Packet detection in wireless communication networks for grid control
阅读说明:本技术 用于电网控制的无线通信网络中的包检测 (Packet detection in wireless communication networks for grid control ) 是由 庞智博 M·卢维索托 D·宗 于 2018-02-13 设计创作,主要内容包括:提供了用于在用于电网控制的无线通信网络中包检测的机制。无线通信网络采用包的基于时间的调度。一种方法由无线通信网络中的包接收器执行。该方法包括接收来自包发射器的包。该包包括前导码。前导码由单个OFDM符号构成并由样本序列表示。前导码的至少部分(基于争用)在包检测窗口内被接收。该方法包括执行包检测以便仅在包检测窗口内所接收的那些样本上查找包的起始。(Mechanisms are provided for packet detection in a wireless communication network for grid control. Wireless communication networks employ time-based scheduling of packets. A method is performed by a packet receiver in a wireless communication network. The method includes receiving a packet from a packet transmitter. The packet includes a preamble. The preamble is composed of a single OFDM symbol and is represented by a sequence of samples. At least a portion of the preamble is received (on a contention basis) within a packet detection window. The method includes performing packet detection to look for the start of a packet only on those samples received within a packet detection window.)
1. A method for packet detection in a wireless communication network (100) for grid control, the wireless communication network (100) employing time-based scheduling of packets (600), the method being performed by a packet receiver (200a) in the wireless communication network (100), the method comprising:
receiving (S102) a packet (600) from a packet transmitter (200b, 200c, …, 200N),
wherein the packet (600) comprises a preamble (610), wherein the preamble (610) is comprised of a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, symbol and is represented by a sequence of samples, and wherein at least a portion of the preamble (610) is received within a packet detection window (630); and the number of the first and second groups,
performing (S104) packet detection to find the start (640') of the packet (600) only on those samples received within the packet detection window (630).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing packet detection comprises determining a similarity metric value between a representation of those samples received within the packet detection window (630) and a default normalized test sequence.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the samples received within the packet detection window (630) define a test sequence, and wherein performing packet detection further comprises:
the test sequence is multiplied by a one-sample delayed copy of the test sequence (S104a), resulting in a multiplied test sequence.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein performing packet detection further comprises:
the multiplied test sequences are normalized with respect to their total power (S104b), resulting in a normalized test sequence.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein performing packet detection further comprises:
the normalized test sequence is associated with a default normalized test sequence (S104c), resulting in an associated test sequence.
6. The method of claim 2 or 5, wherein the default standardized test sequence is a default preamble (610) sequence.
7. The method of claims 2 and 5, wherein a representation of those samples received within the packet detection window (630) is defined by the normalized test sequence.
8. The method of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein performing packet detection further comprises:
identifying (S104d) samples in the test sequence for which the associated test sequence has its maximum value,
wherein the samples are determined to define the start (640') of the packet (600).
9. The method of claim 8, wherein performing packet detection further comprises:
comparing (S104e) the maximum value with a packet detection threshold, and
wherein the sample is determined to define the start (640') of the packet (600) only if the maximum value exceeds the packet detection threshold.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet detection window (630) is opened according to the time-based schedule.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet detection window (630) has a time length of between 100ns and 200ns, preferably between 125ns and 175ns, most preferably 150 ns.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet receiver (200a) is part of a gateway, a circuit breaker, a circuit protector, a transformer, or a switchgear.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet transmitter (200b, 200c, …, 200N) is part of a gateway, a circuit breaker, a circuit protector, a transformer, or a switchgear.
14. A packet receiver (200a) for packet detection in a wireless communication network (100) for grid control, the wireless communication network (100) employing time-based scheduling of packets (600), the packet receiver (200a) comprising processing circuitry (210) configured to cause the packet receiver (200a) to:
receiving a packet (600) from a packet transmitter (200b, 200c, …, 200N),
wherein the packet (600) comprises a preamble (610), wherein the preamble (610) is comprised of a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, symbol and is represented by a sequence of samples, and wherein at least a portion of the preamble (610) is received within a packet detection window (630); and;
performing packet detection to find the start (640') of the packet (600) only on those samples received within the packet detection window (630).
