阅读说明：本技术 电磁/力学性能多维渐变可控吸波结构3d打印系统及方法 (Electromagnetic/mechanical property multi-dimensional gradient controllable wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system and method ) 是由 李涤尘 杨东 曹毅 尹义发 张志坤 于 2020-06-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种电磁/力学性能多维渐变可控吸波结构3D打印系统及方法,系统包括3D打印腔体,3D打印腔体下侧设有加热板,加热板上设有成形平台,成形平台上直接打印成形吸波结构件,吸波结构件上部设有第一、第二打印头系统,3D打印腔体上侧设有温度控制器；吸波结构件是由多个单胞结构组成,单胞结构由框架结构和电磁结构组成；打印方法是通过设计软件将吸波结构件中的每个单胞结构分为框架结构和电磁结构,并进行切片分层生成打印数据；在同一层高内,用第一打印头系统打印框架结构,用第二打印头系统打印电磁结构,重复直至吸波结构件打印加工过程完成；本发明实现吸波结构电磁/力学性能多维渐变可控性制造,方法简单、安全可靠、操作方便。(A3D printing system and a method for a multi-dimensional gradient controllable wave-absorbing structure with electromagnetic/mechanical properties comprise a 3D printing cavity, wherein a heating plate is arranged on the lower side of the 3D printing cavity, a forming platform is arranged on the heating plate, a formed wave-absorbing structural member is directly printed on the forming platform, a first printing head system and a second printing head system are arranged on the upper part of the wave-absorbing structural member, and a temperature controller is arranged on the upper side of the 3D printing cavity; the wave-absorbing structural part consists of a plurality of unit cell structures, and each unit cell structure consists of a frame structure and an electromagnetic structure; the printing method is that each single cell structure in the wave-absorbing structural part is divided into a frame structure and an electromagnetic structure through design software, and the frame structure and the electromagnetic structure are sliced and layered to generate printing data; within the same layer height, printing the frame structure by using a first printing head system, printing the electromagnetic structure by using a second printing head system, and repeating until the printing and processing process of the wave-absorbing structural member is completed; the invention realizes the multi-dimensional gradient controllable manufacturing of the electromagnetic/mechanical properties of the wave-absorbing structure, and the method is simple, safe, reliable and convenient to operate.)

1. The utility model provides a controllable microwave absorbing structure 3D printing system of electromagnetism/mechanical properties multidimension gradual change, includes 3D and prints cavity (1), its characterized in that: a heating plate (2) is arranged on the lower side of the 3D printing cavity (1), a forming platform (3) is arranged on the heating plate (2), a forming wave-absorbing structural member (4) is directly printed on the forming platform (3), a first printing head system (5) and a second printing head system (15) are respectively arranged on the upper portion of the wave-absorbing structural member (4), and a temperature controller (16) is arranged on the upper side of the 3D printing cavity (1);

the wave-absorbing structural part (4) is composed of a plurality of unit cell structures (24), and each unit cell structure (24) is composed of a frame structure (17) and an electromagnetic structure (18).

2. The wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized in that: the first printing head system (5) is connected with the first three-dimensional moving support (6), and the second printing head system (15) is connected with the second three-dimensional moving support (14);

the first printing head system (5) is provided with a first cooling nozzle (11), and the first cooling nozzle (11) is connected with a cooling device (8) through a first pipeline (7); the second printing head system (15) is provided with a second cooling nozzle (12), and the second cooling nozzle (12) is connected with the cooling device (8) through a second pipeline (9);

the first cooling nozzle (11) and the second cooling nozzle (12) realize conformal local temperature regulation on the first printing head system (5) and the second printing head system (15) in the printing process.

3. The wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized in that: the single-cell structure (24) in the wave-absorbing structural member (4) is the same structure with the same size, or the same structure with different sizes, or different structures with different sizes, and the specific structural appearance is determined by the frame structure (17).

4. The wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized in that: the material of the frame structure (17) is polyether ether ketone, polylactic acid or ABS, and the structural appearance of the frame structure (17) comprises a tetrahedral structure (19), a body-centered cubic structure (20), a face-centered cubic structure (21), a honeycomb structure (22) and a wood pile structure (23).

5. The wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized in that: the electromagnetic structure (18) is formed by compounding hydroxyl iron powder, carbonyl iron powder, ferrite, graphene, carbon black, silicon carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fiber, thermoplastic resin and one or more of bonding materials.

6. The wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized in that: the first printing head system (5) prints a first material (10), and the second printing head system (15) prints a second material (13); the first print head system (5) prints the frame structure (17) using a first material (10) and the second print head system (15) prints the electromagnetic structure (18) using a second material (13).

