阅读说明：本技术 一种凹版印刷版及凹版印刷版的制造方法 (Intaglio printing plate and manufacturing method thereof ) 是由 任明康 吴明伟 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于干法蚀刻技术领域,具体的说是一种凹版印刷版及凹版印刷版的制造方法,包括架体、蚀刻箱和送料架；所述送料架固连于架体两侧且对称设计；所述送料架倾斜设置；所述蚀刻箱通过送料架与架体固连；所述送料架上表面开设有滑动槽；所述蚀刻箱两侧开设有对称设计的第一滑槽；所述第一滑槽与滑动槽之间导通设计；所述第一滑槽贯穿蚀刻箱设计；所述蚀刻箱侧壁开设有对称设计的转动槽；所述转动槽用于容纳印刷版辊；所述转动槽底部开设有第一凹槽；所述第一凹槽“T”形设计；所述第一凹槽内弹性连接有支撑板；所述第一凹槽底部固连有电动推杆；所述转动槽与第一滑槽之间导通；所述蚀刻箱位于第一滑槽底部开设有第二滑槽和第三滑槽。(The invention belongs to the technical field of dry etching, and particularly relates to a gravure printing plate and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the manufacturing method comprises a frame body, an etching box and a feeding frame; the feeding frames are fixedly connected to two sides of the frame body and are symmetrically designed; the feeding frame is obliquely arranged; the etching box is fixedly connected with the frame body through the feeding frame; the upper surface of the feeding frame is provided with a sliding groove; first sliding grooves which are symmetrically designed are formed in two sides of the etching box; the first sliding groove and the sliding groove are in a conduction design; the first sliding groove penetrates through the design of the etching box; the side wall of the etching box is provided with symmetrically designed rotating grooves; the rotating groove is used for accommodating a printing plate roller; the bottom of the rotating groove is provided with a first groove; the first groove is in a T-shaped design; a supporting plate is elastically connected in the first groove; the bottom of the first groove is fixedly connected with an electric push rod; the rotating groove is communicated with the first sliding groove; the etching box is positioned at the bottom of the first sliding groove and is provided with a second sliding groove and a third sliding groove.)

1. A method of manufacturing a gravure printing plate, characterized in that: the manufacturing method of the gravure printing plate comprises the following steps:

s1: grinding and rolling steel to prepare a machine column, uniformly pressing an oleophylic copper-attached layer on the surface of the machine column by using a pressing process, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the machine column after copper attachment is finished, controlling the spraying content of the dilute sulfuric acid to be 30-50ml per square meter, and standing for 10-15min after spraying is finished;

s2: introducing the machine column which is subjected to standing in the S1 into an electroplating box, introducing electroplating solution with the ratio of chromic anhydride to sulfuric acid being 100:1.4 into the electroplating box, controlling the temperature of the electroplating solution to be 65-70 ℃, controlling the current density in the electroplating box to be 7-12A/dm2, and immediately drying after the electroplating to prepare a prefabricated printing plate roller;

s3: uniformly coating the surface of the dried prefabricated printing plate roller with an o-diazo system photoresist by using a centrifugal coating method, drying, printing down, developing, fixing a film, introducing into an etching machine, and controlling nitric acid gas in the etching machine to form a plasma group with moving characteristics between an upper electrode plate (3) and a lower electrode plate (31) to perform chemical-physical etching on the prefabricated printing plate roller;

s4: uniformly brushing the etched prefabricated printing plate roller in the S3 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, removing the surface protective film, drying to obtain a gravure printing plate, and loading the gravure printing plate into a printing machine to perform printing operation;

the etching machine in the S3 comprises a frame body (1), an etching box (2) and a feeding frame (11); the feeding frame (11) is fixedly connected to two sides of the frame body (1) and is symmetrically designed; the feeding frame (11) is obliquely arranged; the etching box (2) is fixedly connected with the frame body (1) through the feeding frame (11); the upper surface of the feeding frame (11) is provided with a sliding groove (12); first sliding grooves (21) which are symmetrically designed are formed in two sides of the etching box (2); the first sliding groove (21) and the sliding groove (12) are in a conduction design; the first sliding groove (21) penetrates through the etching box (2); the side wall of the etching box (2) is provided with symmetrically designed rotating grooves (22); the rotary groove (22) is used for accommodating a printing plate roller; a first groove (23) is formed in the bottom of the rotating groove (22); the first groove (23) is of a T-shaped design; a support plate (24) is elastically connected in the first groove (23); the bottom of the first groove (23) is fixedly connected with an electric push rod (25); the rotating groove (22) is communicated with the first sliding groove (21); the etching box (2) is positioned at the bottom of the first sliding groove (21) and is provided with a second sliding groove and a third sliding groove; a first elastic pressing plate (26) and a second elastic pressing plate (27) are respectively and elastically connected in the second sliding chute and the third sliding chute through springs; the second sliding groove and the third sliding groove are communicated with the first groove (23), and the communicated positions are positioned below the first elastic pressing plate (26), the second elastic pressing plate (27) and the supporting plate (24) and are hinged with a rotating rod (28); the inner cavity of the etching box (2) is designed; the two sides of the etching box (2) facing the inclined direction of the feeding frame (11) are provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole; sealing plates (29) are rotatably connected in the feed inlet and the discharge outlet; the top of the inner cavity of the etching box (2) is fixedly connected with an upper electrode plate (3); the top of the etching box (2) is fixedly connected with a ventilation box (4); the ventilation box (4) is externally connected with an air inlet pipe; the bottom of the ventilation box (4) is fixedly connected with uniformly distributed ventilation pipes (41); the air pipes (41) penetrate through the etching box (2) and the upper electrode plate (3); the bottom of the inner cavity of the etching box (2) is fixedly connected with a lower electrode plate (31); an air extractor (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame body (1) close to the etching box (2); the air pump (5) is communicated with the inner cavity of the etching box (2) through a pipeline; a first guide plate (32) and a second guide plate (33) are fixedly connected inside the etching box (2); the first guide plate (32) and the second guide plate (33) are used for guiding the ion flow formed by the electric field action of the upper electrode plate (3) and the lower electrode plate (31) and changing the motion trail of the ion flow.

