阅读说明：本技术 一种大容量四电极紫外预电离气体开关 (High-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch ) 是由 杨兰均 张永鹏 刘帅 史宇昊 魏鹏 于 2020-05-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种大容量四电极紫外预电离气体开关,筒体设置在绝缘法兰上,筒体与绝缘法兰之间形成密闭腔体,开关电极设置在密闭腔体内,开关电极包括触发电极,触发电极水平设置在上电极和下电极之间,触发电极距离上电极的距离大于等于触发电极距离下电极的距离,筒体的一侧设置有穿墙端子,另一侧对应设置有预电离针,预电离针与一侧的触发电极连接,预电离针的一端引出至开关外部用于触发电压输入。本发明满足大电流、高转移库伦量的通流要求,同时兼具宽工作系数条件下短时延、低抖动的触发特性,耐烧蚀和触发特性稳定性,在多路气体开关并联放电的紧凑型脉冲功率装置中具有很好的应用前景。(The invention discloses a high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch, wherein a cylinder body is arranged on an insulation flange, a closed cavity is formed between the cylinder body and the insulation flange, a switch electrode is arranged in the closed cavity and comprises a trigger electrode, the trigger electrode is horizontally arranged between an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the distance between the trigger electrode and the upper electrode is more than or equal to the distance between the trigger electrode and the lower electrode, a wall penetrating terminal is arranged on one side of the cylinder body, a preionization needle is correspondingly arranged on the other side of the cylinder body, the preionization needle is connected with the trigger electrode on one side, and one end of the preionization needle is led out to the outside of the switch for. The invention meets the through-current requirements of large current and high transfer coulomb quantity, has the triggering characteristics of short time delay and low jitter under the condition of wide working coefficient, is ablation-resistant and stable in the triggering characteristics, and has good application prospect in a compact pulse power device with multi-path gas switches for parallel discharge.)

1. The utility model provides a four electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch of large capacity, a serial communication port, the whole cylinder structure that is of gas switch, including barrel (5), barrel (5) set up on insulating flange (8), form airtight cavity between barrel (5) and insulating flange (8), the switch electrode sets up in airtight cavity, the switch electrode includes trigger electrode (3), trigger electrode (3) level sets up between last electrode (1) and lower electrode (2), the distance that trigger electrode (3) apart from last electrode (1) is more than or equal to the distance that trigger electrode (3) apart from lower electrode (2), one side of barrel (5) is provided with through-wall terminal (9), the opposite side corresponds is provided with preionization needle (4), preionization needle (4) are connected with the trigger electrode (3) of one side, the one end of preionization needle (4) is drawn out to the switch outside and is used for the trigger voltage input.

2. A high capacity four electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch according to claim 1, wherein the trigger electrode (3) is a disk-shaped electrode with a central hole, rectangular sections are arranged at intervals on the outer wall of the trigger electrode (3), the outer wall of the trigger electrode (3) is provided with holes along the radial direction and communicated with the central hole, the hole center is positioned at the center of the rectangular section on the side, and the preionization needle (4) is arranged in the hole.

3. A high capacity four electrode ultraviolet pre-ionization gas switch as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the central hole is interference fit with the outer insulation diameter of the pre-ionization needle (4).

4. A large capacity four electrode UV pre-ionization gas switch as recited in claim 2, wherein the rectangular sections are spaced 60 °, 90 ° or 120 ° apart.

5. A large capacity four-electrode ultraviolet pre-ionization gas switch according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ratio of the distance of the trigger electrode (3) from the upper electrode (1) to the distance from the lower electrode (2) is 1:1, 3:2 or 2: 1.

6. A large-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet pre-ionization gas switch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (5) is of a U-shaped structure as a whole, the lower electrode (2) is fixed at the center of the U-shaped bottom in the U-shaped structure, the upper electrode (1) is arranged below the lower electrode (2) and is fixedly connected with the insulating flange (8) through the electrode holder (6), and the trigger electrode (3) is fixedly connected with the cylinder (5) through the insulating support (7).

7. A high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch according to claim 6, wherein the insulating support (7) is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged along the circumference of the cylinder (5) corresponding to the fixed supporting point of the trigger electrode (3), the axis of the insulating support (7) is inclined to the axis of the cylinder wall of the cylinder (5), and the side surface of the insulating support (7) is provided with a shed structure.

8. A high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch according to claim 7, wherein a clamping groove for fixing the trigger electrode (3) is formed at one end of the insulating support (7), and the other end of the insulating support is attached to the inner wall surface of the cylinder (5).

9. A large capacity four-electrode ultraviolet pre-ionization gas switch as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the insulating support (7) is opened with a through hole corresponding to the pre-ionization needle (4).