7. The wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized in that: the second printing head system (15) is any structure or device capable of realizing the purpose of depositing the molten or bonding state electromagnetic material on the frame structure (17) according to the required shaping and quantitative deposition in the 3D printing process or after the 3D printing.

8. The wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized in that: the number of the second printing head systems (15) is one or more according to the use requirement of the electromagnetic materials.

9. The wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized in that: the temperature controller (16) can detect the temperature in the 3D printing cavity (1) and control the heating power of the heating plate (2), so that the temperature in the 3D printing cavity (1) can be controlled.

10. The printing method of the wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property being controlled in the multi-dimensional gradual change mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the first step is as follows: after the 3D printing system is started, the leveling work of the material preparation and forming platform (3) is completed, the temperature in the 3D printing cavity (1) is adjusted to a target temperature through the temperature controller (16) and the heating plate (2) according to requirements, and the first printing head system (5) and the second printing head system (15) are heated to the target temperature;

the second step is that: according to the requirements of wave-absorbing performance, dividing each single-cell structure (24) in the wave-absorbing structural member (4) into a frame structure (17) and an electromagnetic structure (18) through design software, selecting and manufacturing the single-cell structures (24) with different mechanical properties according to the structural appearance, size characteristics and materials of the frame structure (17), realizing controllable manufacturing of the electromagnetic property of each single-cell structure (24) according to the design and deposition of the appearance size and material types of the electromagnetic structure (18), and finally manufacturing the wave-absorbing structural member (4) with controllable mechanical properties in a multi-dimensional gradient manner through the combination and distribution of the single-cell structures (24) in a three-dimensional space;

the third step: according to the processing requirement, a frame structure (17) and an electromagnetic structure (18) in the wave-absorbing structural member (4) are sliced and layered through process software respectively, and printing data are generated;

the fourth step: in the same layer height, a first printing head system (5) is selected to print a frame structure (17) in a unit cell structure (24), at the moment, the temperature of the current printing area is regulated and controlled on line through a first cooling nozzle (11), and after printing is finished, a first three-dimensional moving support (6) is controlled to move the first printing head system (5) to the position right above the printing area;

the fifth step: in the same layer height, a second printing head system (15) is selected to print an electromagnetic structure (18) in a unit cell structure (24), at the moment, the temperature of the current printing area is regulated and controlled on line through a second cooling nozzle (12), and after printing is finished, a second three-dimensional moving support (14) is controlled to move the second printing head system (15) to the position right above the printing area;

and a sixth step: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step until the printing and processing process of the wave-absorbing structural part (4) is completed;

the seventh step: and after the temperature in the 3D printing cavity (1) is reduced to the room temperature, taking out the wave-absorbing structural member (4), and turning off the power supply of the equipment until the whole processing process is finished.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a 3D printing system and method of a multi-dimensional gradient controllable wave-absorbing structure with electromagnetic/mechanical properties.

Background

With the continuous progress of modern electronic technology, novel radars and advanced detectors are developed in a crossing manner, the air defense capability and the anti-conductance capability of countries in the world are enhanced increasingly, so that the threat of large-scale combat weapons such as airplanes, missiles, ships and the like is increased increasingly, and the 'discovery means destruction' gradually becomes an important characteristic of modern warfare, so that the electromagnetic stealth technology capable of improving the survivability and the penetration defense capability of a weapon system becomes a research hotspot of countries in the world. The traditional wave-absorbing material (ferromagnetic material and carbon medium material) and the manufacturing process have the characteristics of narrow wave-absorbing frequency band, mismatched impedance, large wave-absorbing layer thickness, difficult manufacturing and maintenance, difficulty in realizing the integrated forming of the structure and the stealth and the like, so that the electromagnetic stealth requirement of the future aircraft can not be met more and more.