2. The method of manufacturing a gravure printing plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first guide plate (32) and the second guide plate (33) are combined with each other to form an air port which is obliquely arranged and used for stabilizing the rotation direction of the printing plate roller.

3. The method of manufacturing a gravure printing plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the etching box (2) is designed in an arc shape; the pipeline of the air pump (5) is positioned in the etching box (2) and has an opening opposite to the wind direction formed by the first guide plate (32) and the second guide plate (33).

4. A method of manufacturing a gravure printing plate according to claim 3, characterized in that: a second groove (6) is formed in the bottom of the etching box (2); a ventilation plate (61) is fixedly connected in the second groove (6); the pipeline of the air pump (5) is communicated with the second groove (6); the ventilation plate (61) is provided with ventilation holes (62); the farther the distance between the ventilation plate (61) and the pipeline of the air extractor (5) is, the larger the duty ratio of the ventilation holes (62) formed in the surface of the ventilation plate is.

5. The method of manufacturing a gravure printing plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: a sliding rod (7) is fixedly connected above the second groove (6) of the etching box (2); the sliding rod (7) is connected with moving plates (71) which are uniformly distributed in a sliding manner; the moving plate (71) is hollow and filled with a light inert gas.

6. The method of manufacturing a gravure printing plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second chute is positioned below the first elastic pressing plate (26) and fixedly connected with a squeezing bag (8); a third groove is formed in one side, close to the etching box (2), of the sliding groove (12); an expansion bag (81) is fixedly connected in the third groove; a limiting rod (82) is connected in the third groove in a sliding manner; the squeezing bag (8) and the expansion bag (81) are communicated with each other.

7. A gravure printing plate roll design characterized by: the intaglio printing plate is manufactured by using the method for manufacturing an intaglio printing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6; the gravure printing plate comprises a machine column, a copper-attached layer and a chromium-plated layer; the surface of the chromium coating is uniformly coated with a protective film containing an ortho-diazo system photoresist by using a centrifugal coating method; the gravure printing plate can be stored in a dark place for a long time, and can be molded after printing, developing, film fixing, etching and film removing when engraving is needed.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of dry etching, and particularly relates to a gravure printing plate and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

The printing plate is called printing plate for short. The carrier for transferring printing ink to printing pictures and texts on a printing stock can be classified into relief printing plates, intaglio printing plates, lithographic printing plates and porous printing plates, and the banknote products refer to banknotes and securities, so that the printing quantity is large, and the requirement on the printing endurance of the printing plate is high. The banknote printing in China has been widely carried out by adopting a printing plate with a structure of double-layer or multi-layer metal with extremely high printing resistance, and the offset lithographic printing resistance of the structure is stabilized to more than 150 thousands of prints. The manufacturing method of the printing plate mainly adopts a chemical etching method at present, and the basic process flow is as follows: the method comprises the steps of selecting and manufacturing plates with double-layer or multi-layer metal structures, configuring photoresist one by one, cleaning the surfaces of the plates one by one, coating, developing one by one, overhauling one by one, exposing one by one, corroding one by one, stripping one by one, overhauling one by one, and cutting one by one. Namely, when plate making, firstly preparing photoresist (photoresist), then coating the photoresist on a pre-synthesized double-layer or multi-layer metal plate by a centrifugal coating method, drying the photoresist, then using a reverse positive image film to print the plate by a high-power ultraviolet light source printing machine, wherein the photoresist of the visible light part is crosslinked and solidified in the printing process, the photoresist of the invisible light part still keeps the original character, pouring developing solution on the exposed plate surface, manually brushing the exposed plate surface by a hairbrush or a felt brush until the photoresist of the invisible light part completely falls off to expose the metal layer below the exposed plate surface, then manually inspecting and repairing the exposed plate surface, further crosslinking and solidifying the photoresist layer by secondary exposure to enhance the corrosion resistance, manually corroding the exposed metal layer by strong acid until the second metal is completely exposed, and then removing the photoresist layer, and finally, the printing plate is manufactured through maintenance, but in the existing etching method, the flow rate of chemical gas in the etching box is different due to the existence of the air extractor in the etching process, and the difference of the activity degree of reactants at the center and around the upper electrode plate easily causes different etching uniformity, so that the etching effect is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a gravure printing plate and a manufacturing method thereof, aiming at making up for the defects of the prior art and solving the problems that the chemical gas flow velocity in an etching box is different due to the existence of an air extractor in the etching process, and the etching uniformity is different due to the difference of the activity degree of reactants at the center and around an upper electrode plate, so that the etching effect is poor.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the manufacturing method of the gravure printing plate comprises the following steps:

