner but in a non-rotatably movable manner; a chuck locking unit which restricts or releases a rotational movement of the chuck with respect to the housing; a clutch unit which is provided between a front portion of the spindle and a rear portion of the chuck so as to be capable of moving forward and backward, and which restricts the spindle with respect to the chuck or separates the spindle from the chuck so as to be capable of rotating relative thereto; a lead screw having a screw thread formed in a spiral shape on an outer surface thereof and fixedly formed on the drawbar; a driving unit fixed to an outer surface of the main shaft and rotating together with the main shaft; and a nut cover coupled to the driving unit and rotating together with the driving unit, and having a screw thread formed on an inner circumferential surface thereof to be screw-coupled to the screw thread of the lead screw.)
1. A built-in electric drive system for a machine tool, comprising:
a housing (10);
a main shaft (20) which is extended in the front-rear direction of the housing (10) and is in the form of a hollow tube rotatably provided with respect to the housing (10);
a built-in motor including a stator (31) fixed inside the housing (10), and a rotor (32) fixed to an outer surface of the main shaft (20), generating a torque between the stator (31) and the rotor (32) by a power source applied from an outside, thereby generating a rotational motion of the rotor (32);
a chuck (50) provided at the tip of the spindle (20) and provided with a jaw (51) for clamping a workpiece;
a draw bar (40) which is provided inside the main shaft (20) so as to be linearly movable in the front-rear direction, and the tip of which is connected to the jaw (51);
a drawbar key (43) and a drawbar keyway (42) connecting the drawbar (40) to the chuck (50) in a linearly movable manner but in a non-rotatably movable manner;
a chuck locking unit which restricts or releases a rotational movement of the chuck (50) relative to the housing (10);
a clutch unit which is provided between the front part of the spindle (20) and the rear part of the chuck (50) in a forward and backward movable manner, and which restricts the spindle (20) with respect to the chuck (50) or separates the spindle from the chuck (50) in a relatively rotatable manner;
a lead screw (41) which is externally threaded and fixedly formed on the drawbar (40);
a drive unit fixed to the outside of the main shaft (20) and rotating together with the main shaft (20); and
and a nut cover (95) that is coupled to the drive unit and rotates together with the drive unit, and has a thread (95a) formed on an inner circumferential surface thereof, the thread being screwed to the thread of the lead screw (41).
2. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the clutch unit includes:
a fixing member (71) fixed to the rear surface of the chuck (50);
a rotating member (72) fixed to the front end of the main shaft (20) and rotatably connected to the fixed member (71);
a stationary clutch (81) fixed to the rear of the stationary member (71) and having first saw teeth (81a) formed in a saw-tooth shape in the circumferential direction;
a movable clutch (82) which is provided in front of the rotating member (72) so as to be movable in the front-rear direction, and which has second saw teeth (82a) formed in a saw-tooth shape along the circumferential direction, the second saw teeth (82a) engaging with the first saw teeth (81a) and restricting relative rotation of the rotating member (72) with respect to the fixed member (71); and
a clutch operating member that moves the movable clutch (82) rearward.
3. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the clutch operation member comprises:
a piston (83) which is provided inside a piston accommodating groove (71c) formed in the fixed member (71) and pushes the movable clutch (82) backward while moving backward by air pressure applied to the inside of the piston accommodating groove (71 c); a clutch spring (85) that applies an elastic force to the movable clutch (82) in the forward direction; and a piston bearing (84) disposed between the movable clutch (82) and the piston (83), and rotatably supporting the movable clutch (82) with respect to the piston (83).
4. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the chuck locking unit comprises:
a fixing pin (61) which is provided in front of the housing (10) so as to linearly reciprocate toward the chuck (50) and has a tip portion inserted into a locking groove (71b) formed in the outer peripheral surface of the fixing member (71) or the chuck (50); and
an air pressure driver (62) that linearly reciprocates the fixing pin (61).
5. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 4,
an air pressure flow path extending from the piston housing groove (71c) to the lock groove (71b) is formed in the fixing member (71), an air supply flow path (61a) communicating with the air pressure flow path when the fixing pin (61) is inserted into the lock groove (71b) is formed in the fixing pin (61), and the air supply flow path (61a) is connected to an external air supply device to supply air to the air pressure flow path.
6. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 4,
a lubricating oil flow path (71d) is formed in the fixing member (71) so as to communicate with the lock groove (71b), a lubricating oil supply flow path (61b) communicating with the lubricating oil flow path (71d) when the fixing pin (61) is inserted into the lock groove (71b) is formed in the fixing pin (61), and the lubricating oil supply flow path (61b) is connected to an external lubricating oil supply device so as to supply lubricating oil to the lubricating oil flow path (71 d).
7. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit includes;
a drive member (92) having a ring shape and fixed to the outer surface of the main shaft (20);
a drive pin (93) formed to protrude radially inward of the drive member (92);
and a drive carrier (94) which is provided between the drive member (92) and the nut cover (95), has a backlash groove (94a) formed in the outer circumferential surface thereof into which the tip end portion of the drive pin (93) is inserted, and is coupled to the outer circumferential surface of the nut cover (95) in the inner circumferential surface thereof so as to rotate together with the nut cover (95).
8. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 7,
the tooth gap groove (94a) is formed in a long hole shape extending in the circumferential direction of the main shaft (20), and a space for allowing relative movement of the drive pin (93) is formed between the drive pin (93) and both side end portions of the tooth gap groove (94 a).
9. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 7,
a cover key groove (94b) and a cover key (95b) are provided between the outer peripheral surface of the nut cover (95) and the inner peripheral surface of the drive carrier (94), and the cover key groove (94b) and the cover key (95b) restrict the nut cover (95) from being connected slidably in the front-rear direction with respect to the drive carrier (94) without relative rotation in the circumferential direction.
10. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 9,
the drive unit further includes a cover unit detachably provided at a rear end portion of the drive member (92), and performs a replacement work by separating the cover unit from the drive member (93) when replacing the drawbar (40) or the nut cover (95).
11. The built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising:
an encoder unit that detects a rotation amount and a rotation position of the spindle (20).
12. A method of operating a built-in electric drive system of a machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising:
(S1) operating the chuck locking unit and fixing the chuck (50) with respect to the housing (10);
(S2) operating the clutch unit and separating the spindle (20) with respect to the chuck (50) so that the spindle (20) is relatively rotatably separated with respect to the chuck (50);
(S3) applying power to the built-in motor and rotating the spindle (20) by a certain amount in one direction;
(S4) rotating the nut cover (95) by the rotation of the driving unit coupled to the main shaft (20) to retract the lead screw (41) and the traction bar (40) by a predetermined distance, thereby clamping the workpiece;
a step (S5) of operating the clutch unit in reverse to the step (S2) and restricting the spindle (20) with respect to the chuck (50);
a step (S6) of operating the chuck locking unit in reverse to the step (S1) to release the fixed state of the chuck (50);
and (S7) a step of applying power to the built-in motor to rotate the spindle (20) in one direction at a predetermined rotational speed and process the workpiece.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the control unit is configured to control the operation of the internal electric drive system of the machine tool,
between (S4) and (S5), the following steps are performed: receiving the position signal from the encoder unit, the built-in motor is operated in a direction opposite to the step (S3), in order to enable the tooth form of the first saw tooth (81a) formed at the fixed clutch (81) of the clutch unit and the second saw tooth (82a) formed at the movable clutch (82) to be accurately engaged, so that the main shaft (20) is rotated at a certain angle, thereby adjusting the position of the movable clutch (82) of the clutch unit.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a machine tool, and more particularly, to a built-in electric drive system of a machine tool and an operation method thereof, in which a motor for driving a spindle is directly connected to an outer surface of the spindle to rotate the spindle without using a belt in a lathe for processing a workpiece, and power of the motor is selectively transmitted to a rotation system including a drawbar for driving a chuck by a clutch device and the spindle.