10. A high capacity four electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch in accordance with claim 6, wherein a sealing ring (10) is disposed between the insulating flange (8) and the cylinder (5) and the electrode holder (6), respectively.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage gas switches, and particularly relates to a high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch.

Background

The multi-path converging compact pulse power device developed based on the low-inductance capacitor bank, the transmission line and the load has working voltage of hundreds of kilovolts and below and discharge current of several mega amperes, directly drives the load to generate pulse heavy current, and is widely applied to the fields of high-energy density physics, material science, dynamic high-voltage physics and the like.

The operation of the device needs a plurality of groups of parallel gas switches to be conducted synchronously, load current with the highest peak value is generated on the load from submicroseconds to microseconds, and the expected research target is realized. In actual operation, the conduction time of a plurality of gas switches is different, if the switch conduction time delay jitter is large, the load reduces the switch work coefficient, the slow gas switch can be restrained from being conducted, and the waveform distortion and the peak current of the output current are reduced. In addition, under the conditions of large current and high transfer coulomb quantity, the reliability of the switch structure is reduced and the trigger characteristic of the switch is seriously degraded due to dozens of working times, so that the requirement of normal operation of the device cannot be met.

Therefore, the ablation-resistant gas switch with the current capacity of hundreds of kA, the charge transfer amount of dozens of coulombs and stable conduction characteristic under a wide working coefficient becomes the key of the reliable operation of the device.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the switch is switched on with short time delay and low jitter under a wide working coefficient; the problems of reliability of a switch structure, stability of trigger characteristics and ablation resistance under the conditions of high current and high transfer coulomb quantity are solved, and the engineering technical requirements are met.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a four electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch of large capacity, the whole cylinder structure that is of gas switch, the novel nipple rectifier comprises a cylindrical shel, the barrel sets up on insulating flange, form airtight cavity between barrel and the insulating flange, the switch electrode sets up in airtight cavity, the switch electrode includes trigger electrode, the trigger electrode level sets up between last electrode and bottom electrode, the distance more than or equal to of trigger electrode apart from last electrode is apart from the distance of bottom electrode to the trigger electrode, one side of barrel is provided with wears the wall terminal, the opposite side corresponds and is provided with preionization needle, preionization needle is connected with the trigger electrode of one side, the one end of preionization needle is drawn out to the switch outside and is used for the.

Specifically, the trigger electrode is a disc-shaped electrode with a central hole, rectangular sections are arranged on the outer wall of the trigger electrode at intervals, holes are formed in the outer wall of the trigger electrode along the radial direction and communicated with the central hole, the hole center is located in the center of the rectangular section on the side face, and the pre-ionization needle is arranged in the holes.

Furthermore, the central hole is in interference fit with the outer insulation diameter of the preionization needle.

Further, the rectangular sections are arranged at intervals of 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees.

Further, the ratio of the distance from the trigger electrode to the upper electrode to the distance from the trigger electrode to the lower electrode is 1:1, 3:2 or 2: 1.

Specifically, the barrel is integrally of a U-shaped structure, the lower electrode is fixed at the center of the bottom of the U-shaped structure, the upper electrode is arranged below the lower electrode and fixedly connected with the insulating flange through the electrode holder, and the trigger electrode is fixedly connected with the barrel through the insulating support.

Furthermore, the insulating support column is of a cylindrical structure, the fixing support points corresponding to the trigger electrodes are arranged along the circumference of the barrel, the axis of the insulating support column and the axis of the barrel wall of the barrel are obliquely arranged, and an umbrella skirt structure is arranged on the side face of the insulating support column.

Furthermore, one end of the insulating support is provided with a clamping groove for fixing the trigger electrode, and the other end of the insulating support is attached to the inner wall surface of the cylinder.

Furthermore, a through hole is formed in the insulating support corresponding to the preionization needle.

Further, sealing rings are respectively arranged between the insulating flange and the cylinder body as well as between the insulating flange and the electrode holder.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

the invention relates to a high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch, which solves the problems of ablation resistance and wide work coefficient fast conduction of the existing gas switch, introduces preionization needles, generates initial electron and ultraviolet irradiation in the triggering process, greatly improves the triggering characteristic of the switch, keeps the triggering characteristic of short time delay and low jitter in a wider working range, and has a hidden preionization needle structure, thereby avoiding the ablation problem of an electrode needle under the conditions of high current and high transfer coulomb quantity, and the switch has stable triggering characteristic while meeting the requirement of long service life.

Furthermore, the preionization needle is led into the central hole through the side opening of the trigger electrode, and is away from the central hole wall by a distance larger than or equal to 0.5mm, and the preionization needle is hidden behind the central hole wall, so that ablation of the preionization needle under the conditions of large current and high transfer coulomb quantity is avoided.

Furthermore, the diameter of the external insulation of the preionization needle is in interference fit with the diameter of the side opening hole of the trigger electrode, and the purpose or the advantage that the position of the preionization needle is not changed in arrangement is guaranteed.

