阅读说明：本技术 全双工网络中的全双工扩展器 (Full duplex extender in full duplex network ) 是由 戴维·B·鲍勒尔 克拉克·V·格林 艾哈姆·Al-班纳 于 2018-12-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：在一个实施例中,一种方法在相同频带中接收下游信号和上游信号。下游信号和上游信号被分离成第一路径和第二路径。使用第一路径的下游信号和使用第二路径的上游信号在模拟域中被放大。该方法将下游信号和上游信号彼此隔离,并将下游信号在下游发送给订户设备,并将上游信号向全双工节点发送。(In one embodiment, a method receives a downstream signal and an upstream signal in the same frequency band. The downstream signal and the upstream signal are separated into a first path and a second path. Downstream signals using the first path and upstream signals using the second path are amplified in the analog domain. The method isolates the downstream signal and the upstream signal from each other and transmits the downstream signal downstream to the subscriber device and transmits the upstream signal towards the full duplex node.)

1. A method, comprising:

receiving, by a computing device, a downstream signal and an upstream signal in a same frequency band;

separating, by the computing device, the downstream signal and the upstream signal into a first path and a second path;

amplifying, by the computing device, the downstream signal using the first path and the upstream signal using the second path;

isolating, by the computing device, the downstream signal and the upstream signal from each other;

transmitting, by the computing device, the downstream signal downstream to a subscriber device; and

transmitting, by the computing device, the upstream signal to a full-duplex node.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein,

receiving the downstream signal and the upstream signal during the same time slot.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein,

in the same time slot, the subscriber device is in a receive mode and another subscriber device that transmits the upstream signal is in a transmit mode.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein,

receiving the downstream signal and the upstream signal in different time slots.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein,

the subscriber device is in a receive mode in a first one of the different time slots and another subscriber device transmitting the upstream signal is in a transmit mode in a second one of the different time slots.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein isolating the downstream signal and the upstream signal comprises:

crosstalk is cancelled from any one of the downstream signal and the upstream signal.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein isolating the downstream signal and the upstream signal comprises:

converting the downstream signal or the upstream signal from analog to digital; and

converting the downstream signal or the upstream signal from digital to analog.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein amplifying the downstream signal or the upstream signal comprises:

performing one or more of the following operations:

amplifying the downstream signal or the upstream signal before converting the downstream signal or the upstream signal from analog to digital; and the number of the first and second groups,

amplifying the downstream signal or the upstream signal after converting the downstream signal or the upstream signal from digital to analog.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein,

converting the downstream signal or the upstream signal from analog to digital and from digital to analog isolates a receiver side that receives the downstream signal or the upstream signal from a transmitter side that transmits the downstream signal or the upstream signal.

10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

decoding the downstream signal or the upstream signal after converting the downstream signal or the upstream signal from analog to digital; and

after decoding, the downstream signal or the upstream signal is reconstructed.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein isolating the downstream signal and the upstream signal comprises:

crosstalk is cancelled from any one of the downstream signal and the upstream signal after converting the downstream signal or the upstream signal from analog to digital.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein isolating the downstream signal and the upstream signal comprises:

crosstalk is cancelled from either the downstream signal or the upstream signal prior to converting the downstream signal or the upstream signal from analog to digital.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein amplifying the downstream signal using the first path and amplifying the upstream signal using the second path comprises:

coupling the downstream signal to a first amplifier to amplify the downstream signal during a first time slot; and

the upstream signal is coupled to a second amplifier to amplify the upstream signal during a second time slot.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein amplifying the downstream signal using the first path and amplifying the upstream signal using the second path comprises:

coupling the downstream signal to an amplifier to amplify the downstream signal during a first time slot; and

coupling the upstream signal to the amplifier to amplify the upstream signal during a second time slot.

