阅读说明：本技术 一种烟花用光珠的配方及其制备工艺 (Formula and preparation process of bright bead for fireworks ) 是由 周昭坤 王巧传普 徐超 陶连文 张贤江 于 2020-06-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种烟花用光珠的配方,其组分及含量为：硝化纤维20％-70％,氧化剂10％-40％,一种或多种金属粉末10％-40％,着色剂0％-20％,所有百分比均为质量百分比。制备工艺包括：效果药芯材料准备、效果药芯溶解、造粒、烘干、外包裹层材料准备、溶解、包裹、烘干和添加引燃药层。与现有技术相比,本发明设计出真正的烟花用微烟光珠,解决了传统烟花用光珠燃烧污染环境的问题,同时,通过外包裹层通过特殊工艺处理,可防止效果药芯因潮湿而失效的问题。(The formula of the light bead for fireworks comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-70% of nitrocellulose, 10-40% of oxidant, 10-40% of one or more metal powders and 0-20% of colorant, wherein all percentages are mass percentages. The preparation process comprises the following steps: preparing an effect medicine core material, dissolving the effect medicine core, granulating, drying, preparing an outer wrapping layer material, dissolving, wrapping, drying and adding an ignition medicine layer. Compared with the prior art, the invention designs the real micro-smoke light bead for the fireworks, solves the problem that the traditional light bead for the fireworks burns to pollute the environment, and simultaneously, the problem that the effect flux core fails due to humidity can be prevented by the special process treatment of the outer wrapping layer.)

1. The formula of the light bead for fireworks is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:

20 to 70 percent of nitrocellulose,

10 to 40 percent of oxidant,

10 to 40 percent of one or more metal powders,

0 to 20 percent of colorant,

all percentages are mass percentages.

2. The formulation of the optical bead for fireworks according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrocellulose is formed by nitric acid esterification of plant fiber, the nitrocellulose is C₆H₁₀O₅、C₆H₉(NO₂)O₅、C₆H₈(NO₂)₂O₅、C₆H₇(NO₂)₃O₅The nitrogen content of the macromolecule formed by mixing the four basic rings depends on the mixing proportion of the four basic rings, and the nitrogen content of the nitrocellulose actually used for the micro-smoke colored light beads is between 11.0 and 12.5 percent.

3. The formulation of a light bead for fireworks according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxidizer includes ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chlorate.

4. The formulation of the optical bead for fireworks according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal powder comprises one or any mixture of more of titanium, iron, zirconium, aluminum, chromium, nickel in any proportion.

5. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the colorant is a metallic powder capable of undergoing a flame reaction, and comprises one or a mixture of any more of barium, calcium, cesium, copper, iron, indium, potassium, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, rubidium, antimony, strontium, and zinc, and further comprises a compound of the metallic powder.

6. The process for preparing the optical bead for fireworks according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the process comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of effect core material: mixing oxidant 10-40 wt%, nitrocellulose 20-70 wt%, metal powder 10-40 wt% and coloring agent 0-20 wt%, sieving to eliminate oversize grains;

(2) effect the drug core is dissolved: dissolving the uniformly mixed effect core materials in an organic solvent;

(3) and (3) granulation: kneading the dissolved effect core materials into a homogeneous drug mass, then rubbing the drug mass into small granules through a sieve, and sieving a plate or rotating a coating pot for granulation;

(4) drying: putting the effect drug core manufactured in the step (3) into a water bath oven or a steam drying room, and drying until the water content of the effect drug core is lower than 1%;

(5) preparing an outer wrapping layer material: 10 to 40 percent of oxidant and 20 to 70 percent of nitrocellulose are fully mixed and sieved, and the oversize particles are removed;

(6) dissolving the uniformly mixed outer wrapping layer material in a mixed organic solvent;

(7) coating the dried effect medicine core with the dissolved outer coating material;

(8) drying: putting the product obtained after the treatment in the step (7) into a water bath oven or a steam drying room, and drying until the moisture content of the effective medicine core is lower than 1%;

(9) adding an ignition medicine layer: and (4) putting the product obtained after the treatment in the step (8) into dry nitrocellulose powder, and fully mixing to wrap a layer of nitrocellulose powder on the surface of the treated product, so that the ignition is facilitated.

7. The process for preparing the optical bead for fireworks according to claim 6, characterized in that the organic solvent is one or several of the following solvents in cross combination, including methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, methyl ether, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fireworks and crackers, in particular to a formula of a bright bead for fireworks and a preparation process thereof.

