Preparation process of boron powder heat value test sample
阅读说明：本技术 硼粉热值测试样品的制备工艺 (Preparation process of boron powder heat value test sample ) 是由 王英红 杨虹 张昊 薛兆瑞 祝庆龙 王旭波 詹平 于 2020-05-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种硼粉热值测试样品的制备工艺,通过实验改变了硼粉与助燃剂混合方式,规范了丙酮用量,使助燃剂在溶胀状态下与硼粉充分紧密结合,确定样品烘干温度为50℃,在保证助燃剂无分解的同时,又能确保丙酮的完全去除,改变样品形态,从而形成了一套完整的用于硼粉热值测试时样品的制备方法,使硼粉在减少助燃剂用量的情况下仍能完全燃烧,热值测试结果一致性好,测试精度高。(The invention provides a preparation process of a boron powder heat value test sample, which changes the mixing mode of boron powder and a combustion improver through experiments, regulates the acetone dosage, ensures that the combustion improver is fully and tightly combined with the boron powder in a swelling state, ensures that the drying temperature of the sample is 50 ℃, ensures that the combustion improver is not decomposed, simultaneously ensures that the acetone is completely removed, and changes the sample form, thereby forming a set of complete preparation method for the boron powder heat value test sample, ensures that the boron powder can still be completely combusted under the condition of reducing the combustion improver dosage, and has good consistency of heat value test results and high test precision.)
1. A preparation process of a boron powder heat value test sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the lead-2 powder and the boron powder according to the mass ratio of (3-8) to 1; according to the mass ratio of the dilead-2 to the acetone of 1: (2-8) measuring acetone, adding the acetone into the mixture of the boron powder and the lead-2, and stirring to obtain a gelled drug mass;
(2) dispersing the gelatinized medicinal mass into a plurality of spherical samples, and drying at 50 deg.C and vacuum degree of 0.08 + -0.01 MPa for 24 + -2 h;
(3) slicing the spherical sample, drying the sliced spherical sample for 24 +/-2 h under the environment that the temperature is 50 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 0.08 +/-0.01 MPa, and weighing the sample mass M3, wherein the thickness of the sliced spherical sample is 5-10 mm; and (3) baking for another half hour under the same temperature and vacuum degree condition, weighing the mass M4, if M3-M4 is less than or equal to 0.01g, indicating that the acetone is completely volatilized, and otherwise, baking again until the mass difference between two adjacent samples is less than or equal to 0.01 g.
2. The process for preparing a boron powder heat value test sample according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), acetone is added into the mixture of the boron powder and the dilead-2, and the mixture is repeatedly extruded by a metal shovel after being stirred, so that the boron powder and the dilead-2 are tightly and fully combined.
3. The process for preparing a boron powder heat value test sample according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the diameter of the spherical sample is 10-30 mm.
4. The process for preparing a boron powder heat value test sample according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) in the step (2), perforating the spherical sample to enable the spherical sample to be loose and porous.
5. The process for preparing a boron powder heat value test sample according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the thickness of the spherical sample slice is 5-10 mm.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of boron powder heat value test, in particular to a preparation process of a sample.
Background
In the prior art, the most common method for testing the heat value of boron powder is to utilize an oxygen bomb calorimeter to test the heat value of the boron powder according to a standard calorimetric procedure.
A patent technology of a boron-containing oxygen-poor propellant heat value testing device with the patent number of ZL2006100429328 mainly aims at the boron-containing oxygen-poor propellant, and solves the problems that the boron-containing oxygen-poor propellant is difficult to ignite and parts such as an oxygen bomb, a crucible and the like are ablated in the heat value testing process. The boron-containing oxygen-poor propellant contains combustible and combustible components such as a binder and an oxidant, and the components can provide a high-temperature environment required by boron powder combustion in a calorific value test process, so that ignition of boron particles is guaranteed, and pure boron powder is difficult to ignite under general conditions due to the special properties of high melting point and high boiling point, so that the patent technology is not suitable for the combustion calorific value test of the boron powder.
In the article of the measurement of combustion heat of boron powder, by Pan rectifier et al, northwest university of industry, it is proposed to use diplead-2 as a combustion improver and use an oxygen-elastic calorimeter to test the calorific value of the boron powder. The theoretical heat value of the boron powder is 52.929MJ/Kg, the highest test value obtained in the test process is 43.2349MJ/Kg, and the combustion efficiency is 81.68%. The article solves the problem that boron powder is difficult to ignite by adding a combustion improver, but the problem that the boron powder is not completely combusted still exists.