s1: grinding and rolling steel to prepare a machine column, uniformly pressing an oleophylic copper-attached layer on the surface of the machine column by using a pressing process, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the machine column after copper attachment is finished, controlling the spraying content of the dilute sulfuric acid to be 30-50ml per square meter, and standing for 10-15min after spraying is finished; spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution on the machine column after copper attachment is finished, and carrying out activation treatment on the surface of the copper-attached layer, so that a subsequent electroplating process is conveniently carried out;

s2: introducing the machine column which is subjected to standing in the S1 into an electroplating box, introducing electroplating solution with the ratio of chromic anhydride to sulfuric acid being 100:1.4 into the electroplating box, controlling the temperature of the electroplating solution to be 65-70 ℃, controlling the current density in the electroplating box to be 7-12A/dm2, and immediately drying after the electroplating to prepare a prefabricated printing plate roller; the proportion of chromic anhydride and sulfuric acid is controlled, so that the hardness of a chromium layer formed by electroplating is effectively higher, the surface glossiness is stronger, and the drying treatment is carried out immediately after the electroplating is finished, so that hydrogen entering the chromium layer during electroplating can be effectively evaporated, and the phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement of the chromium layer is avoided, so that the durability of the prepared chromium coating is insufficient;

s3: uniformly coating the surface of the dried prefabricated printing plate roller with an o-diazo system photoresist by using a centrifugal coating method, drying, printing down, developing, fixing a film, introducing into an etching machine, and controlling nitric acid gas in the etching machine to form a plasma group with a moving characteristic between an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate to perform chemical-physical etching on the prefabricated printing plate roller; the dry etching machine is used for simultaneously carrying out chemical corrosion and ion impact, so that on one hand, the etching rate is higher, and meanwhile, the glossiness of an etched part is better;

s4: uniformly brushing the etched prefabricated printing plate roller in the S3 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, removing the surface protective film, drying to obtain a gravure printing plate, and loading the gravure printing plate into a printing machine to perform printing operation;