Background
In general, a machine tool includes a workpiece and a machining tool, and when one of the workpiece and the machining tool is fixed, the other is rotated to machine the shape of the workpiece.
The machine tool is configured to rotate a workpiece while a machining tool is stationary, and generally includes a chuck for fixing the workpiece, a drawbar for driving the chuck, and a spindle for rotating the drawbar, the chuck, and the workpiece.
In order to drive the drawbar and the spindle, the conventional machine tool needs independent drive systems, the hydraulic system is mainly applied to the drawbar, and the electric system is applied to the spindle. In the case of a conventional hydraulic drive system, since hydraulic pressure is used as a power source for a chuck for clamping a workpiece and a spindle for rotating the workpiece, a response speed is slow, and it is difficult to precisely control a clamping force of the chuck. Therefore, the clamping force of the chuck cannot be actively controlled according to the material of the workpiece and the cutting conditions. In addition, most of the time, a method of transmitting power of the motor to the main shaft through a belt is used, so that not only friction of the belt and the pulley and sliding efficiency of the belt are low, but also noise, vibration and maintenance are subject to difficulty.
To overcome the above problems with hydraulic drive systems of the belt drive type, several advanced companies such as Rohm, Hainbuch, Forkardt, germany have recently marketed common products for electrically driven spindle systems, but still use the belt drive type. Further, Mitsubishi Electric company of japan uses a built-in spindle, but cannot actively cope with new requirements in the industry because hydraulic pressure is used as a power source for clamping a workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a built-in electric drive system for a machine tool and an operation method thereof, in which a motor for driving a spindle is directly connected to an outer surface of the spindle without using a belt, so that the spindle is rotated, and power of the motor is selectively transmitted to a rotation system including a drawbar for driving a chuck by a clutch device and the spindle.
The built-in electric drive system for a machine tool for achieving the above object may include: a housing; a main shaft extending in the front-rear direction of the housing and having a hollow tube shape rotatably provided with respect to the housing; a built-in motor including a stator fixed inside the housing and a rotor fixed outside the main shaft, generating a torque between the stator and the rotor by a power source applied from the outside, thereby generating a rotational motion of the rotor; a chuck provided at a distal end portion of the spindle and including a jaw for clamping a workpiece; a draw bar which is arranged on the inner side of the main shaft and can move linearly along the front-back direction, and the front end part of the draw bar is connected with the jaw; a drawbar key and a drawbar key groove which connect the drawbar to the chuck in a linearly movable manner but are incapable of performing a rotational movement; a chuck locking unit which restricts or releases a rotational movement of the chuck with respect to the housing; a clutch unit which is provided between a front portion of the spindle and a rear portion of the chuck so as to be capable of moving forward and backward, and which restricts the spindle with respect to the chuck or separates the spindle from the chuck so as to be capable of rotating relative thereto; a lead screw having a screw thread formed in a spiral shape on an outer surface thereof and fixedly formed on the drawbar; a driving unit fixed to an outer surface of the main shaft and rotating together with the main shaft; and a nut cover coupled to the driving unit and rotating together with the driving unit, and having a screw thread formed on an inner circumferential surface thereof to be screw-coupled to the screw thread of the lead screw.
The method of operating the built-in electric drive system according to the present invention described above is realized by the following steps.
A step S1 of operating the chuck locking unit and fixing the chuck relative to the shell;
s2, operating the clutch unit and separating the spindle from the chuck, thereby relatively rotatably separating the spindle from the chuck;
a step of S3, applying power to the built-in motor to make the main shaft rotate a certain amount along one direction;
s4, rotating the nut cover by the rotation of the driving unit connected with the main shaft, thereby making the lead screw and the traction bar retreat or advance for a certain distance, and clamping the processed object;
an S5 step of operating the clutch unit to restrict the spindle relative to the chuck in reverse to the S2 step;
an S6 step of operating the chuck locking unit in reverse to the S1 step, thereby releasing the fixed state of the chuck;
and a step S7 of applying power to the built-in motor to rotate the spindle in one direction at a predetermined rotational speed and to machine the workpiece.