Because the simple substance boron has very high melting point (2348K) and boiling point (4273K), the combustion of boron powder in the oxygen bomb is surface gas-solid heterogeneous combustion, compared with gas-gas homogeneous combustion, the whole process is slower, and the combustion efficiency is low. In addition, the surface of the boron particle is coated with a layer of compact B2O3Film with boiling point of 2338K, if the ambient temperature is not high enough during combustion, B2O3The surface of the boron particles is coated with a viscous liquid to prevent oxygen from contacting with the boron particles, so that the boron particles are difficult to ignite and are incompletely combusted, and the obtained measured heat value is far lower than the theoretical heat value.
In the patent technology of 'boron powder combustion heat value measuring method' with patent number 201010535657X of Wangzhong et al, northwest industrial university, a new mixing mode-intermolecular mixing between a combustion improver and a boron powder sample is provided, the combustion improver and the boron powder sample are firstly mechanically mixed according to the mass ratio of 15:1 and are uniformly stirred, and then acetone is gradually sprayed on the mixed powder sample by a micro-sprayer. The sample medical strip prepared by the method improves the combustion efficiency of the boron powder, and the obtained heat value test result is close to the theoretical heat value, but the consumption of the combustion improver is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation process of a boron powder heat value test sample, which can improve the boron powder heat value test precision and ensure that the boron powder is still completely combusted under the condition of reducing the consumption of a combustion improver by reasonably selecting the mixing mode of the boron powder and the dipron-2, the consumption of acetone, the sample form and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the lead-2 powder and the boron powder according to the mass ratio of (3-8) to 1; according to the mass ratio of the dilead-2 to the acetone of 1: (2-8) measuring acetone, adding the acetone into the mixture of the boron powder and the lead-2, and stirring to obtain a gelled drug mass;
(2) dispersing the gelatinized medicinal mass into a plurality of spherical samples, and drying at 50 deg.C and vacuum degree of 0.08 + -0.01 MPa for 24 + -2 h;
(3) slicing the spherical sample, drying the sliced spherical sample for 24 +/-2 h under the environment that the temperature is 50 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 0.08 +/-0.01 MPa, and weighing the sample mass M3, wherein the thickness of the sliced spherical sample is 5-10 mm; and (3) baking for another half hour under the same temperature and vacuum degree condition, weighing the mass M4, if M3-M4 is less than or equal to 0.01g, indicating that the acetone is completely volatilized, and otherwise, baking again until the mass difference between two adjacent samples is less than or equal to 0.01 g.
In the step (1), acetone is added into the mixture of the boron powder and the dilead-2, and the mixture is repeatedly extruded by a metal shovel after being stirred, so that the boron powder and the dilead-2 are tightly and fully combined.
In the step (2), the diameter of the spherical sample is 10-30 mm.
And (3) in the step (2), perforating the spherical sample to enable the spherical sample to be loose and porous.
In the step (3), the thickness of the spherical sample slice is 5-10 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the acetone dosage is specified, the effect of the acetone is to ensure that the combustion improver of the diplead-2 is fully swelled, and the acetone dosage is saved on the premise of ensuring that the boron powder and the diplead-2 are fully and tightly combined.
(2) The sample is placed in a vacuum oven at 50 ℃, so that the complete removal of acetone can be ensured while the decomposition of the combustion improver of the lead-disulfide-2 is avoided, and the time is saved.
(3) The preparation process can ensure the consistency of the heat value test result of the boron powder. Under the condition that the mass ratio of the combustion improver to the 95 boron powder is 6:1, the results of two boron powder heat value tests are 51208J/g and 51474J/g respectively, the 95 boron average heat value is 51341J/g, and the relative error is 0.26 percent; under the condition that the mass ratio of the combustion improver to the 95 boron powder is 8:1, the results of two boron powder heat value tests are 51079J/g and 51583J/g respectively, the 95 boron average heat value is 51331J/g, and the relative error is 0.49%; under the condition that the mass ratio of the combustion improver to the 95 boron powder is 10:1, the results of two boron powder heat value tests are 51338J/g and 51855J/g, the 95 boron average heat value is 51597J/g, and the relative error is 0.5%.
