阅读说明：本技术 一种中药蝉蜕微生态冻干粉的制备方法与应用 (Preparation method and application of traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough micro-ecological freeze-dried powder ) 是由 陈红专 张静 于 2020-07-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种中药蝉蜕微生态冻干粉的制备方法与应用,属于家禽养殖技术领域。本方法是首先将蝉蜕洗净、烘干,粉碎成粗粉,微波灭菌后加纯水超声波提取得蝉蜕提取液；在蛭弧菌液体培养基中,将鸡源性J4蛭弧菌菌种进行接种并培养得蛭弧菌液；然后将蛭弧菌液和蝉蜕提取液进行缓慢搅拌,混合均匀得混合液；再将混合液通入无菌空气保温发酵得发酵液；之后发酵液低温浓缩；再之后采用400目不锈钢筛网过滤,除去沉淀物；最后超滤后冷冻干燥,得冻干粉。本发明作为添加剂加入饮用水或鸡饲料中进行投喂,应用于家禽腺胃炎、肌胃炎和肠炎的预防和治疗,具有良好效果,可迅速促进肠绒毛的生长,缓解饲料便症状,修复溃疡,肿胀、开胃增食。(The invention discloses a preparation method and application of traditional Chinese medicine periostracum cicadae micro-ecological freeze-dried powder, and belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding. The method comprises the steps of firstly, cleaning and drying the cicada slough, crushing the cicada slough into coarse powder, sterilizing the coarse powder by microwave, adding pure water, and performing ultrasonic extraction to obtain a cicada slough extracting solution; inoculating and culturing a chicken-derived J4 bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain in a bdellovibrio bacteriovorus liquid culture medium to obtain a bdellovibrio bacteriovorus liquid; then slowly stirring the bdellovibrio bacteriovorus liquid and the cicada slough extracting solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; then introducing sterile air into the mixed solution, and fermenting under heat preservation to obtain fermentation liquor; then the fermentation liquor is concentrated at low temperature; then filtering by adopting a 400-mesh stainless steel screen to remove precipitates; finally, freeze drying is carried out after ultrafiltration to obtain freeze-dried powder. The invention is used as an additive to be added into drinking water or chicken feed for feeding, is applied to the prevention and treatment of proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis of poultry, has good effect, can quickly promote the growth of intestinal villus, relieve the symptoms of feed stool, repair ulcer, swell, open stomach and increase appetite.)

1. A preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough micro-ecological freeze-dried powder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, cicada slough is cleaned, dried and crushed into coarse powder, after microwave sterilization, pure water of 5-30 times is added for ultrasonic extraction, and the pH value of filtrate is adjusted to 5.7-6.5, so that a cicada slough extracting solution is obtained;

inoculating and culturing a chicken-derived J4 bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain in a bdellovibrio bacteriovorus liquid culture medium to obtain a bdellovibrio bacteriovorus liquid;

step three, slowly stirring the leech vibrio liquid and the cicada slough extracting solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

introducing sterile air into the mixed solution for 5 minutes, then preserving heat and fermenting to finish the fermentation process to obtain fermentation liquor;

step five, carrying out low-temperature concentration on the fermentation liquor until the relative density is 1.05-1.10;

filtering by adopting a 400-mesh stainless steel screen to remove precipitates;

and seventhly, performing freeze drying after ultrafiltration to obtain freeze-dried powder.

2. The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine periostracum cicadae micro-ecological freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, the ultrasonic extraction conditions are as follows: the ultrasonic power is 60-80W/L, the ultrasonic frequency is 35-40 KHz, the ultrasonic temperature is 25-40 ℃, and the ultrasonic time is 25-35 min.

3. The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine periostracum cicadae micro-ecological freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the culture conditions in the second step are as follows: shaking culture is carried out for 24 hours at 120 rpm at the early stage, and culture is carried out for 48 hours at the constant temperature of 32 ℃ at the later stage.