the etching machine in S3 comprises a frame body, an etching box and a feeding frame; the feeding frames are fixedly connected to two sides of the frame body and are symmetrically designed; the feeding frame is obliquely arranged; the etching box is fixedly connected with the frame body through the feeding frame; the upper surface of the feeding frame is provided with a sliding groove; first sliding grooves which are symmetrically designed are formed in two sides of the etching box; the first sliding groove and the sliding groove are in a conduction design; the first sliding groove penetrates through the design of the etching box; the side wall of the etching box is provided with symmetrically designed rotating grooves; the rotating groove is used for accommodating a printing plate roller; the bottom of the rotating groove is provided with a first groove; the first groove is in a T-shaped design; a supporting plate is elastically connected in the first groove; the bottom of the first groove is fixedly connected with an electric push rod; the rotating groove is communicated with the first sliding groove; the etching box is positioned at the bottom of the first sliding groove and is provided with a second sliding groove and a third sliding groove; a first elastic pressing plate and a second elastic pressing plate are elastically intercepted in the second sliding chute and the third sliding chute through springs respectively; the second sliding groove and the third sliding groove are communicated with the first groove, and the communicated positions are positioned below the first elastic pressing plate, the second elastic pressing plate and the supporting plate and are hinged with a rotating rod; the design of the inner cavity of the etching box; a feeding hole and a discharging hole are formed in the two sides of the etching box facing the inclined direction of the feeding frame; sealing plates are rotatably connected in the feed inlet and the discharge outlet; the top of the inner cavity of the etching box is fixedly connected with an upper electrode plate; the top of the etching box is fixedly connected with a ventilation box; the ventilation box is externally connected with an air inlet pipe; the bottom of the ventilation box is fixedly connected with uniformly distributed ventilation pipes; the air pipes penetrate through the etching box and the upper electrode plate; the bottom of the inner cavity of the etching box is fixedly connected with a lower electrode plate; an air extractor is fixedly connected to the frame body close to the bottom of the etching box; the air pump is communicated with the inner cavity of the etching box through a pipeline; a first guide plate and a second guide plate are fixedly connected inside the etching box; the first guide plate and the second guide plate are used for guiding ion current formed by the action of electric fields of the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate and changing the motion trail of the ion current; during dry etching in the prior art, ion flow is used for impacting the surface of an object, the center of an upper electrode plate has higher activity and the periphery of the upper electrode plate has lower activity when low-pressure gas is released, so that the etching rates are different, the object is not enough in the prior art when the object is kept standing and etched, when the device works, a printing plate roller is placed in a sliding groove, the printing plate roller slides downwards along the sliding groove under the action of gravity until entering a first sliding groove, the printing plate roller extrudes a first elastic pressing plate in the continuous sliding process and finally falls into a rotating groove to produce an extrusion effect on a supporting plate, the supporting plate moves downwards in a first groove to further extrude a rotating rod to enable the rotating rod to rotate to support the first elastic pressing plate and a second elastic pressing plate, and at the moment, the low-pressure gas is input into a ventilation box through an air inlet pipe and enters between the upper electrode plate and, the low-pressure gas is guided by the first guide plate and the second guide plate to vertically scour the printing plate rollers in the rotating groove in the impacting process, chemical erosion and ion impact are carried out on the parts, without protection layers, of the surfaces of the printing plate rollers, so that the surfaces of the printing plate rollers are regularly sunken, the low-pressure plasma gas and the chromium layers on the surfaces of the printing plate rollers form gaseous products, the gaseous products are extracted by the air extractor, the airflow rate in the etching box is higher, an impacting effect is further formed, the printing plate rollers rotate in the rotating groove, the surfaces of the printing plate rollers are uniformly impacted, etching is more comprehensive, the plasma flows are converged by the first guide plate and the second guide plate, so that the plasma flows are intensively impacted, and the etching speed is effectively accelerated, compared with the etching in the fixed direction between the ion flow and the etching object, the etching device has the advantages that the uniformity can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the impact force of the ion flow on the printing plate roller can be effectively enhanced, the etching speed is accelerated, after the etching is finished, the supporting plate is communicated with the printing plate roller through the electric push rod to be pushed upwards, the supporting effect of the rotating rod on the first elastic pressing plate and the second elastic pressing plate is cancelled, the second elastic pressing plate can freely slide in the third sliding groove, the etched printing plate roller extrudes the second elastic pressing plate under the action of gravity, and the etching flows to the next process through the sliding groove.

Preferably, the first guide plate and the second guide plate are combined with each other to form an air port which is obliquely arranged and used for stabilizing the rotation direction of the printing plate roller; the first guide plate and the second guide plate gather ion flow with acceleration between the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate, and the ion flow is washed on the printing plate roller, so that the printing plate roller is impacted, but due to vertical impact, the impact area is smaller, and the printing plate roller is not easy to form regular rotation, during operation, the inclination angles of the first guide plate and the second guide plate are adjusted, so that the plasma flow guided by the first guide plate and the second guide plate is impacted after being inclined with the printing plate roller, so that the acting force of the plasma flow on the printing plate roller is in the same direction, the printing plate roller rotates in the same direction in the rotating groove, the surface of the printing plate roller is uniformly etched in the rotating process, on one hand, after the rotating direction is fixed, the rotating speed tends to be gentle, the etching uniformity is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the contact area between the plasma flow and the printing plate roller is larger due to, thereby effectively increasing the etching rate.

Preferably, the bottom of the etching tank is designed in an arc shape; the air extractor pipeline is positioned in the etching box, and the opening of the air extractor pipeline is opposite to the wind direction formed by the first guide plate and the second guide plate; during operation, the air extractor extracts products generated by reaction between low-pressure gas and the printing plate roller, the air extractor pipeline is arranged at a position opposite to the wind direction formed by the first guide plate and the second guide plate, and further, the air flow direction of plate circulation is formed in the etching box, so that the contact area between the air flow and the printing plate roller is effectively increased in the flowing process of the air flow in the etching box, on one hand, the contact time between the air flow and the printing plate roller is prolonged in the flowing process of the air flow, and further, the reaction proportion between chemical gas in the air flow and the printing plate roller is improved, meanwhile, the semi-circulation type air flow direction can also perform synergistic action on the rotation of the printing plate roller in the rotating groove, and the problem that the printing plate roller rotates at a slow speed in the rotating groove due to insufficient impulsive.

Preferably, the bottom of the etching tank is provided with a second groove; a ventilating plate is fixedly connected in the second groove; the air pump pipeline is communicated with the second groove; the air permeable plate is provided with air holes; the farther the distance between the air permeable plate and the air extractor pipeline is, the larger the duty ratio of the air permeable holes formed in the surface of the air permeable plate is; because the air extractor pipeline is bled in the etching incasement, and then it is very fast to make the air extractor pipeline be located the etching incasement opening department air current velocity of flow, and then the position gaseous reactant concentration that makes the vertical air extractor pipeline of keeping away from is lower, and then make etching rate have the difference, cause the etching degree of consistency not enough, in operation, the air extractor extracts the gas in the second recess, and then make and form the negative pressure in the second recess, the second recess extracts the gas in the etching case through the venthole, because the ventplate is far away from the air extractor pipeline, the bleeder vent duty cycle that its surface was seted up is big more, thereby set up through the bleeder vent and adjust the velocity of flow, and then make the etching degree of consistency better.