15. An apparatus, comprising:

one or more couplers configured to: receiving a downstream signal and an upstream signal in the same frequency band and coupling the downstream signal in a first path and the upstream signal in a second path;

one or more amplifiers configured to: amplifying the downstream signal using the first path and amplifying the upstream signal using the second path; and

isolation logic configured to: isolating the downstream signal and the upstream signal from each other,

wherein the one or more couplers are configured to: the downstream signal is transmitted downstream to a subscriber device and the upstream signal is transmitted to a full-duplex node.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:

a first analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the downstream signal or the upstream signal from analog to digital; and

a second analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the downstream signal or the upstream signal from digital to analog.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein,

the isolation logic is configured to: crosstalk is cancelled from any one of the downstream signal and the upstream signal after the first analog-to-digital converter converts the downstream signal or the upstream signal from analog to digital.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:

a first amplifier for amplifying the downstream signal during a first time slot; and

a second amplifier for amplifying the upstream signal during a second time slot.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:

an amplifier for amplifying the downstream signal during a first time slot and the upstream signal during a second time slot.

20. An apparatus, comprising:

one or more computer processors; and

a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, control the one or more computer processors to be configured for:

receiving a downstream signal and an upstream signal in the same frequency band;

splitting the downstream signal and the upstream signal into a first path and a second path;

amplifying the downstream signal using the first path and amplifying the upstream signal using the second path;

isolating the downstream signal and the upstream signal from each other;

transmitting the downstream signal downstream to a subscriber device; and

transmitting the upstream signal to a full-duplex node.

Background

Full duplex communications, such as the Full Duplex (FDX) Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS), are a type of data delivery system in which both downstream and upstream traffic are transmitted in the same frequency band. For example, downstream traffic may be transmitted from the head end to the FDX node, which then transmits the traffic to the downstream located subscriber devices. Upstream traffic is transmitted from the subscriber devices to the headend through the FDX node in the same frequency band as downstream traffic.

To carry full duplex traffic, the network is converted to an N +0 architecture, which means that the amplifiers in the network are removed and replaced by FDX nodes. The FDX transmission replaces the amplifier because it is not compatible with a conventional analog amplifier. For example, conventional analog amplifiers use duplex filters to provide isolation between the upstream amplification path and the downstream amplification path. The duplex filter prevents the amplifier from oscillating, but the use of the duplex filter only works because the upstream and downstream communications occur in different frequency bands. Thus, when upstream and downstream traffic is carried in the same frequency band, conventional analog amplifiers will not be usable.

Converting the amplifier to an FDX node to use the N +0 architecture may significantly increase the cost and timeline required to deploy the network to use full duplex transmission. The cost is increased because the FDX node uses fiber connections from the head end to the node, and the replaced amplifier is connected via coaxial cable rather than via fiber. When the FDX node replaces a conventional analog amplifier, the provider needs to replace the coaxial cable with an optical fiber, which not only increases the cost, but also takes time to replace the coaxial cable with an optical fiber.

Disclosure of Invention

Drawings

Fig. 1 depicts a simplified system for amplifying a full-duplex signal according to some embodiments.

Fig. 2 depicts a more detailed example of a system according to some embodiments.

Fig. 3 depicts an example of an FDX regenerator in accordance with some embodiments.

Fig. 4 depicts an example of an FDX repeater in accordance with some embodiments.

Fig. 5A depicts an example of an FDX dual-switch amplifier according to some embodiments.

Fig. 5B depicts an example of an FDX bidirectional switching amplifier according to some embodiments.

Fig. 6 depicts a simplified flow diagram of a method for processing full-duplex signals according to some embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a special-purpose computer system configured with an FDX extender, according to one embodiment.

Detailed Description

Described herein are techniques for a full duplex communication system. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous examples and specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments. Some embodiments defined by the claims may include some or all of the features of these examples alone or in combination with other features described below, and may further include modifications and equivalents of the features and concepts described herein.

Some embodiments provide a Full Duplex (FDX) spreader for amplifying a full duplex signal. Full duplex signals carry upstream and downstream traffic in the same frequency band. FDX extenders can be used for analog amplification in full duplex networks. The FDX expander may receive a downstream signal and an upstream signal in the same frequency band, wherein the downstream signal is received from a Full Duplex (FDX) node and the upstream signal is from a subscriber device. The FDX expander then separates the downstream signal and the upstream signal into separate paths. The downstream signal is amplified using a first path and the upstream signal is amplified using a second path. In some embodiments, the FDX expander isolates the downstream signal from the upstream signal. Different methods for isolating the downstream and upstream signals from each other are understood and will be described in more detail below. After amplification, the FDX expander transmits downstream signals to subscriber devices and upstream signals to the FDX node. The FDX extender allows amplification to be performed in a full duplex network without having to replace the amplifier with an FDX node. For example, an analog connection (such as via a coaxial cable connection) from the FDX node to the FDX extender may be maintained in a full duplex system while continuing to provide amplification functionality.