4. The preparation method of the ecological freeze-dried powder of traditional Chinese medicine periostracum cicadae according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the weight ratio of the bdellovibrio bacteriovorus solution to the cicada slough extracting solution in the third step is 0.005-0.01: 1.

5. the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine periostracum cicadae micro-ecological freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the thermal insulation fermentation conditions in the fourth step are as follows: fermenting for 24 hours at the temperature of 32-35 ℃.

6. The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine periostracum cicadae micro-ecological freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the low-temperature concentration conditions in the fifth step are as follows: the low-temperature membrane concentration method is adopted, and the temperature is less than 40 ℃ during concentration.

7. The application of the traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough micro-ecological freeze-dried powder of any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized in that: can be used for preventing and treating proventriculitis, muscular gastritis and enteritis of poultry.

8. The application of the traditional Chinese medicine periostracum cicadae micro-ecological freeze-dried powder in claim 7 is characterized in that: the usage and dosage are as follows: adding into drinking water or chicken feed as additive, stirring, adding 100L water or 100kg material per 100g, and continuously using for 5 days.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough micro-ecological freeze-dried powder.

Background

With the large development of the large-scale poultry raising industry, the poultry have the defects of disordered digestive system function, abnormal metabolism and seriously hindered growth, the weight difference of individuals in the same group is as high as 80 percent, the phenomenon of 'multi-generation and same-hall' is presented, and the non-uniformity indicates that chronic consumptive diseases, namely proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis, of which the weight difference between the diseased group and the standard day age value is larger present the outbreak and pandemic trends, thereby causing great influence on the production benefit.

The clinical characteristics of poultry suffering from proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis are as follows: the feathers are messy, lean, stubborn, dull, unmoved, cachexia, liking to lean on the wall, not crowd, not actively taking food and drinking water, and the feed sample with incomplete excretion and digestion (with complete corn grains or crushed granular substances of corn) is changed into long and thin strips. The livestock medical research shows that the causes of proventriculitis and muscular gastritis mainly comprise the following aspects:

1. the birds are toothless. The oral cavity, esophagus, crop, muscular stomach, glandular stomach, duodenum and jejunum, ileum, caecum, cloaca constitute the entire digestive system of the bird.

After the chicks enter the house, the chicks eat the feed, wherein hard granular matters such as corn grains are easy to cause damage (stabbing wound or scratching) to the contacted mucous membrane surface at an entrance cavity, an esophagus and a crop, which are also called physical damage and mechanical damage. These sites are susceptible to various infections, causing erosion and injury to the affected sites!

2. The mildew-causing factors in the feed, such as various fungi like aflatoxin, fumonisin and the like, gather and multiply at the damaged part, thereby further enlarging the damage.

3. Enterotoxemia syndrome:

(1) acute injury: generally, customers do not pay attention to or are not aware of the poultry parasitic diseases at all, and the excrement of the broiler chickens and the laying hens which are raised horizontally or in cages by using the net bed is isolated from chicken flocks, so that the coccidiosis is generally considered not to occur. White lime-like, earthy yellow, gray and soy sauce-like colors of excrement and even carrot-like or tomato-like changes are unknown, and treatment is only thought to occur until larval blood color changes occur and individual fat chickens in the same group die, and coccidiosis is usually caused, but coccidiosis fulminans are generally caused by caecal coccidiosis and are easy to cause serious loss.

(2) Chronic injury: chronic lesions are then occult and imperceptible! The chronic small intestinal coccidiosis is relatively hidden, the small intestinal coccidiosis is infected, the worm eggs are rapidly proliferated and propagated on the intestinal mucosa, a large amount of oxygen is consumed, cells of the intestinal mucosa generate a large amount of emulsion, the pH value of the intestinal tract is reduced, the pH value of the intestinal tract is changed, beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract are greatly reduced, harmful bacteria are greatly propagated, and the coccidiosis and the harmful bacteria cooperate with each other to damage and wither the cells of the intestinal mucosa and further die. The death cell fragments are bred with a large amount of harmful bacteria to cause more serious damage, enteritis and intestinal ulcer occur, intestinal syndrome is aggravated, pancreas secretion capability is reduced, various digestion functions are reduced or passivated, digestion capability is reduced, and feed nutrition is poorly absorbed in small intestines.