Furthermore, the rectangular section interval is 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees, and the rectangular section interval is matched with the trigger electrode insulation support column, so that the trigger electrode is stable and reliable under different through-flow conditions, and the section interval is selected to be smaller under the large-through-flow condition.

Further, it is preferable that the ratio of the distance of the trigger electrode from the upper electrode to the distance from the lower electrode is 1:1, 3:2, or 2:1, in which case the switch has a better trigger characteristic.

Further, the adoption has the fixed trigger electrode of insulating support that the slope area umbrella crowd's structure, can increase creepage distance, promotes anti-soil ability to when the switch discharges, can bear the great electrodynamic force of heavy current production, eliminate trigger electrode's vibration, guarantee that switch trigger dish horizontal fixation is firm, ensure the structural reliability of switch.

In conclusion, the gas switch designed by the invention meets the through-current requirements of large current and high transfer coulomb quantity, has the triggering characteristics of short time delay and low jitter under the condition of wide working coefficient, is ablation-resistant and stable in triggering characteristics, and has good application prospect in a compact pulse power device with a plurality of paths of gas switches connected in parallel for discharging.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph of switch trigger characteristic data obtained experimentally for the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph of experimental data for through-flow of the gas switch of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the 20-way switch synchronous discharge device of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. an upper electrode; 2. a lower electrode; 3. a trigger electrode; 4. a pre-ionization needle; 5. a barrel; 6. an electrode holder; 7. an insulating support; 8. an insulating flange; 9. a through-wall terminal; 10. a seal ring; 11. and a nut.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Various structural schematics according to the disclosed embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.

The invention provides a high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch, wherein an upper electrode and a lower electrode adopt a cylindrical flat-head ball electrode structure, a trigger electrode is a disc-shaped electrode with a central hole and is positioned between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, the trigger electrode is fixed with a cylindrical shell through a trigger disc insulating support, and the distance between the trigger stage and the upper electrode is larger than or equal to the distance between the trigger stage and the lower electrode. The preionization needle is led into the central hole through the opening on the side surface of the trigger electrode and is hidden behind the wall of the central hole, and solid insulation is adopted between the trigger needle and the trigger electrode. The insulating support has an inclination angle and is designed with an umbrella skirt structure, so that short-time delay and low-jitter conduction of a switch under a wide working coefficient are realized; the targets of reliability of a switch structure, stability of trigger characteristics and ablation resistance under the conditions of high current and high transfer coulomb quantity have good application prospects in a compact pulse power device, and can meet the requirements of engineering technology.

Referring to fig. 1, the high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch of the present invention has a cylindrical overall structure, adopts a coaxial design structure, and includes an upper electrode 1, a lower electrode 2, a trigger electrode 3, a preionization needle 4, a cylinder 5, an electrode holder 6, an insulation pillar 7, an insulation flange 8, a wall-through terminal 9, a seal ring 10, and a nut 11.

The cylinder 5 is arranged on an insulating flange 8, a wall-penetrating terminal 9 is arranged on one side of the cylinder 5, a preionization needle 4 is correspondingly arranged on the other side of the cylinder 5, a switch electrode is arranged in a closed cavity formed between the cylinder 5 and the insulating flange 8 and meets the requirements of air tightness and structural reliability under the conditions of high current and high transfer coulomb capacity, the switch electrode comprises an upper electrode 1, a lower electrode 2 and a trigger electrode 3, the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 adopt a cylindrical flat-head ball electrode structure, the trigger electrode 3 is arranged between the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2, the trigger electrode 3 is a disc-shaped electrode with a central hole, the preionization needle 4 is arranged in the central hole, and the distance from the trigger electrode 3 to the upper electrode 1 is larger than or equal to the distance from the.

The upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 are made of ablation-resistant electrode materials, such as graphite and copper-tungsten alloy.

Preferably, the ratio of the distance of the trigger electrode 3 from the upper electrode 1 to the distance from the lower electrode 2 is 1:1, 3:2, 2: 1.

Rectangular sections are machined on the outer wall of the circular disc of the trigger electrode 3 at intervals of a certain angle and used as fixed supporting points of the trigger electrode 3, the angle can be selected to be 60 degrees, 90 degrees and 120 degrees, and the central opening can be designed into a structure with or without a chamfer.

The outer wall of the trigger electrode 3 is provided with an opening along the radial direction, the opening is communicated with a central hole, the hole center is positioned in the center of the rectangular section on the side surface, the opening is used for introducing the pre-ionization needle 4, the diameter of the opening is in interference fit with the outer insulation diameter of the pre-ionization needle 4, and the position of the pre-ionization needle 4 is guaranteed not to change.