Background

The light beads, also called bright beads, are mostly spherical as a part of the fireworks, but also have other shapes such as cylindrical shape, rectangular parallelepiped, etc., and can give out bright colored light after being ignited. Because the positions of the light beads buried in the gunpowder are different, the space distances for pushing the light beads away after the fireworks explode in the sky are different, so that an observer can see the designed firework shape after the light beads are ignited, and the firework has bright and colorful and rich-level burning effect due to the different colors and different space positions.

The traditional fireworks uses the light bead containing a large amount of black powder, and the function of the traditional fireworks is to provide the high temperature required by the light bead to burn and emit colored light. The black powder is formed by mixing potassium nitrate (or potassium perchlorate), charcoal and sulfur, potassium sulfide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and other substances polluting the air are generated after combustion, and meanwhile, the setting-off effect of the traditional fireworks is greatly reduced due to pollution and shielding of smoke. In order to solve the problem that the traditional firework used light bead burns and pollutes the environment, patents such as publication No. CN1597644A design light bead formulas which take epoxy slices, dextrin, alloy powder, phenolic resin, polyvinyl chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate as raw materials, do not contain black powder, the smog generated after burning is less than half of the traditional firework used light bead, but the effect is still not ideal: the binder such as phenolic resin, polyvinyl chloride and the like generates simple substance carbon after incomplete combustion, and the simple substance carbon is released into the air in the form of black smoke.

In order to better solve the defects of the traditional fireworks, the patent publication No. CN101481287B and other patents design the micro-smoke color light bead for fireworks by using ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, colorant, single-double base powder and magnesium-aluminum alloy as raw materials, which does not contain adhesive, and the smoke generated after combustion is 30 percent of that of the traditional light bead for fireworks. However, the single-base powder and the double-base powder adopted in the method are overdue smokeless powder for military industry retirement, the physical and chemical properties of the smokeless powder are unstable after long-term storage, and the smokeless powder cannot be effectively matched with the existing light beads during combustion, so that most of the light beads are combusted in a firework barrel during combustion. In addition, ammonium perchlorate can not coexist with potassium nitrate, and ammonium perchlorate can carry out interface ion exchange with potassium nitrate and generate ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate can seriously absorb water and make the medicine inefficacy, so when involving the potassium nitrate in the patent with publication No. CN101481287B, all replaced ammonium perchlorate with potassium perchlorate, but potassium perchlorate still produces the cigarette in the burning of potassium perchlorate.

Therefore, it is urgently needed to design a real micro-smoke light bead for fireworks.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a formula of a bright bead for fireworks and a preparation process thereof aiming at the problems in the prior art,

the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the formula of the light bead for fireworks comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

20 to 70 percent of nitrocellulose,

10 to 40 percent of oxidant,

10 to 40 percent of one or more metal powders,

0 to 20 percent of colorant,

all percentages are mass percentages.

Preferably, the nitrocellulose is formed by nitric acid esterification of plant fiber, and the nitrocellulose is formed by C₆H₁₀O₅、C₆H₉(NO₂)O₅、C₆H₈(NO₂)₂O₅、C₆H₇(NO₂)₃O₅The nitrogen content of the macromolecule formed by mixing the four basic rings depends on the mixing proportion of the four basic rings, and the nitrogen content of the nitrocellulose actually used for the micro-smoke colored light beads is between 11.0 and 12.5 percent.

Preferably, the oxidizer includes ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chlorate.

Preferably, the metal powder comprises one or a mixture of any more of titanium, iron, zirconium, aluminum, chromium and nickel in any proportion.

Preferably, the colorant is a metal powder capable of generating a flame reaction, and comprises one or a mixture of any more of barium, calcium, cesium, copper, iron, indium, potassium, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, rubidium, antimony, strontium and zinc, and the colorant further comprises a compound of the metal powder.

