阅读说明：本技术 一种高经济性价的甜玉米干燥方法 (High-economic-cost-performance sweet corn drying method ) 是由 张怡 乔勇进 姚连谋 王春芳 王晓 陈冰洁 于 2021-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及甜玉米干燥的技术领域,特别是涉及一种高经济性价的甜玉米干燥方法,其通过采用中短红外波对玉米粒进行照射干燥,能够使玉米粒最大化的保留新玉米的自身特性；包括以下步骤：S1、挑选无机械损伤、无病虫害、无腐烂或霉变的新鲜甜玉米穗；S2、将S1挑选得到的新鲜甜玉米穗进行脱粒处理,得到玉米粒；S3、使用预先配制的面粉水对S2中得到的玉米粒进行振荡,浸泡3分钟,之后使用清水冲洗玉米粒,洗去玉米粒表面面粉颗粒；S4、使用离心甩干机对S3中得到的玉米粒进行甩干,完成玉米粒沥水；S5、将S4中得到的玉米粒在风速保持2.2-3.4m/s,温度保持32-35℃的环境中,使用中短红外波对玉米粒进行照射干燥,直至玉米粒水分含量低于5％。(The invention relates to the technical field of sweet corn drying, in particular to a sweet corn drying method with high economic performance price, which can ensure that corn kernels can maximally retain the self characteristics of new corn by irradiating and drying the corn kernels by adopting medium-short infrared waves; the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting fresh sweet corn ears without mechanical damage, plant diseases and insect pests, rot or mildew; s2, performing threshing treatment on the fresh sweet corn ears selected in the step S1 to obtain corn kernels; s3, oscillating the corn kernels obtained in the S2 by using pre-prepared flour water, soaking for 3 minutes, then washing the corn kernels by using clear water, and washing away flour particles on the surfaces of the corn kernels; s4, drying the corn kernels obtained in the step S3 by using a centrifugal drying machine to complete draining of the corn kernels; s5, the corn kernels obtained in the S4 are irradiated and dried by medium and short infrared waves in an environment that the wind speed is kept to be 2.2-3.4m/S and the temperature is kept to be 32-35 ℃ until the moisture content of the corn kernels is lower than 5%.)

1. A sweet corn drying method with high economic price is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting fresh sweet corn ears without mechanical damage, plant diseases and insect pests, rot or mildew;

s2, performing threshing treatment on the fresh sweet corn ears selected in the step S1 to obtain corn kernels;

s3, oscillating the corn kernels obtained in the S2 by using pre-prepared flour water, soaking for 3 minutes, then washing the corn kernels by using clear water, and washing away flour particles on the surfaces of the corn kernels;

s4, drying the corn kernels obtained in the step S3 by using a centrifugal drying machine to complete draining of the corn kernels;

s5, irradiating and drying the corn kernels obtained in the S4 by using medium and short infrared waves in an environment that the wind speed is kept to be 2.2-3.4m/S and the temperature is kept to be 32-35 ℃ until the moisture content of the corn kernels is lower than 5%;

s6, bagging the corn kernels obtained in the S5, and storing the corn kernels in a dark and cool place to obtain the sweet corn kernels.

2. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the fresh sweet corn ear in S1 is the fresh sweet corn ear within 2h after picking and flower dropping.

3. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of flour to water required for preparing the flour water in S3 is 0.015-0.02.

4. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the power density of the middle and short infrared waves in S5 is 2W/g, wherein W is the power unit of the middle and short infrared waves, g is the corn kernel mass unit, and the wavelength of the middle and short infrared waves is 2.5-4 μm.

5. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the sweet corn ear in S1 is gold and silver 208.

6. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the centrifugal drying machine in S4 is 1500-.

7. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the kernel integrity obtained in S2 is not less than 98% and enters S3.

8. The method for drying sweet corn with high economic value of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the flour water to the corn kernels in S3 is 3.5-5.2.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sweet corn drying, in particular to a sweet corn drying method with high economic cost performance.