The trigger electrode 3 is fixed in the cylinder 5 made of metal material through an insulating support 7, and the electrode material resistant to ablation, such as graphite and copper-tungsten alloy, is selected.

Solid insulation is adopted among the preionization needle 4, the trigger electrode 3 and the cylinder 5; the distance between the preionization needle 4 and the trigger electrode 3 is larger than or equal to 1mm, when trigger voltage is applied, the trigger needle can be punctured with the trigger electrode quickly along with the rise of the voltage on the trigger needle, initial electron and ultraviolet light irradiation can be generated in the process of puncturing the trigger needle and the trigger electrode, the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 are irradiated through the central hole with the chamfer angle of the trigger electrode 3, the switch is conductive to quick conduction, and one end of the preionization needle 4 penetrates through the insulating support 7 for the trigger electrode and the cylinder 5 to be led to the outside of the gas switch and used for triggering voltage input.

The whole barrel 5 made of metal materials is of a U-shaped structure, preferably made of stainless steel, the lower electrode 2 is fixed in the center of the bottom of the U-shaped structure, and the wall penetrating terminals 9 designed on the side walls are used for inflating and deflating and leading out the preionization needles 4 respectively.

The electrode seat 6 made of metal material is used for fixing the upper electrode 1, and is fixed at the central opening of the insulating flange 8 through a fastening nut 11, and the air tightness between the metal electrode seat 6 and the insulating flange 8 is ensured through a sealing ring 10.

The insulating support 7 is integrally cylindrical, the axis of the insulating support and the axis of the cylinder wall of the cylinder 5 form an angle of 30-60 degrees, and the inclination angle of the insulating support 7 of the trigger electrode increases the insulation distance from the insulating support 7 of the trigger electrode to the surface of the cylinder 5.

The side of insulating pillar 7 is processed with the full skirt, can increase creepage distance, further increases the insulating distance of switch, and trompil on one of them insulating pillar 7 cooperates trigger electrode 3 to draw out preionization needle 4.

The insulating support columns 7 are distributed along the circumference of the cylinder 5 according to a determined angle, the angle is matched with a fixed supporting point of the trigger electrode 3, one end of the insulating support column 7 of the trigger electrode is processed into a clamping groove shape and used for fixing the trigger electrode 3, the other end of the insulating support column is attached to the inner wall surface of the cylinder 5, and finally the trigger electrode 3 is horizontally fixed between the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2.

The shed structures are alternately and continuously distributed inside and outside along the side surface of the trigger electrode insulating support, or are only distributed inside (or outside) along the side surface, the shed structures are parabolic or conical, the ratio of the height of each shed to the width of the bottom is generally 0.5-1.5, the width of the bottom of each shed is less than or equal to 15mm, and the number of sheds is more than or equal to 2.

The insulating support 7 is made of an insulating material having high mechanical strength, impact resistance, excellent fatigue resistance to alternating stress, and good insulating properties.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 2, the switch trigger characteristic data obtained through the experiment, where t is a ratio of a trigger voltage to a switch operating voltage, and when t is 2.8, under a 40% to 70% operating coefficient, the switch has a conduction characteristic of short delay and low jitter, and when the 40% operating coefficient is 40%, the switch conduction delay is less than 40ns, the jitter is less than 1.5ns, and when the 70% operating coefficient is 70%, the switch conduction delay is less than 26ns, the jitter is less than 1.1ns, and as the switch operating coefficient increases, the jitter of the switch conduction delay gradually decreases.

Referring to fig. 3, it is shown that the through-flow experimental data of the gas switch has a maximum oscillation current peak value of 230kA, a pulse width of 50us, a switch transfer coulomb amount of not less than 18C/shot, and a lifetime of more than 100 times.

Please refer to fig. 4, which is a schematic circuit diagram of a 20-way switch synchronous discharge device, wherein S1-S20 are gas switches designed by the present invention, L1-L20 are loop inductors, a device energy storage capacitor bank is composed of 20 modules, each module comprises 1 40uF capacitor, the working voltage is 50kV, each capacitor is connected with a load through 1 gas switch, the gas switches and the load can be connected by a coaxial cable or a parallel plate transmission line, the gas switch through-current is not less than 200kA, the gas switches of the modules are controlled to be synchronously triggered when the device works, so that the 20 gas switches are switched on to discharge to generate a required current waveform, and the peak value of the output current can reach 4 MA. The research on the physical aspects such as electric explosion metal wires, high-temperature high-density plasmas, pulse strong magnetic fields, electromagnetic emission, material isentropic compression, pulse power supply of pump laser and the like can be realized through different loading forms.

In conclusion, the high-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the designed gas switch is ablation-resistant and stable in trigger characteristic, the problems of high capacity, wide working coefficient, short time delay and low jitter are solved, the compact pulse power device with the multi-path gas switch in parallel discharge has a good application prospect, and the engineering design requirements are met.

The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.