4. Viral and bacterial infections:

(1) viral infection:

because the solar term is saved in four hours, the air temperature changes greatly, and the temperature is adjusted unreasonably. Particularly, in the time periods of alternative seasons such as late autumn, early winter and late winter, livestock and poultry are easy to generate viral infection, and the infection of a plurality of viruses can become one of the inducements of enterovirus syndrome and myo-proventriculitis, wherein orthomyxoma, paramyxovirus, coronavirus, astrovirus and rotavirus are taken as the most common inducers, because the viruses cause damage to the absorption function of the digestive tract, the typical symptoms of infected poultries are dysplasia, growth retardation, diarrhea and the like, the viral infection is not easy to cause major loss generally, but when the infections are combined into secondary infection, the viral infection is easy to cause larger or major loss (such as avian influenza).

(2) Bacterial infection:

the bacteria can cause enterotoxin of animals, which is one of the causes of enterotoxin syndrome, and some bacterial diseases are also common bacteria in digestive tract or respiratory tract, such as corynebacterium rhinitis, escherichia coli, haemophilus parasuis, streptococcus and the like. The common pathogenic bacteria mainly comprise clostridium, and different subtypes can cause different clinical symptoms, wherein clostridium gallinarum causes ulcerative enteritis, clostridium welchii type A or C causes necrotic enteritis, clostridium putrefaciens causes gangrenous dermatitis, and clostridium botulinum causes general paralytic toxin poisoning symptoms, such as paralysis. Bacteria stimulate intestinal mucosa to accelerate and strengthen intestinal peristalsis, increase secretion and excretion of digestive juice, shorten retention time of feed through digestive tract, cause dyspepsia and poor absorption of nutrient substances.

At present, aiming at poultry without proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis, the method usually takes prevention as the main, implements feasible feeding management and disinfection system, and reduces various stress factors, such as uneven temperature, overlarge density and humidity, sudden material reduction, material increase and the like. The water tank, the material tank and the water fountain are cleaned and disinfected regularly to prevent diseases from entering the mouth. The feed is well dampproof, mildewproof, rat bite resistant and the like, and the damage stimulation to intestinal mucosa is reduced. Sufficient vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E and trace element selenium are given, so that the integrity of epithelial mucosa cells can be maintained and damaged cells can be repaired in time.

For sick poultry, the stress resistance and the allergy resistance of the Gaoshan Yuexiangwei Long powder and the Zengyue Weilong powder are usually added into the feed and the drinking water eaten by the poultry, so as to improve the immunity of the poultry. However, when the poultry is ill, the ill poultry cannot be effectively treated in time, damage can be stopped in time, normal growth of the poultry is affected, and great economic loss is often caused to breeding enterprises.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough microecological freeze-dried powder, which is used for treating poultry suffering from proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis by taking the prepared traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough microecological freeze-dried powder as an additive to be added into drinking water or chicken feed based on the research and analysis of pathology and etiology of poultry suffering from proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis, and can rapidly promote the growth of intestinal villi of the poultry, relieve the symptoms of feed feces, repair ulcer, swell, appetize and enable the poultry suffering from proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis to be effectively treated in time.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough micro-ecological freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:

step one, cicada slough is cleaned, dried and crushed into coarse powder, after microwave sterilization, pure water of 5-30 times is added for ultrasonic extraction, and the pH value of filtrate is adjusted to 5.7-6.5, so that a cicada slough extracting solution is obtained;

inoculating and culturing a chicken-derived J4 bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain in a bdellovibrio bacteriovorus liquid culture medium to obtain a bdellovibrio bacteriovorus liquid;

step three, slowly stirring the leech vibrio liquid and the cicada slough extracting solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;

introducing sterile air into the mixed solution for 5 minutes, then preserving heat and fermenting to finish the fermentation process to obtain fermentation liquor;

step five, carrying out low-temperature concentration on the fermentation liquor until the relative density is 1.05-1.10;

filtering by adopting a 400-mesh stainless steel screen to remove precipitates;

and seventhly, performing freeze drying after ultrafiltration to obtain freeze-dried powder.

