阅读说明：本技术 一种纳米气凝胶建筑材料及其制备方法 (Nano aerogel building material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 沈桂生 沈鏖 李鹤然 邵东飞 于 2020-06-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于材料技术和隔热保温阻燃技术领域,特别是涉及一种纳米气凝胶建筑材料及其制备方法。一种纳米气凝胶建筑材料,是由以下重量份的原料组成：粘合剂20份、氧化锆7份、气凝胶10份、水性分散剂4份、水40份、中空玻璃微珠6份、海泡石10份、澎润土1份、硅藻泥8份、贝壳粉8份、玻璃纤维1份。本发明提供的纳米气凝胶材料属于无机材料,具有环保保温隔热防水阻燃的性能,在极强附着力的作用下,可根据不同的需求设计出不同的外立面。在没有外来冲击力的情况下,与建筑物同寿命,杜绝了脱落、坍塌现象的出现。本发明提供的纳米气凝胶材料防火等级达到A级,出色的耐水性使得该材料在大型平面建筑上使用时完全可以长期保持不漏水。(The invention belongs to the technical field of materials and heat insulation and flame retardation, and particularly relates to a nano aerogel building material and a preparation method thereof. A nano aerogel building material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of adhesive, 7 parts of zirconia, 10 parts of aerogel, 4 parts of water-based dispersant, 40 parts of water, 6 parts of hollow glass microsphere, 10 parts of sepiolite, 1 part of bentonite, 8 parts of diatom ooze, 8 parts of shell powder and 1 part of glass fiber. The nanometer aerogel material provided by the invention belongs to inorganic materials, has the performances of environmental protection, heat insulation, water resistance and flame retardance, and can be designed into different outer vertical surfaces according to different requirements under the action of extremely strong adhesive force. Under the condition of no external impact force, the service life of the building is as long as that of the building, and the phenomena of falling off and collapse are avoided. The fire-proof grade of the nano aerogel material reaches A grade, and the excellent water resistance enables the material to completely keep water-tightness for a long time when the material is used on a large-scale plane building.)

1. A nano aerogel building material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of adhesive, 7 parts of zirconia, 10 parts of aerogel, 4 parts of water-based dispersant, 40 parts of water, 6 parts of hollow glass microsphere, 10 parts of sepiolite, 1 part of bentonite, 8 parts of diatom ooze, 8 parts of shell powder and 1 part of glass fiber.

2. The nano aerogel building material as in claim 1, wherein the sepiolite has a particle size of 300 mesh, the bentonite has a particle size of 200 mesh, the diatom ooze has a particle size of 200 mesh, and the shell powder has a particle size of 150 mesh.

3. The nano aerogel building material of claim 1, wherein the aqueous dispersant is sodium polyacrylate.

4. The nano aerogel building material of claim 1, wherein the binder is a polyvinyl acetate emulsion.

5. The method for preparing nano aerogel building material according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:

step 1, weighing raw materials in parts by weight, adding water, a water-based dispersant, glass fibers and a binder into a stirring kettle, and stirring at the speed of 1400rmb/min for 20 minutes;

step 2, adding zirconium oxide and aerogel into the stirring kettle, and continuing stirring for 15 minutes to thoroughly disperse the water, the water-based dispersing agent, the glass fiber and the adhesive on the surface of the skin of the aerogel, so that the aerogel is fully unfolded, the skin surface granularity of the aerogel is changed, and the effective utilization rate of 80-100 square meters per gram of the skin surface is increased;

step 3, adding sepiolite, bentonite, diatom ooze and shell powder into a stirring kettle, and stirring for 15 minutes;

and 4, reducing the stirring speed to below 70rmb/min, adding the hollow glass beads, and stirring for 30-60 minutes to prepare a colloidal mixture.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of materials and heat insulation, heat preservation and flame retardance, and particularly relates to a novel nano aerogel environment-friendly, heat preservation, heat insulation, waterproof and flame retardant building material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

According to the national outline of energy conservation development, the important energy-saving fields are building energy conservation, industrial energy conservation, traffic energy conservation, and huge building energy consumption is the first place to rush. Therefore, in order to rapidly and stably develop in the 21 st century, the reform of the wall material and the building energy conservation in China become the basic national policy in China, and the development of a novel wall material meeting the national building energy conservation specification becomes the mission of a material scientific research worker.

The heating energy consumption of the unit area of China is 2-3 times of that of developed countries with similar climatic conditions, and the used passive building heat preservation technology and materials are laggard compared with the traditional technology, such as: the traditional insulation board material comprises the following materials: organic insulating board materials, such as: organic heat insulation plate materials such as EPS plates, XPS plates, PU rigid foams and the like account for more than 80 percent of market share of heat insulation projects outside buildings in China. Although the organic heat insulation and preservation plate materials have the advantages of excellent heat conductivity coefficient and good heat preservation performance, the organic heat insulation and preservation plate materials have peculiar smell and toxic emission, and particularly have poor fireproof performance. In recent years, serious fire accidents of building external wall heat insulation projects continuously occur in China, the loss is serious, and serious influence is caused nationwide; inorganic insulating board materials such as: although combustion performance of rock wool, mineral wool, glass wool, foam concrete, vitrified hollow microspheres and the like reaches A level, the combustion performance is poor, the heat conductivity coefficient is poor, the heat preservation performance is poor, the construction process is complex, a plurality of auxiliary materials are used, resources are wasted, the comprehensive cost is high, dust pollution is serious in production and construction, particularly, the connection with a main structure of a building is not firm, and in recent years, serious casualty accidents caused by collapse and falling of a large area due to strong wind, freeze thawing and improper construction technical measures often occur, and the loss is huge.