15. A computer program (820) for packet detection in a wireless communication network (100) for grid control, the wireless communication network (100) employing time-based scheduling of packets (600), the computer program comprising computer code which, when run on processing circuitry (210) of a packet receiver (200a), causes the packet receiver (200a) to:
receiving a packet (600) from a packet transmitter (200b, 200c, …, 200N),
wherein the packet (600) comprises a preamble (610), wherein the preamble (610) is comprised of a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, symbol and is represented by a sequence of samples, and wherein at least a portion of the preamble (610) is received within a packet detection window (630); and
performing packet detection to find the start (640') of the packet (600) only on those samples received within the packet detection window (630).
16. A computer program product (810) comprising a computer program (820) according to claim 15, and a computer readable storage medium (830), the computer program being stored on the computer readable storage medium.
Technical Field
Embodiments presented herein relate to a method, a packet receiver, a computer program and a computer program product for packet detection in a wireless communication network for grid control.
Background
Wireless networks for grid control (e.g. in substation automation) require low latency and high reliability. Currently available industrial wireless standards, such as wireless HART (HART is an abbreviation for "addressable remote sensor data highway") or wireless network-factory automation (WIA-FA) for industrial automation, do not provide very high performance in these respects, as they rely on a non-optimized Physical (PHY) communication layer. For example, WIA-FA is based on the IEEE802.11 g/n PHY layer, with a minimum transmission time of about 30 μ s for 100-bit packets, whereas many IEC 61850 compliant grid applications that are currently based on wired Local Area Networks (LANs) require a time slot of a few μ s or even less.
One reason for the long transmission time in IEEE802.11 is that a long preamble sequence is used at the PHY layer. However, the long preamble in IEEE802.11 is used for many purposes, including robust packet detection and timing synchronization, which is critical to ensure reliable message delivery. In this regard, packet detection generally refers to the process of approximately identifying the beginning of a packet, while timing synchronization generally refers to the process of finding the exact sample at the beginning of the useful portion (e.g., payload) of a packet.
Existing schemes for packet detection and timing synchronization (e.g. as disclosed in US 7480234B1 and US 7280621B 1) rely on the presence of long repetitive sequences in the packet preamble so that the packet receiver can first associate the preamble of a known transmission with the received samples in order to detect the packet and then associate the repeated portions to achieve accurate sample level synchronization. However, when the packet size is short (e.g., as is the case in grid control applications), using a long preamble is not efficient, and thus this fundamentally limits the achievable delay.
Therefore, there is still a need for improved packet detection in wireless communication networks suitable for grid control.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of embodiments herein to provide an efficient packet detection which is free from, or at least reduced or alleviated from, the above-mentioned problems.
According to a first aspect, a method for packet detection in a wireless communication network for grid control is presented. The wireless communication network employs time-based scheduling of packets. The method is performed by a packet receiver in the wireless communication network. The method includes receiving a packet from a packet transmitter. The packet (packet) includes a preamble. The preamble is composed of a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, symbol and is represented by a sequence of samples. At least a portion of the preamble is received within a packet detection window. The method includes performing packet detection to look for the start of the packet only on those samples received within the packet detection window.
According to a second aspect, a packet receiver for packet detection in a wireless communication network for grid control is presented. The wireless communication network employs time-based scheduling of packets. The packet receiver includes processing circuitry. The processing circuit is configured to cause the packet receiver to receive a packet from a packet transmitter. The preamble is composed of a single OFDM symbol and is represented by a sequence of samples. At least a portion of the preamble is received within a packet detection window. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the packet receiver to perform packet detection to look for the start of the packet only on those samples received within the packet detection window.
According to a third aspect, a computer program for packet detection in a wireless communication network for grid control is presented, the computer program comprising computer code which, when run on a packet receiver, causes the packet receiver to perform the method according to the first aspect described above.
According to a fourth aspect, a computer program product is proposed, comprising a computer program according to the third aspect, and a computer readable storage medium having the computer program stored thereon. The computer readable storage medium may be a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
Advantageously, this provides for efficient packet detection.
Advantageously, the proposed packet detection is free from the above-mentioned problems.
Advantageously, the proposed method allows an efficient packet structure, thereby enabling low-latency wireless communication.