Background

The product is deeply favored by consumers of all levels because of having the characteristics of rich nutrition, sweetness, freshness, crispness and tenderness; the super-sweet corn is widely planted due to high sugar content and long suitable harvesting period; the plant parts consumed by sweet corn are immature grains, mainly consisting of endosperm and ovary wall (immature caryopsis); the eating quality is determined by the taste and structure of endosperm, the softness of pericarp and the like; in order to enable the sweet corn to be stored for a long time, the sweet corn is often dried;

the existing drying mode of sweet corn usually adopts hot air drying or vacuum freeze drying, and the two drying modes can cause the damage of the characteristics of the corn kernels to a great extent in the implementation process.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a sweet corn drying method with high economic cost performance.

The invention relates to a sweet corn drying method with high economic cost performance, which comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting fresh sweet corn ears without mechanical damage, plant diseases and insect pests, rot or mildew;

s2, performing threshing treatment on the fresh sweet corn ears selected in the step S1 to obtain corn kernels;

s3, oscillating the corn kernels obtained in the S2 by using pre-prepared flour water, soaking for 3 minutes, then washing the corn kernels by using clear water, and washing away flour particles on the surfaces of the corn kernels;

s4, drying the corn kernels obtained in the step S3 by using a centrifugal drying machine to complete draining of the corn kernels;

s5, irradiating and drying the corn kernels obtained in the S4 by using medium and short infrared waves in an environment that the wind speed is kept to be 2.2-3.4m/S and the temperature is kept to be 32-35 ℃ until the moisture content of the corn kernels is lower than 5%;

s6, bagging the corn kernels obtained in the S5, and storing the corn kernels in a dark and cool place to obtain the sweet corn kernels.

Further, the fresh sweet corn ear in the S1 is the fresh sweet corn ear within 2 hours after flower falling during picking.

Further, the mass ratio of the flour to the water required for preparing the flour water in the S3 is 0.015-0.02.

Further, the power density of the medium-short infrared wave in S5 is 2W/g, wherein W is the power unit of the medium-short infrared wave, g is the corn kernel mass unit, and the wavelength of the medium-short infrared wave is 2.5-4 μm.

Further, the sweet corn ear in the S1 is the honeysuckle 208.

Further, the rotation speed of the centrifugal drying machine in the S4 is 1500-.

Further, the integrity of the corn kernels obtained in the S2 is not less than 98 percent, and the corn kernels enter S3.

Further, the mass ratio of the flour water to the corn kernels in the S3 is 3.5-5.2.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the corn kernels are cleaned in an oscillating mode by using flour water, so that the flour particles can adsorb micro impurities on the surfaces of the corn kernels, and meanwhile, the characteristic that the flour particles are insoluble in water is utilized, so that the adsorption area is greatly increased, and the cleaning efficiency is improved; the corn kernels are drained and dried by using the centrifugal drying machine, so that the draining efficiency of the corn kernels is accelerated; by adopting the medium-short infrared waves to irradiate and dry the corn kernels, the characteristics of the new corn kernels can be kept to the maximum extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view of the microstructure of a corn after vacuum freeze-drying;

FIG. 2 is a view of a microstructure of corn after hot air drying;

FIG. 3 is a microstructure view of a microwave dried corn;

FIG. 4 is a view of a microstructure of corn after medium and short infrared wave drying;

FIG. 5 is a line graph of rehydration rate after drying for sweet corn of examples of the invention and comparative examples 1-3 as a function of time.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The invention relates to a sweet corn drying method with high economic cost performance, which comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting fresh sweet corn ears without mechanical damage, plant diseases and insect pests, rot or mildew;

s2, performing threshing treatment on the fresh sweet corn ears selected in the step S1 to obtain corn kernels;

s3, oscillating the corn kernels obtained in the S2 by using pre-prepared flour water, soaking for 3 minutes, then washing the corn kernels by using clear water, and washing away flour particles on the surfaces of the corn kernels;

s4, drying the corn kernels obtained in the step S3 by using a centrifugal drying machine to complete draining of the corn kernels;