Because the traditional heat insulation board material has the characteristics of fluffiness and softness, the material is easy to burn in the using process and has serious fire hazard, and the defect of unsafe fire hazard of the traditional heat insulation board material is fully proved due to huge loss caused by major fire accidents formed in the building heat insulation engineering in China in recent years. The inflammability of the traditional insulation board material is not fundamentally solved, so that the fire fighting measures in the current society can only adopt a passive and passive fire prevention mode, the passive and passive fire fighting measures can not only not fundamentally eliminate the hidden danger of fire, but also consume a large amount of social wealth of manpower and material resources, and more importantly, bring great threat to the safety of the society and even the country. The traditional organic heat insulation board materials (such as polyphenyl, polyurethane, extruded sheets and the like) have serious toxic pollution, volatilize a large amount of peculiar smell and toxic gas in the production and use processes, cause serious pollution to industrial environment and social environment, endanger the health and life safety of people (most people in fire accidents are suffocated and die due to inhalation of the toxic gas), also cause many industrial fires and toxic pollution accidents in China, seriously threaten personal safety, cause troubles to the society and seriously influence city construction and industrial development in China.

Environmental safety is the most challenging and urgent key problem facing human beings today, especially the heat insulation and fire retardation technology and materials in the building industry, and must be considered again from the perspective of fire safety and environmental protection. The development of the heat-insulating flame-retardant heat-insulating material which is beneficial to light thin layers, safety, environmental protection and intellectualization and the simple and efficient construction process are the directions of the overall technical development of the current heat-insulating industry field and are also important marks for measuring the heat-insulating flame-retardant material and the technical standard in the future. The traditional heat-insulating flame-retardant insulation board material is researched for upgrading and transforming by taking environmental safety as a starting point, and the traditional passive technology, process and material are replaced by the new safe, environment-friendly, light and intelligent nano new technology, new material and new process, so that the method is the primary task of ensuring the urban environmental safety of China, ensuring the life and property safety of people, saving energy, reducing emission and eliminating pollution. And the beautiful goal of building and developing beautiful cities is realized. Therefore, the traditional insulating board material which is easy to burn and toxic and is easy to be used at present must be upgraded and modified. The problem to be solved at present is to develop a material which has the advantages of environmental protection, heat preservation, heat insulation, water resistance and flame retardance.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a nano aerogel building material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nano aerogel material has good properties of environmental protection, heat preservation, heat insulation, water resistance and flame resistance, and can meet the requirements of heat preservation, heat insulation, water resistance and flame resistance of building walls. The material has the characteristics of simple construction, strong applicability, no toxicity, no smell, no color and simple preparation method. Can replace the traditional heat-insulating material and become a novel heat-insulating, waterproof and flame-retardant (acid-proof, alkali-proof and salt-proof) material which exceeds the building industry standard JG/T517-one 2017 standard of the people's republic of China.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

A nano aerogel building material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of adhesive, 7 parts of zirconia, 10 parts of aerogel, 4 parts of water-based dispersant, 40 parts of water, 6 parts of hollow glass microsphere, 10 parts of sepiolite, 1 part of bentonite, 8 parts of diatom ooze, 8 parts of shell powder and 1 part of glass fiber.

Further, the nano aerogel building material has the sepiolite granularity of 300 meshes, the bentonite granularity of 200 meshes, the diatom ooze granularity of 200 meshes and the shell powder granularity of 150 meshes.

The aqueous dispersant is sodium polyacrylate.

The adhesive is polyvinyl acetate emulsion.

A preparation method of a nano aerogel building material specifically comprises the following steps.

Step 1, weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, adding water, a water-based dispersant, glass fibers and a binder into a stirring kettle, and stirring at the speed of 1400rmb/min for 20 minutes.

And 2, adding zirconium oxide and aerogel into the stirring kettle, and continuously stirring for 15 minutes to thoroughly disperse the water, the water-based dispersing agent, the glass fiber and the adhesive on the surface of the skin of the aerogel, so that the aerogel is fully unfolded, the skin surface granularity of the aerogel is changed, and the effective utilization rate of 80-100 square meters per gram of the skin surface is increased.

And step 3, adding the sepiolite, the bentonite, the diatom ooze and the shell powder into the stirring kettle, and stirring for 15 minutes.

And 4, reducing the stirring speed to below 70rmb/min, adding the hollow glass beads, and stirring for 30-60 minutes to prepare a colloidal mixture.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows.

The novel nano aerogel environment-friendly heat-insulating waterproof flame-retardant material provided by the invention is an inorganic new material which can not be replaced by a traditional material developed aiming at the traditional heat-insulating material, breaks through the mode that the traditional material is used for heat insulation and the heat insulation is improved by depending on the thickness, and solves the problems that the traditional material is complex in construction process, is particularly difficult to connect with a building main body, is very easy to collapse and fall off when being frozen in the sky and in the cold and exposed to wind, rain and sun, and particularly, the traditional material is used for a large area of an outer wall, so that major.

The novel nano aerogel environment-friendly, heat-insulating, waterproof and flame-retardant material provided by the invention is designed to be 3-6 mm only at different latitudes according to the heat-insulating, waterproof requirements, and different outer vertical surfaces can be designed according to different requirements under the action of extremely strong adhesion. The novel nano aerogel environment-friendly, heat-insulating, waterproof and flame-retardant material belongs to an inorganic material, has the same service life as a building under the condition of no external impact force, and avoids the phenomena of falling off and collapse. The novel environment-friendly, heat-insulating, waterproof and flame-retardant nano aerogel material provided by the invention has the fire-retardant grade reaching A and excellent water resistance, so that the material can completely keep water tightness for a long time when used on a large-scale planar building.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.