Preferably, a sliding rod is fixedly connected above the second groove of the etching box; the sliding rods are connected with moving plates which are uniformly distributed in a sliding manner; the moving plate is hollow and filled with light inert gas; when the air extractor works, air is extracted by the air extractor, negative pressure is formed in the second groove, air flow in the etching box is extracted through the air vents, and when flow speed difference exists between the air flow in the extraction process, the movable plate on the sliding rod is filled with light inert gas, so that the sensitivity of the movable plate to the air flow is enhanced, the movable plate automatically moves to the position where the air flow speed is high, the adjustment effect is further played, the air flow waterfall effect formed by the air extractor is weakened, and the etching uniformity is further enhanced.

Preferably, the second chute is positioned below the first elastic pressing plate and fixedly connected with a squeezing bag; a third groove is formed in one side, close to the etching box, of the sliding groove; an expansion bag is fixedly connected in the third groove; a limiting rod is connected in the third groove in a sliding manner; the extrusion bag and the expansion bag are communicated with each other; during operation, the printing plate roller extrudes the first elastic pressing plate downwards under the action of gravity, so that the extrusion bag is deformed under the action of extrusion force, the deformed extrusion bag inputs internal gas into the expansion bag, and the limiting rod in the third groove is lifted to limit other printing plate rollers on the sliding groove, so that the plurality of printing plate rollers are prevented from entering the etching box at the same time.

A gravure printing plate, the said gravure printing plate roll-shaped design, the said gravure printing plate includes the column, attaches the copper layer, chromium coating; the surface of the chromium coating is uniformly coated with a protective film containing an ortho-diazo system photoresist by using a centrifugal coating method; the gravure printing plate can be stored in a dark place for a long time, and can be molded after printing, developing, film fixing, etching and film removing when engraving is needed; the manufacture of the gravure printing plate is divided into two steps, when the engraving is required to be completed, on one hand, the engraving can be carried out in a large scale for preparing and storing engraved versions in advance, follow-up matters are facilitated, meanwhile, the protective layer is used for protecting and covering the chromium layer, the storage time of the gravure printing plate can be effectively prolonged, and rust and the like generated on the metal exposed part of the gravure printing plate in the long-time standing process are avoided.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention relates to a gravure printing plate and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein low-pressure gas is input into a ventilation box through an air inlet pipe, and enters between the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate through the vent pipe, the low-pressure gas is effectively formed into plasma flow by electromotive force in an electric field formed by the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate and impacts towards the direction of the lower electrode plate, the printing plate roller in the rotating groove is vertically washed by the guidance of the first guide plate and the second guide plate in the impact process, chemical erosion and ion impact are carried out on the part without the protective layer on the surface of the printing plate roller, so that the surface of the printing plate roller forms regular pits, low-pressure plasma gas and the chromium layer on the surface of the printing plate roller form a gaseous product, the gaseous product is extracted by an air extractor, the airflow rate in the etching box is faster, thereby forming an impact action to enable the printing plate roller to rotate in the rotating groove, and further enabling the surface of the printing plate roller to be impacted uniformly.

2. According to the gravure printing plate and the manufacturing method of the gravure printing plate, the air permeable holes and the moving plate on the sliding column are arranged, the air ratio of the air permeable holes on the air permeable plate is adjusted to effectively adjust the flow velocity of air flow, so that the etching uniformity is better, meanwhile, the moving plate automatically moves to the position with the higher air flow velocity, so that the adjusting effect is achieved, the air flow waterfall effect formed by the air extractor is weakened, and the etching uniformity is enhanced.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the etcher;

FIG. 3 is a rear view of the etcher;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an etcher;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at A;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an etch chamber;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an etcher;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 7 at B;

in the figure: the device comprises a frame body 1, an etching box 2, a feeding frame 11, a sliding groove 12, a first sliding groove 21, a rotating groove 22, a first groove 23, a supporting plate 24, an electric push rod 25, a first elastic pressing plate 26, a second elastic pressing plate 27, a rotating rod 28, a sealing plate 29, an upper electrode plate 3, a lower electrode plate 31, a first guide plate 32, a second guide plate 33, a ventilation box 4, a ventilation pipe 41, an air extractor 5, a second groove 6, a ventilation plate 61, an air hole 62, a sliding rod 7, a moving plate 71, an extrusion bag 8, an expansion bag 81 and a limiting rod 82.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a method of manufacturing a gravure printing plate according to the present invention includes the steps of:

s1: grinding and rolling steel to prepare a machine column, uniformly pressing an oleophylic copper-attached layer on the surface of the machine column by using a pressing process, uniformly spraying a dilute sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the machine column after copper attachment is finished, controlling the spraying content of the dilute sulfuric acid to be 30-50ml per square meter, and standing for 10-15min after spraying is finished; spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution on the machine column after copper attachment is finished, and carrying out activation treatment on the surface of the copper-attached layer, so that a subsequent electroplating process is conveniently carried out;