In fact, reducing the preamble duration from 5 OFDM symbols (as in IEEE802.11 g) to only one OFDM symbol allows reducing the transmission time of 100-bit packets by nearly 5 times, thereby achieving transmission delays similar to wired communication networks.
Advantageously, the proposed method allows to perform robust packet detection and timing synchronization also when the preamble is short.
Advantageously, the use of a packet detection window allows disabling of the packet detection when not needed, thereby saving energy.
It should be noted that any feature of the first, second, third and fourth aspects may be applied to any other aspect where appropriate. Similarly, any advantages of the first aspect may equally apply to the second, third and/or fourth aspect, respectively, and vice versa. Other objects, features and advantages of the appended embodiments will become apparent from the following detailed disclosure, from the appended dependent claims and from the drawings.
In general, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a/an/the element, device, component, means, module, step, etc" are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of said element, device, component, means, module, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.
Drawings
The inventive concept will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a wireless communication network according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 schematically illustrates a packet receiver according to the prior art;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a packet structure according to the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method according to some embodiments;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing functional modules of a packet receiver according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates packet detection within a packet detection window according to an embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing functional units of a packet receiver according to an embodiment; and
FIG. 8 illustrates one example of a computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The inventive concept will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which certain embodiments of the inventive concept are shown. The inventive concept may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the inventive concept to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. Any steps or features illustrated by dashed lines should be considered optional.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a wireless communication network 100 to which embodiments disclosed herein are applied. The network entities, denoted as
Each
Fig. 2 schematically shows typical modules of a
As an illustrative example, fig. 3 schematically shows a packet structure of a
To achieve low latency for short packets exchanged in wireless networks for grid control applications, the size of the PHY layer preamble should be kept small, possibly limited to only a single Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. However, to ensure a good level of reliability, the
Accordingly, embodiments disclosed herein relate to mechanisms for packet detection in a wireless communication network 100 for grid control. To obtain such a mechanism, a
To achieve low latency, the packet structure is optimized and a short preamble is used. In addition, to ensure reliable communication, the packet start prediction mechanism also uses knowledge of packet scheduling, which allows simple and reliable packet detection and timing synchronization even with short preambles.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for packet detection in a wireless communication network 100 for grid control. The wireless communication network 100 employs time-based scheduling of packets. The method is performed by the
Assume that the node serving as the
s102:
The
At least a portion of the
Then, the
s104: the
Advantageously, this enables simultaneous packet detection and timing synchronization. As described above, packet detection generally refers to the process of approximately identifying the beginning of a (received)
Embodiments will now be disclosed relating to additional details of packet detection in the wireless communication network 100 for grid control performed by the
Referring to fig. 5 in parallel, fig. 5 shows the functional blocks of a
The
There are different ways to perform packet detection in step S104. Various embodiments related thereto will now be described in turn.
In some aspects, the packet detection in step S104 is based on comparing those samples received within the
There are different ways to derive a representation of a sample from the sample itself.
The
In particular, according to one embodiment, the samples received within the
step S104 a: the
In this way, the impact of frequency offset on detection performance is minimized.
The
step S104 b:
In this way, the detection process is independent of the received power.
The
step S104 c:
Thus, the representation of those samples received within the
The default standardized test sequence may have different examples. According to one embodiment, the default normalized test sequence is the default preamble sequence (also multiplied by its one-sample delayed copy and normalized).
The
step S104 d:
This enables accurate sampling of where the
In some aspects, the start 640' of the
step S104 e: the
Other aspects of the
In some aspects, as shown in fig. 6, the
The duration of the
May be based on the nominal distance d between the
The duration of the packet detection window (in seconds) should be set to:
where c is the speed of light, and c is 2.99792 m/s.
According to one embodiment, the
The duration W of the
as a non-limiting illustrative example, the maximum distance deviation is dmax20m, sample interval TsThe length of the packet detection window corresponding to W-3 samples is T-133.4 ns.
Using the
In addition, the use of the
Fig. 7 schematically illustrates, in a number of functional units, components of a
In particular, the
Thus, the
Fig. 8 illustrates one example of a
In the example of fig. 8, the
The inventive concept has been described above generally with reference to some embodiments. However, it is readily appreciated by a person skilled in the art that other embodiments than the ones disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the inventive concept, as defined by the appended patent claims.
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