Overview of the System

Fig. 1 depicts a simplified system 100 for a method of amplifying a full-duplex signal according to some embodiments. System 100 includes FDX node 102, extender 104, and subscriber 110. It will be understood that other components of the network may be included, such as other FDX nodes 102 and expanders 104 may be included. Further, although not shown, a head end may be located upstream of FDX node 102. In some embodiments, FDX node 102 may be part of a remote Physical (PHY) device that may be located closer to the subscriber's premises, such as in a node located in the neighborhood of the subscriber. The relocated physical device is referred to as a Remote Physical Device (RPD). FDX node 102 converts packets on a digital interface, such as an ethernet interface received over a digital network (such as over fiber), to analog signals, such as Radio Frequency (RF) signals, on a Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network. FDX node 102 sends RF signals via an analog network, such as via coaxial cable, to a modem located within the subscriber premises.

Full-duplex signals may include different types of traffic, such as data and video. In the downstream direction, signals from the head end are transmitted through the FDX node 102 to the subscribers 110 through the expanders 104. A group of subscribers may be connected to a tap 112 that provides a connection with a subscriber 110. Subscriber 110 may include a subscriber device such as a modem that receives downstream signals and transmits upstream signals. In some embodiments, the modem comprises a cable modem, although other devices, such as a gateway, are understood. In the upstream direction, subscriber 110 sends an upstream signal to the head end through expander 104 and FDX node 102.

In the downstream direction, FDX node 102 may receive downstream signals from the head and process the downstream signals using full duplex logic 106. As described above, FDX node 102 may receive packets via a digital network. FDX node 102 then transmits the downstream signal to expander 104. The downstream signal is sent via an analog network. The expander 104 then amplifies the downstream signal in the analog domain. Likewise, in the upstream direction, the expander 104 receives the upstream signal and may amplify the upstream signal in the analog domain. The expander 104 then sends an upstream signal to the head end, which eventually reaches the FDX node 102. The upstream signal is transmitted via an analog network.

The expander 104 receives the downstream signal and the upstream signal in the same frequency band, which may be a range of frequencies that includes both the downstream signal and the upstream signal. In some embodiments, the downstream signal and the upstream signal are transmitted simultaneously, but in other embodiments may be transmitted at different times. The expander 104 may process the downstream and upstream signals using isolation and amplification logic 108, and the isolation and amplification logic 108 may separate the downstream and upstream signals transmitted in the same frequency band. Isolation and amplification logic 108 may then amplify the downstream signal using the first path and amplify the upstream signal using the second path. Amplification is performed in the analog domain while isolating the downstream and upstream signals from each other. After amplification, expander 104 may send downstream signals to subscriber 110 and upstream signals to the headend.

In some embodiments, FDX extender 104 may replace a conventional analog amplifier in the network. The use of FDX extender 104 allows full duplex traffic to be sent in the network without having to replace the traditional analog amplifier with FDX node 102. Also, the connection between FDX node 102 and FDX extender 104 may be to transmit analog signals, such as Radio Frequency (RF) signals, which may be transmitted over coaxial cable rather than optical fiber. This means that signals in the downstream direction from the FDX node 102 to the FDX extender 104 may be in the analog domain. If fiber is used, communication from the FDX node 102 to another FDX node may be in the digital domain, which would require replacement of the coaxial cable between the two FDX nodes 102 as described in the background.

Fig. 2 depicts a more detailed example of the system 100 according to some embodiments. In the network, various taps 112-1 to 112-18 are included that couple signals to the subscriber 110. In addition, different types of FDX extenders 104 may be included in various locations to amplify at different points in the network.

The FDX node 102 converts digital signals to analog signals in the downstream direction and analog signals to digital in the upstream direction using full duplex logic 106. In the downstream direction, the full duplex logic 106 in the FDX node 102 may include a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that converts a digital signal to an analog signal. The anti-aliasing filter 204 may attenuate higher frequencies to prevent aliasing components from being sampled. The amplifier 206 then amplifies the signal. Directional coupler 208 couples the analog downstream signal to tap 112-1.