Preferably, the preparation process comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of effect core material: mixing oxidant 10-40 wt%, nitrocellulose 20-70 wt%, metal powder 10-40 wt% and coloring agent 0-20 wt%, sieving to eliminate oversize grains;

(2) effect the drug core is dissolved: dissolving the uniformly mixed effect core materials in an organic solvent;

(3) and (3) granulation: kneading the dissolved effect core materials into a homogeneous drug mass, then rubbing the drug mass into small granules through a sieve, and sieving a plate or rotating a coating pot for granulation;

(4) drying: putting the effect drug core manufactured in the step (3) into a water bath oven or a steam drying room, and drying until the water content of the effect drug core is lower than 1%;

(5) preparing an outer wrapping layer material: 10 to 40 percent of oxidant and 20 to 70 percent of nitrocellulose are fully mixed and sieved, and the oversize particles are removed;

(6) dissolving the uniformly mixed outer wrapping layer material in a mixed organic solvent;

(7) coating the dried effect medicine core with the dissolved outer coating material;

(8) drying: putting the product obtained after the treatment in the step (7) into a water bath oven or a steam drying room, and drying until the moisture content of the effective medicine core is lower than 1%;

(9) adding an ignition medicine layer: and (4) putting the product obtained after the treatment in the step (8) into dry nitrocellulose powder, and fully mixing to wrap a layer of nitrocellulose powder on the surface of the treated product, so that the ignition is facilitated.

Preferably, the organic solvent is one or more selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, methyl ether, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, acetone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.

Compared with the prior art, the formula of the light bead for fireworks and the preparation process thereof have the beneficial effects that: the invention solves the problems in the prior art and designs the real firework micro-smoke light bead. The nitrocellulose fiber is the same as single-base powder and double-base powder, and belongs to smokeless powder, so that the problem that the environment is polluted by burning of the conventional light-emitting bead for fireworks is solved. Meanwhile, the nitrocellulose has stable physical and chemical properties, and the combustion characteristic of the nitrocellulose can be flexibly controlled. The light bead structure comprises an effect medicine core, an outer wrapping layer and an ignition medicine layer, wherein the outer wrapping layer is processed through a special process, so that moisture in the air is not easy to enter the effect medicine core, the oxidant of the effect medicine core can be completely ammonium perchlorate, and even if the ammonium perchlorate and nitrate ions are exchanged to generate water-absorbing ammonium nitrate, the problem that the medicine loses efficacy due to moisture is avoided because the moisture in the air is isolated.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The formula of the light bead for fireworks disclosed by the invention is a product formed by fully mixing the following substances according to a certain proportion: 20 to 70 percent of nitrocellulose, 10 to 40 percent of oxidant, 10 to 40 percent of one or more metal powders and 0 to 20 percent of colorant, wherein the percentages are mass percentages. The beads may also be prepared using an organic solvent, but since the solvent is removed during the production of the beads and is not present in the final product, the choice of solvent is described in more detail in the preparation process.

The nitrocellulose (also called nitrocellulose, nitrocellulose and the like) is formed by nitric acid esterification of plant fibers, is a substance which provides high temperature for the light beads, stores chemical energy and can also be used as a reducing agent in the process. The nitrocellulose is composed of₆H₁₀O₅、C₆H₉(NO₂)O₅、C₆H₈(NO₂)₂O₅、C₆H₇(NO₂)₃O₅The nitrogen content of the macromolecule formed by mixing the four basic rings depends on the mixing proportion of the basic rings, the theoretical nitrogen content can be between 0 and 14.14 percent, and the nitrogen content of the nitrocellulose actually used for the micro-smoke color light bead is between 11.0 and 12.5 percent.

The oxidant provides oxygen for the combustion of the light beads, and when the combustion reaches or approaches zero oxygen balance, the flame temperature is higher during the combustion, and the brightness of the flame is higher. Because the ammonium perchlorate is almost smokeless when burning, is the oxidant most suitable for the micro-smoke colored light beads, and if the fuming requirement is relaxed, potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chlorate and the like can also be adopted.

The metal powder plays two roles: (1) the firework is burnt to emit bright and bright light, so that the light color effect required by the fireworks is achieved; (2) the catalyst plays a role of a reducing agent, and performs oxidation-reduction reaction with an oxidant to release heat and increase the temperature. The metal powders used in the present invention for the smokeless colored light beads include, but are not limited to: one or a mixture of any more of titanium, iron, zirconium, aluminum, chromium and nickel in any proportion.

Colorants refer to materials capable of undergoing a flame reaction, including but not limited to: metal powders of barium, calcium, cesium, copper, iron, indium, potassium, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, rubidium, antimony, strontium, zinc, and the like, and also compounds of the metal powders, such as cryolite, sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium oxalate, borax, strontium carbonate, strontium oxalate, strontium nitrate, strontium sulfate, barium nitrate, barium carbonate, barium oxide, barium chloride, barium perchlorate, copper oxide, basic copper carbonate (malachite), cuprous sulfide, and the like. These colorants may be used individually or in a mixed configuration, i.e., a color scheme that produces a new color by mixing two or more colors, such as red + blue ═ violet.