阅读说明：本技术 一种苜蓿直贮复合添加剂及其使用方法 (Compound additive for direct storage of alfalfa and use method thereof ) 是由 刘忠宽 刘振宇 谢楠 秦文利 冯伟 智健飞 杨富裕 刘志伟 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种苜蓿直贮复合添加剂及其使用方法。添加剂重量份数组成：酸枣冻干粉30份,氯化钙与玉米淀粉混合液1100份,无水碳酸钾35份,果糖50份,各组分允许误差为±2%；所述氯化钙与玉米淀粉混合液是由下述重量份数的原料混合制成：10%氯化钙水溶液1000份,玉米粉100份,允许误差为±2%。使用方法：1在苜蓿见花期,在晴天将苜蓿直贮复合添加剂均匀喷施到田间苜蓿植株上,每亩喷施量30-35升；2苜蓿直贮复合添加剂喷施6-8小时后,进行苜蓿原料收获,切碎长度1.5-2.0cm3,直接进行拉伸膜裹包青贮,拉伸膜裹包层数6层,压实密度600-650kg/m<Sup>3</Sup>,发酵时间40-45天。本发明能够实现苜蓿直贮参数有效调控,抑制苜蓿直贮过程丁酸发酵和蛋白质降解,减少青贮过程干物质和养分损失。(The invention relates to a compound additive for directly storing alfalfa and a using method thereof. The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of wild jujube freeze-dried powder, 1100 parts of mixed solution of calcium chloride and corn starch, 35 parts of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 50 parts of fructose, wherein the allowable error of each component is +/-2%; the mixed solution of the calcium chloride and the corn starch is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of 10% calcium chloride aqueous solution and 100 parts of corn flour, wherein the allowable error is +/-2%. The using method comprises the following steps: 1, uniformly spraying the compound additive for directly storing the alfalfa to field alfalfa plants in a sunny day in the flowering period of the alfalfa, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 30-35 liters; 2 after spraying the compound additive for directly storing the alfalfa for 6 to 8 hours, harvesting the alfalfa raw materials, cutting the alfalfa raw materials into pieces with the length of 1.5 to 2.0cm3, directly carrying out stretch film wrapping and ensiling, wherein the number of the stretch film wrapping layers is 6, and the compaction density is 600- 3 And the fermentation time is 40-45 days. The method can realize effective regulation and control of alfalfa direct storage parameters, inhibit butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation in the alfalfa direct storage process, and reduce loss of dry matters and nutrients in the ensiling process.)

1. The compound additive for directly storing alfalfa is characterized in that: the composite additive is prepared by combining the following raw materials in parts by weight:

30 parts of wild jujube freeze-dried powder, 1100 parts of mixed solution of calcium chloride and corn starch, 35 parts of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 50 parts of fructose, wherein the allowable error of each component is +/-2%;

the mixed solution of the calcium chloride and the corn starch is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of 10% calcium chloride aqueous solution and 100 parts of corn flour, wherein the allowable error is +/-2%.

2. The use method of the compound additive for alfalfa direct storage as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps

Step one, in the flowering period of alfalfa, namely the initial flowering period, uniformly spraying the alfalfa direct storage compound additive to field alfalfa plants by using a spraying machine on sunny days, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 30-35 liters;

secondly, spraying the compound additive for directly storing the alfalfa for 6 to 8 hours, and then harvesting the alfalfa raw materials by adopting an ensiling combined harvester with a stalk fracturing function, wherein the cutting length is 1.5 to 2.0 cm;

thirdly, directly carrying out stretch film wrapping and ensiling by utilizing the harvested alfalfa raw materials, wherein the number of the stretch film wrapping layers is 6, and the compaction density is 600-³And the fermentation time is 40-45 days.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a compound additive for directly storing alfalfa and a using method thereof.

Background

Alfalfa is the pasture variety with the largest cultivation area in the world at present, and the cultivation area in China is more than 7000 million acres at present. The main products of alfalfa processing in China are dry grass bales and low-moisture alfalfa ensilage (semi-dry alfalfa ensilage). In the rain and heat synchronization of alfalfa main producing areas in China, the air humidity in rainy seasons is high, the harvesting and the processing of high-quality alfalfa hay are very difficult, and the loss of more than 30 percent can be caused by rain, fallen leaves and the like in the airing process. The low-moisture alfalfa ensiling still has the link of wilting and airing raw materials (generally requiring 0.5-1 day), so the risk of the alfalfa raw materials suffering from rain and the loss of nutrient substances caused by the airing process still exist; meanwhile, the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material is very easy to bring exogenous ash such as soil and atmospheric sediment in the processes of ridge collection, tedding and picking up, so that the exogenous ash content of the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling raw material is too high, and harmful microorganisms such as clostridium and the like are increased and butyric acid fermentation is caused; the mechanical operation links of the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling are more, which causes low ensiling operation efficiency and high processing cost, and the links become key factors for restricting the low-moisture alfalfa ensiling. The method does not need airing, and directly cuts and cuts the alfalfa, transports the alfalfa, stores the alfalfa (stretch film wrapped silage, bagged silage and the like) in a silo by using a silage harvesting machine, and directly stores the alfalfa, so that the problems can be well solved. But the alfalfa stored directly in the alfalfa ensiling raw material has high water content, low content of soluble sugar, less quantity of lactobacillus attached to the surface of leaves, inconvenient addition of the ensiling additive in subsequent processing (especially the ensiling after being wrapped by a stretching film and bagged ensiling), serious butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation in the ensiling process and the like. In recent years, the alfalfa direct storage silage additives applied at home and abroad mainly comprise single organic acids, compound organic acids, ammonium compounds and the like, although the alfalfa silage has certain improvement effect, the alfalfa silage quality is still not ideal, and the additives have certain corrosivity, have potential safety hazards to people, livestock and the environment, are imported from foreign countries at the same time, and have higher cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a compound additive for directly storing alfalfa and a using method thereof. The method can economically and conveniently realize effective regulation and control of the water content, the soluble sugar content and the lactic acid bacteria quantity of the alfalfa direct storage raw materials and light and simple addition of the silage additive, inhibit butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation in the alfalfa direct storage process, reduce the dry matter and nutrient loss in the silage process, and obviously improve the quality of the silage directly stored in the alfalfa.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention relates to an alfalfa direct storage composite additive which is prepared by combining the following raw materials in parts by weight:

30 parts of wild jujube freeze-dried powder, 1100 parts of mixed solution of calcium chloride and corn starch, 35 parts of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 50 parts of fructose, wherein the allowable error of each component is +/-2%;

the mixed solution of the calcium chloride and the corn starch is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of 10% calcium chloride aqueous solution and 100 parts of corn flour, wherein the allowable error is +/-2%.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a compound additive for directly storing alfalfa, which comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: preparing the compound additive for directly storing alfalfa:

(1) preparing wild jujube freeze-dried powder: firstly, selecting fresh wild jujube with good maturity, carrying out pretreatment such as cleaning, cutting, denucleating, blanching (90 ℃ for 1-2 min) and the like, then carrying out vacuum freezing and vacuum sublimation drying treatment on the pretreated wild jujube by adopting a freeze dryer, (the pre-freezing time is 5-5.5h, the temperature of a pre-freezing plate is-40 to-45 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained at about 5 Pa), then crushing by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain ultrafine wild jujube freeze-dried powder, and carrying out sealed moisture-proof packaging;

(2) preparing a mixed solution of calcium chloride and corn starch: weighing 1000g of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10%, then weighing 100g of corn starch, and fully dissolving in the calcium chloride aqueous solution;

(3) preparing the compound additive for directly storing alfalfa: after the corn starch is fully dissolved, 30g of wild jujube freeze-dried powder, 35g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 50g of fructose are added at one time, and the mixture is fully stirred and dissolved to obtain the alfalfa direct storage composite additive for later use.

The invention relates to a using method of the compound additive for directly storing alfalfa, which comprises the following steps:

step one, in the flowering period of alfalfa, namely the initial flowering period, uniformly spraying the alfalfa direct storage compound additive to field alfalfa plants by using a spraying machine on sunny days, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 30-35 liters;

secondly, after the compound additive for direct storage is sprayed for 6-8 hours, harvesting the alfalfa raw materials by adopting an ensiling combined harvester with a stalk fracturing function, and cutting the alfalfa raw materials into pieces with the length of 1.5-2.0 cm;

thirdly, directly carrying out stretch film wrapping and ensiling by utilizing the harvested alfalfa raw materials, wherein the number of the stretch film wrapping layers is 6, and the compaction density is 600-³And the fermentation time is 40-45 days.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to an alfalfa direct storage composite additive and a using method thereof, which effectively realize the effective regulation of the water content, the soluble sugar content and the lactic acid bacteria quantity of alfalfa direct storage raw materials and the light and simplified addition of the silage additive by applying the alfalfa direct storage composite additive, inhibit butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation in the alfalfa direct storage process, reduce the dry matter and nutrient loss in the alfalfa direct storage process, and obviously improve the quality of the silage directly stored by alfalfa.

The alfalfa silage prepared by the method has good color, smell and state, excellent fermentation quality, basically no butyric acid detected, less loss of dry matters and nutrient substances, improved palatability and digestibility, good feeding effect and safe, high-quality and high-efficiency alfalfa direct storage and feeding utilization. Therefore, the method effectively solves the problems of high water content of the alfalfa direct storage raw material, low content of soluble sugar, small quantity of lactobacillus attached to the surface of the leaves, inconvenient addition of the silage additive in subsequent processing, serious butyric acid fermentation and protein degradation in the silage process, low silage quality and the like, and has great significance for guiding the production of the alfalfa silage.

The method is economical and effective, is easy to operate, can be applied to all alfalfa production areas in China, and has important application value for solving the problems of difficult harvesting and processing, large loss, poor quality, high cost and the like of alfalfa hay and low-moisture alfalfa silage in China in rainy season and realizing the quality improvement and efficiency improvement of alfalfa direct storage.

The independently researched and developed alfalfa direct storage composite additive with the functions of reducing water, increasing sugar, proliferating lactic acid bacteria, inhibiting butyric acid fermentation, degrading protein and the like and the use method thereof are the key points for realizing the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of alfalfa direct storage.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified. The technical scheme of the invention is illustrated by taking alfalfa direct storage as an example.