In the upstream direction, the directional coupler 208 receives the analog upstream signal and couples the signal to an amplifier 210, the amplifier 210 amplifying the upstream signal. The analog-to-digital converter 212 then converts the analog signal to digital. The digital upstream signal may then be transmitted to the head-end. Although such full duplex logic is described, it should be understood that other variations of full duplex circuitry may be appreciated.

In some embodiments, the expander 104 may be implemented using three different types of expanders, such as the FDX regenerator 104-1, the FDX repeater 104-2, and/or the FDX switching amplifier 104-3. Although such a configuration of expander 104 is described, it will be understood that FDX regenerator 104-1, FDX repeater 104-2, and FDX switching amplifier 104-3 may be placed at different locations in the network, and other implementations will be understood. For example, all three implementations need not be implemented in the network, such as only one or two of the implementations may be used.

In one path, the FDX node 102 may be coupled to the FDX relay 104-2 and then the FDX relay 104-2 is coupled to the FDX switching amplifier 104-3. The second path couples the FDX node 102 to the FDX repeater 104-2 and the third path couples the FDX node 102 to the FDX regenerator 104-1. The FDX repeater 104-2 and the FDX regenerator 104-1 may be further coupled to other FDX repeaters or regenerators or switching amplifiers further downstream in the network.

FDX extender 104 may be located at N +1, N +2, etc. locations in the network. For example, the FDX repeater 104-2 may be located at the N +1 position of the network, while the FDX switching amplifier 104-3 may be located at the N +2 position. The N + X notation (where X is a number) indicates that FDX repeater 104-2 is performing a first stage of amplification from FDX node 102 and FDX switching amplifier 104-3 is performing a second stage of amplification from FDX node 102. X is the number of nodes that amplify the signal.

The FDX regenerator 104-1, FDX repeater 104-2, and FDX switching amplifier 104-3 provide amplification of downstream and upstream signals while providing isolation. The FDX regenerator 104-1 and the FDX repeater 104-2 may isolate the downstream and upstream signals and amplify the downstream and upstream signals simultaneously. However, the FDX switching amplifier 104-3 may amplify downstream and upstream signals transmitted in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) manner. That is, at some time, subscriber 110 may be in a transmit or receive mode. Conversely, when the subscriber is in both transmit and receive modes, FDX regenerator 104-1 and FDX repeater 104-2 may process the signal. For example, during the same time period, a first subscriber may be receiving a downstream transmission and a second subscriber may be sending an upstream transmission. Downstream and upstream transmissions are processed by either FDX regenerator 104-1 or FDX repeater 104-2 during the same time period.

In a network, an interference group is created when a modem in the network is transmitting, other modems see the transmission and treat the transmission as noise interference. The magnitude of the interference varies based on the transmission power of the modems and the isolation between each modem pair. For some modem pairs, this interference level will severely limit the downstream received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the victim modem (e.g., the modem receiving the interference). In this case, the modem pair would be assigned to the same interference group and not allowed to transmit and receive simultaneously. Since a single modem may limit the received SNR for many modems, all of the modems are assigned to the same interference group. Typically, these interference groups are located in close proximity to each other and have relatively few isolated network elements. In this example, where the modems in the interference group are restricted to transmitting at different times, the FDX switching amplifier 104-3 may be used without losing any of the full duplex functionality of the network. That is, the FDX switch amplifier 104-3 may never handle full duplex traffic simultaneously and thus may be used without any negative restrictions on receiving and transmitting full duplex traffic in both the upstream and downstream directions.

In some examples, network analysis may be used to determine which type of FDX extender to use. For example, FDX regenerator 104-1 may be used in locations in a network that are coupled to a large number of subscribers 110. Also, when coupled to a small number of subscribers 110 limited to TDD communications, the FDX switching amplifier 104-3 may be used.

Now, the different types of FDX extenders 104 will be described in more detail below.