s2: introducing the machine column which is subjected to standing in the S1 into an electroplating box, introducing electroplating solution with the ratio of chromic anhydride to sulfuric acid being 100:1.4 into the electroplating box, controlling the temperature of the electroplating solution to be 65-70 ℃, controlling the current density in the electroplating box to be 7-12A/dm2, and immediately drying after the electroplating to prepare a prefabricated printing plate roller; the proportion of chromic anhydride and sulfuric acid is controlled, so that the hardness of a chromium layer formed by electroplating is effectively higher, the surface glossiness is stronger, and the drying treatment is carried out immediately after the electroplating is finished, so that hydrogen entering the chromium layer during electroplating can be effectively evaporated, and the phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement of the chromium layer is avoided, so that the durability of the prepared chromium coating is insufficient;

s3: uniformly coating the surface of the dried prefabricated printing plate roller with an o-diazo system photoresist by using a centrifugal coating method, drying, printing down, developing, fixing a film, introducing into an etching machine, and controlling nitric acid gas in the etching machine to form a plasma group with a moving characteristic between an upper electrode plate 3 and a lower electrode plate 31 to carry out chemical-physical etching on the prefabricated printing plate roller; the dry etching machine is used for simultaneously carrying out chemical corrosion and ion impact, so that on one hand, the etching rate is higher, and meanwhile, the glossiness of an etched part is better;

s4: uniformly brushing the etched prefabricated printing plate roller in the S3 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, removing the surface protective film, drying to obtain a gravure printing plate, and loading the gravure printing plate into a printing machine to perform printing operation;

the etching machine in S3 comprises a frame body 1, an etching box 2 and a feeding frame 11; the feeding frames 11 are fixedly connected to two sides of the frame body 1 and are symmetrically designed; the feeding frame 11 is arranged obliquely; the etching box 2 is fixedly connected with the frame body 1 through the feeding frame 11; the upper surface of the feeding frame 11 is provided with a sliding groove 12; the two sides of the etching box 2 are provided with first sliding chutes 21 which are symmetrically designed; the first sliding groove 21 and the sliding groove 12 are designed to be communicated; the first sliding chute 21 penetrates through the etching box 2; the side wall of the etching box 2 is provided with symmetrically designed rotating grooves 22; the rotary groove 22 is used for accommodating a printing plate roller; the bottom of the rotating groove 22 is provided with a first groove 23; the first groove 23 is in a T-shaped design; a support plate 24 is elastically connected in the first groove 23; the bottom of the first groove 23 is fixedly connected with an electric push rod 25; the rotating groove 22 is communicated with the first sliding groove 21; the etching box 2 is positioned at the bottom of the first sliding groove 21 and is provided with a second sliding groove and a third sliding groove; a first elastic pressing plate 26 and a second elastic pressing plate 27 are respectively and elastically connected in the second sliding chute and the third sliding chute through springs; the second sliding chute and the third sliding chute are communicated with the first groove 23, and the communicated positions are positioned below the first elastic pressing plate 26, the second elastic pressing plate 27 and the supporting plate 24 and are hinged with a rotating rod 28; the inner cavity design of the etching box 2; a feeding hole and a discharging hole are formed in the two sides of the etching box 2 facing the inclined direction of the feeding frame 11; sealing plates 29 are rotatably connected in the feed inlet and the discharge outlet; the top of the inner cavity of the etching box 2 is fixedly connected with an upper electrode plate 3; the top of the etching box 2 is fixedly connected with a ventilation box 4; the ventilation box 4 is externally connected with an air inlet pipe; the bottom of the ventilation box 4 is fixedly connected with uniformly distributed ventilation pipes 41; the breather pipes 41 penetrate through the etching box 2 and the upper electrode plate 3; the bottom of the inner cavity of the etching box 2 is fixedly connected with a lower electrode plate 31; an air extractor 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame body 1 close to the etching box 2; the air pump 5 is communicated with the inner cavity of the etching box 2 through a pipeline; a first guide plate 32 and a second guide plate 33 are fixedly connected inside the etching box 2; the first guide plate 32 and the second guide plate 33 are used for guiding ion flow formed by the electric field action of the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate 31 and changing the motion track of the ion flow; during dry etching in the prior art, ion flow is used for impacting the surface of an object, because low-pressure gas is released, the activity of the low-pressure gas at the center of the upper electrode plate 3 is higher, and the activity of the low-pressure gas at the periphery is lower, so that the etching rates are different, and in the prior art, the object is kept still and etched with insufficient uniformity, when the dry etching device works, a printing plate roller is placed in the sliding groove 12, the printing plate roller slides downwards along the sliding groove 12 under the action of gravity until entering the first sliding groove 21, and presses the first elastic pressing plate 26 and finally falls into the rotating groove 22 in the continuous sliding process, so that an extrusion effect is generated on the support plate 24, the support plate 24 moves downwards in the first groove 23, further the rotating rod 28 is pressed to rotate the rotating rod 28 to support the first elastic pressing plate 26 and the second elastic pressing plate 27, at the moment, low-pressure gas is input into the ventilation box 4 through the gas inlet pipe, the low-pressure gas is subjected to electromotive force in an electric field formed by the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate 31 to effectively form plasma flow, and impacts towards the direction of the lower electrode plate 31, and is guided by the first guide plate 32 and the second guide plate 33 to vertically scour against the printing plate roller in the rotating groove 22 in the impacting process, so that the unprotected part of the surface of the printing plate roller is subjected to chemical erosion and ion impact, and further the surface of the printing plate roller is regularly depressed, the low-pressure plasma gas and the chromium layer on the surface of the printing plate roller form a gaseous product, and the gaseous product is extracted by the air extractor 5, so that the gas flow rate in the etching box 2 is higher, and further an impact effect is formed to enable the printing plate roller to rotate in the rotating groove 22, so that the surface of the printing plate roller is uniformly impacted, the etching is performed more comprehensively, the plasma flow is converged by the first guide plate 32 and the second guide plate 33, meanwhile, compared with the etching in the fixed direction between the ion flow and the etching object, the uniformity can be effectively improved by the rotary etching mode, meanwhile, the impact strength of the ion flow on the printing plate roller can be effectively enhanced, so that the etching speed is accelerated, after the etching is finished, the electric push rod 25 is used for enabling the support plate 24 to be communicated with the printing plate roller to be pushed upwards, so that the support effect of the rotary rod 28 on the first elastic pressing plate 26 and the second elastic pressing plate 27 is cancelled, the second elastic pressing plate 27 can freely slide in the third sliding groove, the etched printing plate roller extrudes the second elastic pressing plate 27 under the action of gravity, and the etching liquid flows to the next process through the sliding groove 12.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the first diversion plate 32 and the second diversion plate 33 are combined with each other to form an air port arranged obliquely for stabilizing the rotation direction of the printing plate roller; the first flow guiding plate 32 and the second flow guiding plate 33 converge the ion flow with acceleration between the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate 31, and wash the ion flow on the printing plate roller, so that the printing plate roller receives impact force, but due to vertical impact, not only the impact area is small and the printing plate roller is not easy to form regular rotation, during operation, the inclination angles of the first flow guiding plate 32 and the second flow guiding plate 33 are adjusted, so that the plasma flow guided by the first flow guiding plate 32 and the second flow guiding plate 33 is impacted with the printing plate roller after being inclined, so that the acting force of the plasma flow on the printing plate roller is in the same direction, so that the printing plate roller rotates in the same direction in the rotating groove 22, and the surface of the printing plate roller is uniformly etched in the rotating process, on one hand, after the rotating direction is fixed, the rotating speed tends to be gentle, the etching uniformity is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the contact area between the, thereby effectively increasing the etching rate.