The data show that the test result of the boron powder heat value is not changed greatly and the heat value is similar with the increase of the consumption of the combustion improver, because the heat value of the boron powder is close to the limit value in the sample forming mode, the effect of increasing the proportion of the combustion improver on the heat value test result is not large. Namely, under the condition of low combustion improver proportion, the boron powder and the lead-2 are mixed, the sample is made by reasonably selecting the aspects of sample shape, acetone dosage, drying temperature and the like, the boron powder can be completely combusted, and the heat value of the boron powder can reach the level of high combustion improver proportion. In the manufacturing process of the prior art, the acetone is used in a large amount, so that a sample is not easy to form, the acetone is difficult to completely volatilize, and the precision of a boron powder heat value test result is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The sample mentioned in patent technology of 'measuring method of boron powder combustion heat value' with patent number 201010535657X is naturally air dried in indoor environment with temperature of 20 +/-5 ℃ and humidity of less than or equal to 45%, and the processing mode of the sample has two problems: firstly, the air drying time is long, so that the sample preparation period is too long; secondly, when the medicinal mass is cut into medicinal strips, the acetone in the medicinal strips is subjected to mass loss due to secondary volatilization of the acetone, and the reduction of the acetone mass directly influences the accuracy of the boron powder heat value test. Aiming at the two problems, the invention provides a method for drying the sample in the vacuum drying box so as to achieve the purposes of shortening the sample preparation period and completely volatilizing the acetone, and the selection of the temperature needs to be determined through experiments.
The temperature determination experiment mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) the weighed mass of dilead-2 was poured into a beaker and the total mass of beaker and dilead-2 was weighed and recorded as M1.
(2) And (3) putting the beaker into a vacuum oven, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and 60 ℃ respectively, setting the vacuum degree to be 0.08 +/-0.01 MPa, and keeping the drying time to be about 24 +/-2 h. The beaker was removed from the vacuum oven and the total mass was again weighed and recorded as M2. If M2-M1 is less than 0.01g (the resolution of the balance), it is shown that when the lead-2 is put into a vacuum oven alone, no substance is volatilized from the lead-2, and the quality can be kept stable.
(3) The weighed mass of the diplead-2 was poured into another beaker, a glass rod was placed, and the total mass of the beaker, the diplead-2 and the glass rod was weighed and recorded as M3.
(4) According to the mass ratio of the dilead-2 to the acetone of 1: 1-5 (the proportion is 1g of the lead-2 to 2-8 ml of acetone in the actual operation process), weighing a certain amount of acetone, pouring the acetone into a beaker containing the lead-2, and quickly stirring.
(5) And (3) putting the beaker into a vacuum oven, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and 60 ℃ respectively, setting the vacuum degree to be 0.08 +/-0.01 MPa, and keeping the drying time to be about 24 +/-2 h. The beaker was removed from the vacuum oven and the total mass was again weighed and recorded as M4. If M4-M3 is less than 0.01g, the acetone is still completely volatilized from the dilead-2 after being mixed with the dilead-2, and the heat value test result is not influenced.
The experimental result shows that when the temperature is 60 ℃, M2-M1 is 0.18g, which indicates that the mass of the lead-2 is lost when the temperature is 60 ℃; at the temperature of 50 ℃, M2-M1 is 0.001g, M4-M3 is 0.008, which indicates that the mass of the lead disulfide-2 is not lost at the temperature of 50 ℃, and the acetone can still be completely volatilized from the lead disulfide-2 after the acetone and the lead disulfide-2 are mixed, so the temperature of the drying oven is set to be 50 ℃, which not only can shorten the sample preparation period, but also can ensure that the acetone is completely volatilized in the sample. The conclusion can be applied to the subsequent boron powder sample preparation and heat value test process.
On the basis of the above conclusion, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of weighing the double-lead-2 powder and the boron powder according to the mass ratio of 3-8: 1, and pouring the weighed materials into a grinder to be fully mixed. According to the mass ratio of the dilead-2 to the acetone of 1: 2-8 (the proportion is 1g of the lead-2 to 3-10 ml of acetone in the actual operation process), measuring a certain amount of acetone, pouring the acetone into a beaker filled with a mixture of the boron powder and the lead-2, immediately stirring the acetone by using a glass rod, and obtaining medicinal slurry (cluster) with extremely high viscosity when the acetone is completely dispersed into the boron powder and the lead-2, wherein the process is swelling of the acetone in plastic SQ-2, namely swelling of the plastic solid SQ-2 powder by the acetone to form sticky and flexible jelly. The slurry (cluster) is poured onto a glass plate and repeatedly extruded by a metal shovel, so that the boron powder and the lead-2 can be more closely and fully combined while being uniformly mixed. The medicinal slurry with extremely high viscosity is fully swelled under the repeated action of the metal shovel, the viscosity is reduced, and the medicinal slurry becomes a sticky and flexible jelly. When the bolus is squeezed with a metal spatula, no obvious adhesion exists, indicating that the boron powder is fully and tightly contacted with the diplead-2. Multiple experiments prove that the dilead-2 can be fully swelled, the boron powder and the dilead-2 can be fully and tightly contacted with each other and a gelled drug mass with certain flexibility is formed only when the dilead-2 and the acetone are in the proportion. Excess acetone causes SQ-2 to be swollen and dissolved, and the viscosity is high, so that the molding is difficult. Longer stirring is required to evaporate the acetone and achieve swelling. The acetone further forms a solution of SQ and acetone when being excessive, the medicine slurry is thin, boron powder is easy to settle, the lower the viscosity of the solution is, a sample is not easy to form, and the more the excessive acetone solvent is harmful to a human body; too little acetone causes insufficient swelling and cannot achieve the effect of full, close and sufficient contact between the double-lead-2 combustion improver and the boron powder.