FDX regenerator 104-1

FIG. 3 depicts an example of an FDX regenerator 104-1 according to some embodiments. While such a configuration of the FDX regenerator 104 is described, it should be understood that variations of the described logic may be appreciated. In FDX regenerator 104-1, the upstream path and the downstream path may contain the same functional elements.

The FDX regenerator 104-1 includes two interfaces referred to as an FDX modem function 300 and an FDX main function 301. The FDX modem function 300 performs the function of implementing a modem. In addition, the FDX master function 301 may perform functions performed by the FDX node 102. The use of the FDX modem function 300 and the FDX master function 301 provides a modem interface on the network-side interface of the FDX regenerator 104-1 and the FDX master function 301 provides a similar interface on the subscriber-side interface as contained in the FDX node 102.

FDX regenerator 104-1 includes a downstream path and an upstream path. In the downstream direction, directional coupler 302 receives the downstream signal and may couple the downstream signal into the downstream path to amplifier 304. Amplifier 302 amplifies the signal in the analog domain. Amplification will be described as being performed in both the FDX modem function 300 and the FDX main function 301, but it will be understood that amplification may be performed in only one of the FDX modem function 300 and the FDX main function 301. For example, amplification is performed only on the transmit side, such as in the FDX main function 301 in the downstream direction and in the FDX modem function 300 in the upstream direction.

After amplification, analog-to-digital converter 306 converts the analog signal to a digital signal. The decoder/controller 308 may then decode the signal, which fully deconstructs the signal, and then reconstructs the signal. Deconstruction may generate a separate codeword for the digital signal. The decoder/controller 308 converts the codeword, which represents the instantaneous power over time of the waveform intended to be retransmitted, into the encoded base data content within the waveform. At the input of the ADC306 there is an analog waveform representing the power of the composite signal as it is transmitted through the network. The ADC306 measures this power at a series of specific time instances and reports a series of codewords proportional to the instantaneous power in the time samples. The decoder/controller 308 performs the additional steps of taking these samples and demodulating them into a baseband signal, which thereby produces the actual data content of the signal.

The decoder/controller 308 then remodulates/re-encodes the data and then feeds the data to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)310 as a series of codewords, which again represent the instantaneous power over time as a series of codewords. The DAC 310 receives the codeword and converts the codeword into an analog waveform having a power that matches the codeword value. Analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion are used to isolate the network-side interface from the subscriber-side interface. That is, in the downstream path or the upstream path, the receiver side is isolated from the transmitter side.

The anti-aliasing filter 312 may then attenuate higher frequencies to prevent aliasing components from being sampled. Amplifier 314 may then amplify the signal. Directional coupler 316 couples signals in a downstream direction to subscriber 110.

In the upstream direction, directional coupler 316 may receive an upstream signal originating from subscriber 110 and couple the upstream signal to amplifier 318, which amplifier 318 amplifies the signal. The analog-to-digital converter 320 then converts the analog signal to digital. The decoder/controller 308 may then decode the signal and then encode the signal, which deconstructs and reconstructs the signal. The digital-to-analog converter 322 converts the digital signal to analog. The anti-aliasing filter 324 receives the signal and attenuates higher frequencies. Amplifier 326 may then amplify the signal. The directional coupler 302 may then couple the upstream signal in the upstream direction.

FDX regenerator 104-1 may also isolate the downstream path from the upstream path by canceling crosstalk. For example, crosstalk cancellation logic 328 may cancel any crosstalk that occurs between the downstream direction and the upstream direction, such as to prevent a transmitter of FDX regenerator 104-1 from corrupting signals present on a receiver of FDX regenerator 104-1. Crosstalk occurs when downstream signals are transmitted downstream through the directional coupler 316, but some downstream signals are then directed in the upstream direction through the amplifier 318. Similarly, when an upstream signal is sent upstream through the directional coupler 302, crosstalk can occur, but then some of the upstream signal is directed downstream through the amplifier 304. Crosstalk logic 328 may cancel a small amount of downstream signals transmitted in the upstream direction by creating an inverse of the signal based on frequency and phase shift. And, crosstalk logic 328 similarly cancels upstream signals transmitted in the downstream direction. Crosstalk logic 328 provides isolation between downstream and upstream signals.