As an embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the etching chamber 2 is designed in an arc shape; the air extractor 5 pipeline is positioned in the etching box 2, and the opening of the air extractor 5 pipeline is opposite to the air direction formed by the first guide plate 32 and the second guide plate 33; during operation, the air extractor 5 extracts a product generated by a reaction between low-pressure gas and the printing plate roller, the pipeline of the air extractor 5 is arranged at a position opposite to the wind direction formed by the first guide plate 32 and the second guide plate, and further a plate circulation airflow direction is formed in the etching box 2, so that the contact area between the airflow and the printing plate roller is effectively increased in the flowing process of the airflow in the etching box 2, on one hand, the contact time between the airflow and the printing plate roller is increased in the flowing process of the airflow, further the reaction ratio between chemical gas in the airflow and the printing plate roller is improved, and meanwhile, the semi-circulation airflow direction can also perform a synergistic effect on the rotation of the printing plate roller in the rotating groove 22, and the problem that the printing plate roller rotates slowly in the rotating groove 22 due to insufficient impulsive force of the airflow is effectively avoided.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the etching chamber 2 is provided with a second groove 6; a ventilation plate 61 is fixedly connected in the second groove 6; the pipeline of the air pump 5 is communicated with the second groove 6; the ventilation holes 62 are formed in the ventilation plate 61; the farther the distance between the air permeable plate 61 and the pipeline of the air extractor 5 is, the larger the duty ratio of the air permeable holes 62 formed in the surface is; because the 5 pipelines of air extractor bleed in etching case 2, and then make 5 pipelines of air extractor be located etching case 2 internal opening department air current velocity of flow very fast, and then make the position gas reactant concentration that vertically keeps away from 5 pipelines of air extractor lower, and then make etching rate have the difference, cause the etching degree of consistency not enough, in operation, air extractor 5 extracts the gas in second recess 6, and then make the second recess 6 form the negative pressure, second recess 6 extracts the gas in etching case 2 through bleeder vent 62, because ventilative board 61 is far away with 5 pipelines of air extractor 5 distance, the bleeder vent 62 duty cycle that its surface was seted up is big, thereby adjust the velocity of flow of air current through seting up of bleeder vent 62, and then make the etching degree of consistency better.