Further, the ultrasonic extraction conditions in the first step are as follows: the ultrasonic power is 60-80W/L, the ultrasonic frequency is 35-40 KHz: the ultrasonic temperature is 25-40 ℃, and the ultrasonic time is 25-35 min.

Further, the culture conditions in the second step are as follows: shaking culture is carried out for 24 hours at 120 rpm at the early stage, and culture is carried out for 48 hours at the constant temperature of 32 ℃ at the later stage.

Further, the weight ratio of the mixture of the leech vibrio liquid and the cicada slough extracting solution in the third step is 0.005-0.01: 1.

further, the heat preservation fermentation conditions in the fourth step are as follows: fermenting for 24 hours at the temperature of 32-35 ℃.

Further, the low-temperature concentration conditions in the fifth step are as follows: the low-temperature membrane concentration method is adopted, and the temperature is less than 40 ℃ during concentration.

The invention also discloses application of the traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough micro-ecological freeze-dried powder for preventing and treating proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis of poultry.

Further, the usage and dosage are as follows: adding into drinking water or chicken feed as additive, stirring, adding 100L water or 100kg material per 100g, and continuously using for 5 days.

As the invention adopts the method and the process parameters, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that: the main components of the traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough contain keratin, 24 amino acids and a large amount of chitin and chitosan. The bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is inoculated after ultrasonic extraction, on one hand, the bdellovibrio bacteriovorus obtains nutrition in the cicada slough extracting solution and can rapidly grow and reproduce, on the other hand, the bdellovibrio bacteriovorus can effectively decompose cicada slough protein and sugar to obtain various easily absorbed amino acids, mycoprotein, fatty acid, vitamins and the like, can promote growth and metabolism of animals, promote wound healing and accelerate synthesis of hemoglobin. The traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough is subjected to microbial fermentation treatment to generate new functions and effects, and the traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough not only can enhance immunity after being fed to poultry, but also has unique effects in the aspects of treating chicken adenofibromyositis, enteritis and the like.

The traditional Chinese medicine periostracum Cicadae has antipyretic, tranquilizing, analgesic, and anticonvulsive effects, and the Bdellovibrio strain is JI-originated J4 Bdellovibrio provided by Nanjing agricultural university (effective viable count is not less than 5.0 × 10)⁵cfu/g), the total number of effective viable bacteria in the traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough micro-ecological freeze-dried powder obtained after the traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough is subjected to microbial fermentation is more than or equal to 1.0 × 10⁴cfu/g, and the content of amino acid is more than or equal to 12.0 percent. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus parasitizes other bacteria (can live without hosts) and can cause the bacteria to be cracked, and has strong cracking effect on pathogenic bacteria such as typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus and the like. The two are fermented and proliferated under certain conditions, so that the concentration of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine can be improved, the two have good effects on the aspects of treating chicken adenofibromyositis, enteritis and the like, and the clinical test result shows that the total effective rate reaches 97.3%.

In conclusion, the prepared traditional Chinese medicine cicada slough micro-ecological freeze-dried powder serving as an additive is added into drinking water or chicken feed and uniformly stirred, is used for treating poultry suffering from proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis, can rapidly promote growth of intestinal villi of the poultry, relieve the symptoms of feed feces, repair ulcer, swell and appetize, enables the poultry suffering from proventriculitis, myogastritis and enteritis to be effectively treated in time, and is suitable for the technical field of poultry breeding.

Detailed Description

The following examples illustrate the invention in detail. The raw materials and various devices used in the invention are conventional commercially available products, and can be directly obtained by market purchase.

In the following description of embodiments, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular process parameters, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known parameter selections and processing methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.

It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or groups thereof.

It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to" determining "or" in response to detecting ". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".

Furthermore, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for describing or implying relative importance.

Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.