Crosstalk cancellation may be performed in the digital or analog domain. That is, crosstalk logic 328 may perform crosstalk cancellation after converting analog signals to digital signals or may perform crosstalk cancellation before converting analog signals to digital signals. In FDX regenerator 104-1, crosstalk cancellation is performed at both the input and output sides of decoder/controller 308 to prevent the transmitter of FDX regenerator 104-1 from corrupting the signal present at the receiver of FDX regenerator 104-1. Cancellation is required on both sides because crosstalk may occur on both sides of the decoder/controller 308.

FDX repeater 104-2

Fig. 4 depicts an example of an FDX repeater 104-2 according to some embodiments. In this example, the upstream path and the downstream path include the same functional elements. One difference between FDX repeater 104-2 and FDX regenerator 104-1 is that the digitized signal is not fully deconstructed and reconstructed in FDX repeater 104-2. Rather, the digitized signal includes digital codewords for the entire spectrum, rather than individual codewords as described with respect to FDX regenerator 104-1. The digitized signal may be included in the original spectrum in a digital format and represents the power of the entire spectrum.

Similar to FDX regenerator 104-1, FDX repeater 104-2 includes a network-side interface and a subscriber-side interface, which are illustrated as FDX modem function 400 and FDX main function 401, respectively. FDX repeater 104-2 also includes a downstream path and an upstream path. In the downstream direction, directional coupler 402 receives the downstream signal and may couple the downstream signal into the downstream path to amplifier 404. Amplifier 404 amplifies the signal in the analog domain. It will be appreciated that amplification need not be performed on both sides of the ADC and DAC conversions as described with respect to FDX regenerator 104-1.

After amplification, analog-to-digital converter 406 converts the analog signal to digital. The digital signal may then be sent to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)408 to convert the digital signal to analog. As with the FDX regenerator, analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion are used to isolate the network-side interface from the subscriber-side interface. That is, in the downstream path or the upstream path, the receiver side is isolated from the transmitter side.

The anti-aliasing filter 410 may then attenuate higher frequencies to prevent aliasing components from being sampled. Amplifier 412 may then amplify the signal in the analog domain. Directional coupler 414 couples the signal in the downstream direction.

In the upstream direction, the directional coupler 414 may receive the upstream signal and couple the upstream signal to an amplifier 416, which amplifier 416 amplifies the signal in the analog domain. The analog-to-digital converter 418 then converts the analog signal to digital. The digital-to-analog converter 420 converts the digital signal to analog. The anti-aliasing filter 422 receives the signal and attenuates higher frequencies. Amplifier 424 may then amplify the signal in the analog domain. The directional coupler 402 couples upstream signals in an upstream direction.

The FDX repeater 104-2 may also isolate the downstream path from the upstream path by canceling crosstalk. For example, the crosstalk cancellation logic 426 may isolate the upstream path and the downstream path by canceling crosstalk. Crosstalk cancellation logic 426 may cancel crosstalk in the digitized signals between analog-to-digital converter 406 and digital-to-analog 408 and between analog-to-digital converter 418 and digital-to-analog converter 420. Crosstalk logic 426 may perform crosstalk cancellation on both the downstream path and the upstream path. The crosstalk cancellation logic 426 may be similar to the crosstalk cancellation logic 328 of the FDX regenerator 104-1. The cancellation method is similar to that between crosstalk cancellation logic 426 and may be similar to crosstalk cancellation logic 328, but need not be the same. In some embodiments, FDX regenerator 104-1 has a superset of options for how cancellation may be achieved. FDX repeater 104-2 may have a subset of these options. In some embodiments, any form of cancellation that provides sufficient crosstalk suppression may be used.

In FDX repeater 104-2 and FDX regenerator 104-1, cancellation may be performed in the analog domain, the digital domain, or partially in the analog domain to reduce the magnitude of crosstalk with respect to the message signal, and then further cancellation may be performed in the digital domain.

FDX switching amplifier 104-3

Fig. 5A and 5B depict different examples of FDX switching amplifier 104-3 according to some embodiments. Fig. 5A includes separate upstream and downstream amplifiers, and fig. 5B includes a single amplifier that switches between two directions. The FDX dual switching amplifier 104-3 may operate in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode. In this example, the upstream and downstream signals are not processed simultaneously. Thus, the FDX dual switch amplifier 104-3 may be placed at the end of the network and coupled to the subscribers 110 that transmit or receive interfering signals. In this example, subscriber 110 cannot transmit or receive simultaneously, and thus the TDD mode of FDX dual switch amplifier 104-3 is acceptable because the upstream and downstream signals are being transmitted using TDD.