The additive manufacturing technology provides a new opportunity for the high-freedom design and manufacture of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing structure by virtue of the technical advantages of 'layer-by-layer accumulation' in the manufacturing principle, the material-additive manufacturing technology can be used for directly forming and manufacturing powdery, liquid or material-like wave-absorbing composite raw materials according to the design requirements of electromagnetic properties, and different types/contents of wave-absorbing materials are formed into multi-layer-level composite wave-absorbing materials according with the impedance matching principle, so that a better wave-absorbing effect is realized. However, in the literature disclosed at present, the wave-absorbing material manufactured by the additive manufacturing technology can only satisfy impedance matching in a single specific direction (for example, the electromagnetic wave incident direction), and is limited by the 3D printing principle and the printing precision, and can only form various single homogeneous wave-absorbing materials according to different structures/duty ratios to realize the adjustment and control of the electromagnetic properties between different impedance matching layers. However, in practical application, various military-purpose wave-absorbing structural members often have complex shapes, the complex shape structures provide higher requirements for distribution, design, manufacturing and the like of electromagnetic performance in a three-dimensional space, and meanwhile, challenges are provided for mechanical bearing capacity of the wave-absorbing structural members, and no relevant solution is found at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a 3D printing system and a method of a multi-dimensional gradient controllable wave-absorbing structure with electromagnetic/mechanical properties, wherein a mechanical bearing part and an electromagnetic bearing part of the wave-absorbing structure are independently designed and formed, so that the special requirements of the complex wave-absorbing member on the electromagnetic properties at different parts of a three-dimensional space are met, the gradient design and manufacturing of electromagnetic parameters in any proportion can be realized according to an impedance matching theory, the isotropy of the electromagnetic properties of the wave-absorbing member is realized, and the high-strength absorption of the electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency domain is further realized; meanwhile, the customized manufacturing of the mechanical property of each part of the wave-absorbing structure is realized, namely the multi-dimensional gradient controllable manufacturing of the electromagnetic/mechanical property of the wave-absorbing structure is realized.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the utility model provides a controllable wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system of electromagnetism/mechanical properties multidimension gradual change, prints cavity 1 including 3D, and 1 downside of 3D printing cavity is equipped with hot plate 2, is equipped with shaping platform 3 on the hot plate 2, directly prints shaping wave-absorbing structure 4 on the shaping platform 3, and 4 upper portions of wave-absorbing structure are equipped with first printer head system 5 and second respectively and print head system 15, and 1 upside of 3D printing cavity is equipped with temperature controller 16.

The wave-absorbing structural part 4 is composed of a plurality of unit cell structures 24, and the unit cell structures 24 are composed of a frame structure 17 and an electromagnetic structure 18.

The single-cell structure 24 in the wave-absorbing structure 4 is the same structure with the same size, or the same structure with different sizes, or different structures with different sizes, and the specific structural appearance is determined by the frame structure 17.

The material of the frame structure 17 is any 3D printing raw material, including polyetheretherketone, polylactic acid, ABS, etc., and the structural shape of the frame structure 17 is any lattice structure, including but not limited to a tetrahedral structure 19, a body-centered cubic structure 20, a face-centered cubic structure 21, a honeycomb structure 22, a wood-pile structure 23, etc., and it may be any point, line, face, body structure capable of providing a support position for the electromagnetic structure 18.

The electromagnetic structure 18 is made of various microwave absorbing materials, and is formed by compounding hydroxyl iron powder, carbonyl iron powder, ferrite, graphene, carbon black, silicon carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fiber and the like with one or more materials such as thermoplastic resin and bonding materials.

The first printing head system 5 is connected with the first three-dimensional moving support 6, and the second printing head system 15 is connected with the second three-dimensional moving support 14.

The first print head system 5 is provided with a first cooling nozzle 11, and the first cooling nozzle 11 is connected with the cooling device 8 through a first pipeline 7.

The second print head system 15 is provided with a second cooling nozzle 12, and the second cooling nozzle 12 is connected with the cooling device 8 through a second pipeline 9.

The first cooling nozzle 11 and the second cooling nozzle 12 realize conformal local temperature regulation on the first printing head system 5 and the second printing head system 15 in the printing process.

The first printhead system 5 prints the first material 10 and the second printhead system 15 prints the second material 13.

The first print head system 5 uses the first material 10 for printing the frame structure 17 and the second print head system 15 uses the second material 13 for printing the electromagnetic structure 18.

The second print head system 15 adopts a wire feeding wheel type nozzle printing mode, or a screw extrusion type nozzle printing mode, or an injection molding type nozzle system, or a packing system, that is, the second print head system 15 is any structure or device as long as it can meet the requirement of shaping, quantitatively depositing, or injecting or coating the molten or bonding electromagnetic material on the frame structure 17 according to the requirement in the 3D printing process or after 3D printing.

The number of the second print head systems 15 is one or more according to the use requirement of the electromagnetic material.

Temperature controller 16 can detect the temperature in 3D prints cavity 1, can control the heating power of hot plate 2 again to it is controllable to realize that the temperature in 3D prints cavity 1.