(2) The gelatinized drug mass is dispersed into a plurality of spherical samples (the diameter is about 10mm-30mm), and in order to make the solvent in the samples more volatile, the spherical samples are perforated by steel needles, so that the spherical samples are loose and porous, and the combustion effect of boron powder in oxygen bombs is also improved. Putting the mixture into a vacuum oven, setting the temperature at 50 ℃, the vacuum degree at 0.08 +/-0.01 MPa, and the drying time lasting for about 24 +/-2 h.
(3) In order to further shorten the drying time and ensure that the acetone is completely volatilized, a medicine cutting machine is used for cutting the spherical sample into uniform square small pieces with the thickness of 5-10mm, the square small pieces are placed into a vacuum oven again, the temperature is also set to be 50 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.08 +/-0.01 MPa, and the drying time lasts for about 24 +/-2 hours. Weighing a sample, recording the mass M3, putting the sample into an oven, baking for about half an hour, taking out again, weighing, and marking as M4, if M3-M4 are less than or equal to 0.01, indicating that the acetone is completely volatilized, if the mass difference between the two is more than the range, indicating that the acetone is not completely volatilized, and further drying until the mass difference between two adjacent samples is about 0.01 g. And (4) finishing sample drying, namely, finishing the sample, and carrying out vacuum packaging on the sample for next experimental test.
An embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of mixing a double-lead-2 combustion improver and 95-grade boron powder according to the mass ratio of 6:1, accurately weighing 2g of boron powder in a clean beaker, and then weighing 12g of combustion improver to pour into the beaker filled with 2g of boron powder. Stirring with a glass rod to mix the two solid components as uniformly as possible without any obvious separation observed by naked eyes.
(2) 36ml of acetone is measured according to the mass of the dipron-2 and the dosage of the acetone in a ratio of 1:3, the acetone is poured into a beaker filled with the boron powder and the dipron-2, the mixture is continuously stirred by a glass rod, the acetone is fully contacted with the boron powder and the dipron-2, the three are completely mixed and consistent, the stirring time lasts for about 5min, and the boron powder and the dipron-2 can be observed to become a sticky medical slurry under the action of the acetone, and the medical slurry has certain fluidity.
(3) The slurry is poured onto a glass plate and repeatedly extruded by a metal shovel, so that the boron powder and the lead-2 can be more closely combined while being uniformly mixed. With the volatilization of the acetone solvent, the viscosity of the sticky drug paste is reduced under the repeated extrusion action of the metal shovel, and the sticky drug paste becomes a gelatinized drug mass with flexibility, castability and plasticity. When the bolus is extruded with a metal spatula without significant binding, it is indicated that the boron powder and the diplead-2 have been well mixed and the total metal spatula has been in action for about 30 min.
(4) The gelatinized drug mass is dispersed into a plurality of spherical samples (the diameter is about 10mm-30mm), and in order to make the solvent in the samples more volatile, the spherical samples are perforated by steel needles, so that the spherical samples are loose and porous, and the combustion effect of boron powder in oxygen bombs is also improved. Putting the mixture into a vacuum oven, setting the temperature at 50 ℃, the vacuum degree at 0.08 +/-0.01 MPa, and the drying time lasting for about 24 +/-2 h.
(5) In order to further shorten the drying time and ensure that the acetone is completely volatilized, a medicine cutting machine is used for cutting the spherical sample into uniform square small pieces with the thickness of 5-10mm, the square small pieces are placed into a vacuum oven again, the temperature is also set to be 50 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.08 +/-0.01 MPa, and the drying time lasts for about 24 +/-2 hours.
(6) The sample and white paper are weighed together, the recorded mass M3 is 7.68678g, the sample is placed into an oven to be baked for about half an hour, the sample is taken out again and weighed, the recorded mass M4 is 7.68633g, and the recorded mass M3-M4 is less than 0.01g, which shows that the acetone is completely volatilized, so that the sample is well prepared, and the thickness is about 1 mm.
(7) 1.40125g of a sample is weighed and placed in a crucible, 10cm long ignition wires are cut, 8cm cotton threads need to be cut because boron powder is not easy to ignite, oxygen is added into an oxygen bomb to form 3MPa after the sample is placed, all parameters are input into a computer to start a heat value test, and the calculated heat value test result is 51474J/g.