Fig. 5A depicts an example of an FDX dual-switch amplifier 104-3 according to some embodiments. Modem/controller 512 may control switches 504 and 508 to couple upstream signals to the upstream path and to couple downstream signals to the downstream path. For example, the modem/controller 512 controls the switches 504 and 508 based on whether the subscriber 110 coupled to the FDX dual switch amplifier 104-3 is in a transmit mode or a receive mode. The modem/controller 512 receives the downstream signal and determines that the subscriber is in a receive mode. When no downstream signal is received, the modem/controller 512 determines that the subscriber is in a transmit mode. When subscriber 110 is set to receive downstream signals in a time slot, modem/controller 512 controls switches 504 and 508 to couple the downstream signals to amplifier 506. Similarly, when a time slot occurs while subscriber 110 is transmitting an upstream signal, modem/controller 512 controls switches 504 and 508 to couple the upstream signal to amplifier 510.

In the downstream direction, FDX dual-switch amplifier 104-3 may receive the downstream signal at directional coupler 502. The directional coupler 502 may then send the downstream signal to a switch 504, such as a Radio Frequency (RF) switch. The modem/controller 512 controls the switch 504 to couple the downstream signal to the downstream amplifier 506, which may then amplify the signal in the analog domain. The downstream signal is then sent to the switch 508. Modem/controller 512 controls switch 508 to connect to the downstream path and couple the downstream signal in the downstream direction to subscriber 110.

In the upstream direction, modem/controller 512 controls switch 508 to couple the upstream signal to amplifier 510. Amplifier 510 then amplifies the signal in the analog domain. The modem/controller 512 controls the switch 508 to then couple the upstream signal to the directional coupler 502. The directional coupler 502 then transmits the upstream signal in the upstream direction to the FDX node 102.

In the above configuration, two different amplifiers and paths are used to amplify the downstream signal and the upstream signal, respectively. This uses multiple amplifiers, but only two switches, which can simplify the switching logic. In this example, the upstream and downstream paths are isolated by TDD and no crosstalk cancellation or analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog conversion is used.

Fig. 5B depicts an example of an FDX bidirectional switching amplifier 104-3 according to some embodiments. In this embodiment, a single amplifier is used, and the switches are controlled to couple the upstream and downstream signals to the same amplifier 526 through different paths. Portions of the downstream and upstream paths may pass through similar components, such as switches and amplifiers 526. However, the total path taken is different between the downstream path and the upstream path. That is, the downstream path is coupled by a different switching sequence than the upstream path.

The modem/controller 532 controls the switches 522, 524, 528 and 530 in different time slots when the subscriber 110 is in transmit mode or receive mode. In an example, the downstream signal may be used by a modem/controller 532 receiving the downstream signal to determine when the subscriber 110 is in a transmit mode or a receive mode. For example, upon receiving the downstream signal, the modem/controller 532 receives the signal from the directional coupler 520 and determines that the time slot is for the subscriber 110 in the receive mode. The modem/controller 532 then controls the switches 522, 524, 528, and 530 to couple the signals to the downstream path. When no downstream signal is received, the modem/controller 532 controls the switches 522, 524, 528, and 530 to couple the signal to the upstream path.

In the downstream direction, directional coupler 520 may couple the downstream signal to switch 522. Modem/controller 532 controls switch 522 to couple the signal to switch 524. The modem/controller 532 then controls the switch 524 to couple the signal to the amplifier 526. The amplifier 526 may then amplify the signal in the analog domain and couple the signal to the switch 528. Modem/controller 532 controls switch 528 to couple the signal to switch 530, which then sends the signal downstream.

In the upstream direction, modem/controller 532 controls switch 530 to couple the signal to switch 524. From switch 524, modem/controller 532 controls switch 524 to couple the upstream signal to amplifier 526 for amplification. The modem/controller 532 then controls the switch 528 and the switch 522 to send the upstream signal to the directional coupler 520.