The printing method based on the wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property multi-dimensional gradual change controllable comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: after the 3D printing system is started, the material preparation and the leveling work of the forming platform 3 are completed, the temperature in the 3D printing cavity 1 is adjusted to a target temperature through the temperature controller 16 and the heating plate 2 according to requirements, and the first printing head system 5 and the second printing head system 15 are heated to the target temperature;

the second step is that: according to the requirements of wave-absorbing performance, dividing each single-cell structure 24 in the wave-absorbing structural member 4 into a frame structure 17 and an electromagnetic structure 18 by design software, selecting and manufacturing the single-cell structures 24 with different mechanical properties according to the structural appearance, size characteristics and materials of the frame structure 17, realizing controllable manufacturing of the electromagnetic property of each single-cell structure 24 according to the design and deposition of the appearance size and material types of the electromagnetic structure 18, and finally manufacturing the wave-absorbing structural member 4 with controllable multi-dimensional gradual change of the mechanical properties by combination and distribution of the single-cell structures 24 in a three-dimensional space;

the third step: according to the processing requirement, respectively slicing and layering a frame structure 17 and an electromagnetic structure 18 in the wave-absorbing structural component 4 through process software, and generating printing data;

the fourth step: in the same layer height, the first printing head system 5 is selected to print the frame structure 17 in the unit cell structure 24, at the moment, the temperature of the current printing area is regulated and controlled on line through the first cooling nozzle 11, and the first three-dimensional moving support 6 is controlled to move the first printing head system 5 to the position right above the printing area after printing is finished;

the fifth step: in the same layer height, the second printing head system 15 is selected to print the electromagnetic structure 18 in the unit cell structure 24, at the moment, the temperature of the current printing area is regulated and controlled on line through the second cooling nozzle 12, and after printing is finished, the second three-dimensional moving support 14 is controlled to move the second printing head system 15 to the position right above the printing area;

and a sixth step: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step until the printing and processing process of the wave-absorbing structural part 4 is completed;

the seventh step: and after the temperature in the 3D printing cavity 1 is reduced to the room temperature, taking out the wave-absorbing structural part 4, and turning off the power supply of the equipment, so that the whole processing process is finished.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the wave-absorbing structural part 4 is formed by combining a single cell structure 24, the single cell structure 24 is formed by a frame structure 17 and an electromagnetic structure 18, the design of a multi-level structure based on function driving is met, the high-freedom design and manufacturing of the overall mechanics and electromagnetic performance of the wave-absorbing structural part 4 are realized, and the multi-dimensional gradual change controllability manufacturing of the mechanics performance and the electromagnetic performance of the wave-absorbing structural part 4 can be realized.

(2) The frame structure 17 and the electromagnetic structure 18 are respectively printed by the first printing head system 5 and the second printing head system 15, different processes and different nozzle diameters can be respectively selected for the two printing head systems, and the independence of the manufacturing processes of the frame structure 17 taking resin as a main material and the electromagnetic structure 18 taking high-content absorbent as a main material is realized.

(3) The first printing head system 5 and the second printing head system 15 are respectively provided with a first cooling nozzle 11 and a second cooling nozzle 12, and the heating plate 2 designed in the 3D printing cavity 1 can realize online temperature regulation and control of the current printing area.

(4) According to the practical application requirement, the unit cell structure 24 can be in the following five structural shapes: a tetrahedral structure 19, a body centered cubic structure 20, a face centered cubic structure 21, a honeycomb structure 22, a wood stack structure 23.

(5) According to the actual requirement, the second print head system 15 may be in a nozzle printing mode of a wire feeding wheel type, a screw extrusion type print nozzle mode, or an injection molding type nozzle system, that is, the second print head system 15 may be any structure or device as long as it can meet the requirement of shaping and quantitatively depositing the molten or bonded electromagnetic material on the frame structure 17 during or after 3D printing.

(6) According to actual needs, the unit cell structure 24 may be the same structure with the same size, the same structure with different sizes, or different structures with different sizes, and the specific structural shape is mainly determined by the frame structure 17.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with electromagnetic/mechanical properties controlled in a multi-dimensional gradual change manner.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a wave-absorbing structural member 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a unit cell structure 24 according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the tetrahedral structure 19 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a body centered cubic structure 20 according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a face centered cubic structure 21 according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the honeycomb structure 22 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a wood stack structure 23 according to the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with electromagnetic/mechanical properties being controlled in a multidimensional gradient manner comprises a 3D printing cavity 1, a heating plate 2 is arranged on the lower side of the 3D printing cavity 1, a forming platform 3 is arranged on the heating plate 2, and a wave-absorbing structural member 4 is directly printed on the forming platform 3; the wave-absorbing structural part 4 is composed of a plurality of single-cell structures 4, the upper part of the wave-absorbing structural part 4 is respectively provided with a first printing head system 5 and a second printing head system 15, the first printing head system 5 is connected with a first three-dimensional moving support 6, the first printing head system 5 is provided with a first cooling nozzle 11, and the first cooling nozzle 11 is connected with a cooling device 8 through a first pipeline 7; the second printing head system 15 is connected with the second three-dimensional moving support 14, a second cooling nozzle 12 is arranged on the second printing head system 15, and the second cooling nozzle 12 is connected with the cooling device 8 through a second pipeline 9; first material 10 is printed to first printer head system 5, and second material 13 is printed to second printer head system 15, and 3D prints the cavity 1 upside and is equipped with temperature controller 16, and temperature controller 16 can detect the temperature in 3D prints the cavity 1, can control the heating power of hot plate 2 again to it is controllable to realize the temperature in 3D prints the cavity 1.