With one aspect of the operation method according to the present invention, a step of receiving a position signal from the encoder sensor, operating the built-in motor in a direction opposite to the step of S3, and adjusting the position of the clutch unit 'S
According to the present invention, the rotation force of the spindle is transmitted to the chuck or the spindle is separated from the chuck by the operations of the chuck locking unit and the clutch unit, so that the work clamping operation and the unclamping operation according to the drawbar can be performed. Therefore, the clamping operation mode and the spindle rotation mode can be performed by the built-in motor without using the belt, and therefore, there is an effect that all problems caused by the use of the belt can be solved, so that the overall configuration and operation of the machine tool can be simplified.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a built-in type electric drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a front component of the built-in electric drive system shown in fig. 1 in an exploded manner.
Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a rear component of the built-in electric drive system shown in fig. 1 in an exploded manner.
Fig. 4a and 4b are cross-sectional views showing a part of the built-in electric drive system shown in fig. 1 in an enlarged manner, in which fig. 4a shows a clamp operation mode, and fig. 4b shows a spindle operation mode.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the portion shown in fig. 4a and 4 b.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the portion a marked in fig. 4 a.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view K-K of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is an X-X sectional view of fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view showing another part of the electric drive system shown in fig. 1 in an enlarged manner.
Fig. 10 is a Z-Z sectional view of fig. 9.
Detailed Description
The embodiment described in the present invention and the configuration shown in the drawings are merely preferred examples of the disclosed invention, and various modifications may be made at the time of application of the present application in place of the embodiment and the drawings described in the present specification.
Hereinafter, a built-in electric drive system for a machine tool and an operation method thereof will be described in detail based on embodiments described later with reference to the drawings. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
First, referring to fig. 1 and 5, a built-in electric drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a
The
The
The
On the outer surface of the rear end portion of the
The built-in motor is provided inside the
Referring to fig. 2 and 4a to 8, the clutch unit is configured to restrict the
The
The stationary clutch 81 is annular and is fixedly disposed inside a stationary clutch receiving groove 71a formed on the rear side of the
A clutch operating member comprising: a
The chuck locking unit includes: a fixing
The fixing
The
In addition, an air pressure flow path (not shown) extending from the
Further, a lubricant oil flow path 71d is formed in the fixing
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, 9 and 10, the drive unit comprises; a driving
The driving
On the outer peripheral surface of the drive carrier 94, a
Further, at the rear end portion of the driving
The
The encoder unit includes: a slot plate 99 fixed to the driving
The operation method of the built-in electric drive system realized by the above-described configuration is realized by the following steps.
S1, operating the chuck locking unit and fixing the
s2, operating the clutch unit and separating the
s3, applying power to the built-in motor and rotating the
s4, rotating the
an S5 step of operating the clutch unit to restrict the
an S6 step of operating the chuck locking unit in reverse to the S1 step, thereby releasing the fixed state of the
a step S7 of processing the workpiece while applying power to the built-in motor and rotating the
the operation method will be described in more detail below.
In order to machine the workpiece, the
In this state, air is supplied through the
Then, if power is applied to the built-in motor to rotate the rotor 32 and the
In a state where the
Then, the position signal is received from the encoder sensor 98, and the built-in motor is operated in reverse so that the teeth of the first saw-
If the position of the
Then, air pressure is applied through the
In this state, if power is applied to the built-in motor to rotate the
If the processing of the workpiece is completed, the
At this time, the fixing
In the case of a clutch unit configured in an electric drive system, when switching from a clamping operation mode to a rotating operation mode, the rotating
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to make various substitutions, additions and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea described above, and it should be understood that these modified embodiments also fall within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims appended below.
The present invention is applicable to a machine tool such as a lathe for machining a workpiece.
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