Method flow

Fig. 6 depicts a simplified flow diagram 600 of a method for processing full-duplex signals according to some embodiments. At 602, the FDX expander 104 receives a downstream signal and an upstream signal in the same frequency band. As described above, in some embodiments, the downstream signal and the upstream signal may be received simultaneously. In other embodiments, the downstream signal and the upstream signal may be received at different times.

At 604, FDX expander 104 separates the downstream signal and the upstream signal into separate paths. As described above, different types of FDX expanders 104 may separate downstream signals and upstream signals differently.

At 606, the FDX expander 104 amplifies the downstream signal using the first path and amplifies the upstream signal using the second path. In some examples, different amplifiers may be used to amplify the downstream signal and the upstream signal. However, the downstream signal and the upstream signal may be amplified using the same amplifier, but may be coupled to the amplifier using different paths.

At 608, FDX extender 104 transmits the downstream signal to the subscriber device and the upstream signal to FDX node 102. It will be understood that transmitting downstream signals to subscriber devices may transmit signals through other FDX expanders 104, taps 112, or other network devices. Additionally, transmitting the upstream signal to the FDX node 102 may transmit the upstream signal to other FDX extenders 104.

Thus, FDX extender 104 provides amplification in a full duplex network without having to convert each amplifier to FDX node 102. This allows the network to use amplification without converting the network to an N +0 network. FDX expander 104 uses different techniques to isolate the upstream and downstream signals. For example, crosstalk cancellation logic may be used, and/or in TDD mode.

System for controlling a power supply

Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a specialized computer system 700 configured with FDX extender 104 according to one embodiment. Computer system 700 includes a bus 702, a network interface 704, a computer processor 706, memory 708, a storage device 710, and a display 712.

Bus 702 may be a communication mechanism for communicating information. The computer processor 706 may execute computer programs stored in the memory 708 or storage device 708. The routines of some embodiments may be implemented using any suitable programming language, including C, C + +, Java, assembly language, and so forth. Different programming techniques, such as procedural or object oriented, may be employed. The routine may be executed on a single computer system 700 or multiple computer systems 700. Further, multiple computer processors 706 may be used.

The memory 708 may store instructions, such as source code or binary code, for performing the techniques described above. Memory 708 may also be used for storing variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor 706. Examples of memory 708 include Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), or both.

The storage device 710 may also store instructions, such as source code or binary code, for performing the techniques described above. The storage device 710 may additionally store data used and manipulated by the computer processor 706. For example, storage device 710 may be a database accessed by computer system 700. Other examples of storage device 710 include Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, flash memory, USB memory cards, or any other medium from which a computer can read.

Memory 708 or storage 710 may be examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage media for use by or in connection with computer system 700. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium contains instructions for controlling a computer system 700 configured to perform the functions described in some embodiments. When executed by one or more computer processors 706, the instructions may be configured to perform what is described in some embodiments.

Computer system 700 includes a display 712 for displaying information to a computer user. Display 712 may display a user interface through which a user may interact with computer system 700.

Computer system 700 also includes a network interface 704 to provide a data communication connection through a network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN). Wireless networks may also be used. In any such implementation, the network interface 704 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.

The computer system 700 may send and receive information through a network interface 704 over a network 714, where the network 714 may be an intranet or the internet. The computer system 700 may interact with other computer systems 700 over a network 714. In some examples, client-server communication occurs over network 714. Moreover, implementations of some embodiments may be distributed over the computer system 700 through a network 714.

Some embodiments may be implemented in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, system, or machine. The computer readable storage medium contains instructions for controlling a computer system to perform the methods described by some embodiments. The computer system may include one or more computing devices. When executed by one or more computer processors, the instructions may be configured to perform the content described in some embodiments.

As used in the specification herein and throughout the claims that follow, "a", "an", and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Moreover, as used in the specification herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of "in.

The above description illustrates various embodiments and examples of how aspects of some embodiments may be implemented. The above examples and embodiments should not be deemed to be the only embodiments, but are presented to illustrate the flexibility and advantages of some embodiments as defined by the following claims. Based on the above disclosure and the appended claims, other arrangements, embodiments, implementations and equivalents may be employed without departing from the scope as defined by the claims.