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the wave-absorbing structural member 4 is composed of a plurality of unit cell structures 24, and each unit cell structure 24 is composed of a frame structure 17 and an electromagnetic structure 18; the unit cell structure 24 can be the same structure with the same size, the same structure with different sizes, or different structures with different sizes, and the specific structural appearance is determined by the frame structure 17; the frame structure 17 material may be any one of the commonly used 3D printing raw materials, including but not limited to polyetheretherketone, polylactic acid, ABS, etc.; the electromagnetic structure 18 is mainly composed of various microwave absorbing materials, and can be formed by compounding hydroxyl iron powder, ferrite, graphene, carbon black, silicon carbide, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fiber and the like with one or more materials such as thermoplastic resin and bonding materials; the electromagnetic/mechanical properties of the wave-absorbing structural member 4 are controlled in a multi-dimensional gradual change mode finally after various combination schemes of the frame structure 17 and the electromagnetic structure 18 are adopted.

As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, the frame structure 17 is any structure that provides mechanical properties to the wave-absorbing structure 4 and provides support points for deposition of the electromagnetic structure 18, and the external structure thereof may be a tetrahedron structure 19, a body-centered cubic structure 20, a face-centered cubic structure 21, a honeycomb structure 22, or a wood pile structure 23, which are only preferred embodiments of the frame structure 17, but not all of them, so long as the frame structure is suitable for the electromagnetic/mechanical properties multi-dimensional gradient controllable principle of the present invention, and the frame structure belongs to the category of the frame structure 17 regardless of the shape, structure, and size of the frame structure, and regardless of the material used.

The printing method based on the wave-absorbing structure 3D printing system with the electromagnetic/mechanical property multi-dimensional gradual change controllable comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: after the 3D printing system is started, the material preparation and the leveling work of the forming platform 3 are completed, the temperature in the 3D printing cavity 1 is adjusted to a target temperature through the temperature controller 16 and the heating plate 2 according to requirements, and the first printing head system 5 and the second printing head system 15 are heated to the target temperature;

the second step is that: according to the requirements of wave-absorbing performance, dividing each single-cell structure 24 in the wave-absorbing structural member 4 into a frame structure 17 and an electromagnetic structure 18 by design software, selecting and manufacturing the single-cell structures 24 with different mechanical properties according to the structural appearance, size characteristics and materials of the frame structure 17, realizing controllable manufacturing of the electromagnetic property of each single-cell structure 24 according to the design and deposition of the appearance size and material types of the electromagnetic structure 18, and finally manufacturing the wave-absorbing structural member 4 with controllable multi-dimensional gradual change of the mechanical properties by combination and distribution of the single-cell structures 24 in a three-dimensional space;

the third step: according to the processing requirement, respectively slicing and layering a frame structure 17 and an electromagnetic structure 18 in the wave-absorbing structural component 4 through process software, and generating printing data;

the fourth step: in the same layer height, the first printing head system 5 is selected to print the frame structure 17 in the unit cell structure 24, at the moment, the temperature of the current printing area is regulated and controlled on line through the first cooling nozzle 11, and the first three-dimensional moving support 6 is controlled to move the first printing head system 5 to the position right above the printing area after printing is finished;

the fifth step: in the same layer height, the second printing head system 15 is selected to print the electromagnetic structure 18 in the unit cell structure 24, at the moment, the temperature of the current printing area is regulated and controlled on line through the second cooling nozzle 12, and after printing is finished, the second three-dimensional moving support 14 is controlled to move the second printing head system 15 to the position right above the printing area;

and a sixth step: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step until the printing and processing process of the wave-absorbing structural part 4 is completed;

the seventh step: and after the temperature in the 3D printing cavity 1 is reduced to the room temperature, taking out the wave-absorbing structural part 4, and turning off the power supply of the equipment, so that the whole processing process is finished.