As an embodiment of the invention, a sliding rod 7 is fixedly connected to the etching box 2 above the second groove 6; the sliding rod 7 is connected with uniformly distributed moving plates 71 in a sliding manner; the moving plate 71 is hollow and filled with light inert gas; when the air extractor works, the air extractor 5 performs air extraction operation, so that negative pressure is formed in the second groove 6, air flow in the etching box 2 is extracted through the air holes 62, and when flow speed difference exists between the air flows in the extraction process, the movable plate 71 on the sliding rod 7 is filled with light inert gas, so that the sensitivity of the movable plate 71 to the air flow is enhanced, the movable plate 71 automatically moves to the position with the higher air flow speed, the adjustment effect is achieved, the air flow waterfall effect formed by the air extractor 5 is weakened, and the etching uniformity is enhanced.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the second chute is fixedly connected with the squeeze bag 8 below the first elastic pressing plate 26; a third groove is formed in one side, close to the etching box 2, of the sliding groove 12; an expansion bag 81 is fixedly connected in the third groove; a limiting rod 82 is connected in the third groove in a sliding manner; the squeezing bag 8 and the expansion bag 81 are communicated with each other; during operation, the printing plate rollers downwardly extrude the first elastic pressing plate 26 under the action of gravity, so that the extrusion bladder 8 is deformed by the extrusion force, the deformed extrusion bladder 8 inputs the internal gas into the expansion bladder 81, and the limiting rod 82 in the third groove is lifted to limit the rest of the printing plate rollers on the sliding groove 12, thereby preventing a plurality of printing plate rollers from simultaneously entering the etching box 2.

A gravure printing plate, the said gravure printing plate roll-shaped design, the said gravure printing plate includes the column, attaches the copper layer, chromium coating; the surface of the chromium coating is uniformly coated with a protective film containing an ortho-diazo system photoresist by using a centrifugal coating method; the gravure printing plate can be stored in a dark place for a long time, and can be molded after printing, developing, film fixing, etching and film removing when engraving is needed; the manufacture of the gravure printing plate is divided into two steps, when the engraving is required to be completed, on one hand, the engraving can be carried out in a large scale for preparing and storing engraved versions in advance, follow-up matters are facilitated, meanwhile, the protective layer is used for protecting and covering the chromium layer, the storage time of the gravure printing plate can be effectively prolonged, and rust and the like generated on the metal exposed part of the gravure printing plate in the long-time standing process are avoided.

The specific working process is as follows:

when the device works, the printing plate roller is placed in the sliding groove 12, the printing plate roller slides downwards along the sliding groove 12 under the action of gravity until entering the first sliding groove 21, and the printing plate roller extrudes the first elastic pressing plate 26 in the continuous sliding process and finally falls into the rotating groove 22 to generate an extrusion effect on the supporting plate 24, the supporting plate 24 moves downwards in the first groove 23, and further the rotating rod 28 is extruded to enable the rotating rod 28 to rotate to support the first elastic pressing plate 26 and the second elastic pressing plate 27, at the moment, low-pressure gas is input into the ventilation box 4 through the air inlet pipe and enters between the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate 31 through the vent pipe 41, the low-pressure gas is effectively formed into plasma flow by electromotive force in an electric field formed by the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate 31 and impacts towards the lower electrode plate 31, and is guided by the first guide plate 32 and the second guide plate 33 to vertically scour the printing plate roller in the rotating groove 22 in the, the method comprises the steps of carrying out chemical erosion and ion impact on the part without the protective layer on the surface of a printing plate roller to further form regular depressions on the surface of the printing plate roller, forming a gaseous product by low-pressure plasma gas and a chromium layer on the surface of the printing plate roller, exhausting the gaseous product by an air exhauster 5 to enable the airflow velocity in an etching box 2 to be higher, further forming an impact effect to enable the printing plate roller to rotate in a rotating groove 22, further enabling the surface of the printing plate roller to be uniformly impacted, enabling the etching to be carried out more comprehensively, converging the plasma flow by a first guide plate 32 and a second guide plate 33, further carrying out concentrated impact, further effectively accelerating the etching speed, and simultaneously comparing with the fixed-direction etching between the airflow and the etching object by a rotary etching mode, not only effectively improving the etching speed, but also effectively enabling the impact uniformity of the airflow to the printing plate roller to, after etching is finished, the electric push rod 25 pushes the support plate 24 to be communicated with the printing plate roller upwards, so that the support effect of the rotating rod 28 on the first elastic pressing plate 26 and the second elastic pressing plate 27 is cancelled, the second elastic pressing plate 27 can freely slide in the third sliding groove, and the etched printing plate roller extrudes the second elastic pressing plate 27 under the action of gravity and flows to the next process through the sliding groove 12.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.