s5, irradiating and drying the corn kernels obtained in the S4 by using medium and short infrared waves in an environment that the wind speed is kept to be 2.2-3.4m/S and the temperature is kept to be 32-35 ℃ until the moisture content of the corn kernels is lower than 5%;

s6, bagging the corn kernels obtained in the S5, and storing the corn kernels in a shady and cool place in a dark place to obtain the sweet corn kernels; the corn kernels are cleaned in an oscillating mode by using flour water, so that the flour particles can adsorb micro impurities on the surfaces of the corn kernels, and meanwhile, the characteristic that the flour particles are insoluble in water is utilized, so that the adsorption area is greatly increased, and the cleaning efficiency is improved; the corn kernels are drained and dried by using the centrifugal drying machine, so that the draining efficiency of the corn kernels is accelerated; by adopting infrared to irradiate and dry the corn kernels, the characteristics of the new corn can be kept to the maximum extent.

And (3) comparison test:

selecting fresh sweet corn-honeysuckle 208; screening fresh sweet corn as soon as possible after harvesting, transporting to a laboratory within 2h, removing bract filaments, cleaning and trimming, and selecting corn ears which are regular in appearance, uniform in size, full in seeds, free of mechanical damage, diseases and insect pests, and free of rot and mildew as research materials; threshing corn ears, cleaning, draining, and dividing into three uniform parts, each of which is 2kg for later use;

comparative example 1: hot Air Drying (HAD Air Drying, HAD): weighing the fresh sweet corn kernels of 2kg, flatly paving the fresh sweet corn kernels on a material carrying plate of a drying box, drying the fresh sweet corn kernels by hot air at the temperature of 50 ℃ until the final moisture content of the corn kernels is below 5 percent, bagging the corn kernels, and storing the corn kernels in dark and cool places for later use; pulverizing part of the dried corn kernels, and sieving;

comparative example 2: vacuum Freeze Drying (VFD): weighing the fresh sweet corn kernels of 2kg, placing the fresh sweet corn kernels in a refrigerator at the temperature of-70 ℃ for pre-freezing for 12h, placing the fresh sweet corn kernels in a vacuum freeze dryer, cooling the temperature of a cold trap to-50 ℃, setting the vacuum degree to be 50Pa, freeze-drying until the final moisture content of the corn kernels is below 5%, bagging, and storing the corn kernels in a dark and cool place for later use; pulverizing part of the dried corn kernels, and sieving;

comparative example 3: microwave Drying (Microwave Drying, MD): weighing the fresh sweet corn kernels of 2kg, uniformly spreading the fresh sweet corn kernels in a ceramic container, wherein the microwave power density is 2W/g; microwave drying until the final water content of the corn kernels is below 5%, bagging, and storing in shade for later use; pulverizing part of the dried corn kernels, and sieving;

example (b): short and medium wave induced drying (SMIRD): weighing the fresh sweet corn kernels of 2kg, uniformly spreading the fresh sweet corn kernels in a ceramic container, irradiating the fresh sweet corn kernels by using medium-short infrared light with the power density of 2W/g, drying the fresh sweet corn kernels until the final moisture content of the corn kernels is below 5 percent, bagging the corn kernels, and storing the corn kernels in dark and cool places for later use; pulverizing part of the dried corn kernels, and sieving;

the dried kernels from the above examples and comparative examples were measured and calculated to give the following table:

TABLE 1 Effect of drying on color

TABLE 2 Effect of drying mode on texture

	Hardness (g)	Brittleness (mm)	Chewiness (g sec)	Height (mm)
					Fresh and fresh	270.050±20.518	1.540±0.180	9.603±0.903	5.342±0.484
VFD	274.116±13.576	0.600±0.142	19.198±2.225	5.096±0.351
					HAD	1082.426±45.119	0.549±0.158	60.515±1.773	2.755±0.269
MD	1056.751±20.938	0.753±0.087	45.507±1.602	3.486±0.348
					SMIRD	1068.598±19.441	0.620±0.067	23.221±0.996	2.932±0.543

TABLE 3 HS-SPME-GC-MS detection of fresh sweet corn volatile components and relative content

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.