阅读说明：本技术 一种野外便携式农业废弃物原位资源化利用分级制备生物炭的炭化炉 (Open-air portable agricultural waste in situ utilization utilizes retort of hierarchical preparation biochar ) 是由 吴敏 陈懿 陈�全 曾亮 潘波 周丹丹 孔颖 张建广 于 2020-07-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种野外便携式农业废弃物原位资源化利用分级制备生物炭的炭化炉,包括盖子、炉体、物料入口、排烟管、不锈钢外层、炭化区、隔热保温层、加热隔板、限气流滑盖、通风口、进料口、三根以上导热管、加热区、冷凝管、废气收集室、单向通气阀、尾气导管、一个以上筛网；本发明产品具备可移动性、便携性和简易操作性等特点,适用于田间、山地等特殊环境下使用,特别是针对于秋收过后的大量废弃农业生物炭的产生,产品的功能得以凸显；使用本发明炭化炉进行生物炭制取过程可靠、安全,制取效率高,成本低,占地面积小,便携,能满足野外就地制备生物炭的要求。(The invention discloses a field portable carbonization furnace for preparing biochar by in-situ resource utilization of agricultural wastes, which comprises a cover, a furnace body, a material inlet, a smoke exhaust pipe, a stainless steel outer layer, a carbonization area, a heat insulation layer, a heating partition plate, an airflow limiting sliding cover, a ventilation opening, a feeding hole, more than three heat conduction pipes, a heating area, a condensation pipe, a waste gas collecting chamber, a one-way ventilation valve, a tail gas guide pipe and more than one screen; the product has the characteristics of mobility, portability, simple operability and the like, is suitable for being used in special environments such as fields, mountainous regions and the like, and particularly aims at the generation of a large amount of waste agricultural biochar after autumn harvest, so that the functions of the product are highlighted; the carbonization furnace provided by the invention is reliable and safe in the preparation process of the biochar, high in preparation efficiency, low in cost, small in occupied area and portable, and can meet the requirements of field preparation of biochar on site.)

1. A field portable carbonization furnace for preparing biochar by in-situ resource utilization of agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising a cover (1), a furnace body (2), a material inlet (3), a smoke exhaust pipe (4), a stainless steel outer layer (5), a carbonization area (6), a heat insulation layer (7), a heating partition plate (13), an airflow limiting sliding cover (14), a ventilation opening (15), a feeding hole (16), more than three heat conduction pipes (17), a heating area (18), a condensation pipe (19), a waste gas collection chamber (20), a one-way ventilation valve (21), a tail gas guide pipe (22) and more than one screen;

the cover (1) is arranged at the top of the furnace body (2), the cover (1) is provided with a material inlet (3), the material inlet (3) is provided with an inlet cover, the heating partition plate (13) is arranged inside the furnace body (2) to divide the furnace body (2) into a carbonization area (6) and a heating area (18), the heating area (18) is arranged below the heating partition plate (13), the bottom of the furnace body (2) of the heating area (18) is provided with a vent (15) and a feed inlet (16), and the vent (15) is provided with an airflow limiting sliding cover (14);

a carbonization zone (6) is arranged above the heating partition plate (13), more than three heat conduction pipes (17) are arranged on the heating partition plate (13), the heat conduction pipes (17) become thick gradually from top to bottom, more than one screen meshes penetrate through the heat conduction pipes (17) to enter the carbonization zone (6), the carbonization zone (6) is communicated with one end of a smoke exhaust pipe (4), the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe (4) is connected with a condensation pipe (19), the other end of the condensation pipe (19) is connected with a waste gas collection chamber (20), the waste gas collection chamber (20) is communicated with a heating zone (18) through a tail gas guide pipe (22), and the tail gas guide pipe (22) is provided with a one-way vent;

the furnace body (2) is externally provided with a heat insulation layer (7), and the heat insulation layer (7) is externally provided with a stainless steel outer layer (5).

2. The carbonization furnace for the in-situ resource utilization and grading preparation of biochar from field portable agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized in that the cover (1) is arranged at the top of the furnace body (2) through a fixing ring (9), the fixing ring (9) comprises a non-closed fixing half sleeve (25), an insert (26), a bolt (27) and a nut (28), the insert (26) is arranged at two ends of an interface of the non-closed fixing half sleeve (25), an internal thread is arranged in the insert (26), the bolt (27) sequentially penetrates through the two inserts (26), the two inserts (26) are fixedly connected, and then the two inserts (26) are fastened through the nut (28).

3. The carbonization furnace for in-situ resource utilization and grading of biochar preparation of field portable agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized by further comprising a plurality of temperature sensors (10), wherein the reading end of each temperature sensor (10) is positioned outside the carbonization furnace, the sensing end penetrates through the stainless steel outer layer (5), the heat insulation layer (7) and the furnace body (2) and then is positioned inside the furnace body (2), and the penetrating part is of a threaded structure.

4. The carbonization furnace for in-situ resource utilization and grading of field portable agricultural wastes for preparing biochar according to claim 1, wherein the condenser pipe (19) is a flat pipe.

5. The carbonization furnace for the in-situ resource utilization and grading preparation of biochar from field portable agricultural wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer (7) is made of high-temperature-resistant aluminum silicate ceramic fiber blanket.

6. The carbonization furnace for the in-situ resource utilization and grading of the field portable agricultural wastes for preparing the biochar according to claim 1 is characterized in that the ventilation opening (15) and the feed inlet (16) are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the furnace body (2).

7. The carbonization furnace for in-situ resource utilization and grading of biochar from field portable agricultural wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that two handles are arranged on two sides of the ventilation opening (15), the handles are connected to the outer wall of the furnace body (2) to form a strip-shaped hole with the stainless steel outer layer (5) of the furnace body (2), and the airflow-limiting sliding cover (14) passes through the strip-shaped hole.

8. The carbonization furnace for in-situ resource utilization and grading of field portable agricultural wastes for preparing biochar according to claim 1, is characterized in that the heating partition plate (13) is welded on the inner wall of the furnace body (2) or fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body (2) through a fixing piece (8), the fixing piece (8) is a ring-shaped convex structure on the inner wall of the furnace body (2), and the heating partition plate (13) is placed on the ring-shaped convex structure.

9. The carbonization furnace for the in-situ resource utilization and grading preparation of biochar from field portable agricultural wastes according to claim 1 is characterized by further comprising a crushing fan (23) and a lifting frame (24), wherein the lifting frame (24) is positioned on the cover (1), the crushing fan (23) is arranged in the carbonization area (6) in the furnace body (2), a connecting rod of the crushing fan (23) penetrates through the cover (1) and then is connected with an output end of a small motor, the small motor is provided with a storage battery, and the connecting rod of the crushing fan (23) and the small motor are integrally arranged on the lifting frame (24).

10. The carbonization furnace for in-situ resource utilization and grading of field portable agricultural wastes for preparing biochar according to claim 9, is characterized in that the end part of the connecting rod of the crushing fan (23) is provided with an internal thread hole, the output end of the small motor is provided with an external thread, and the internal thread hole at the end part of the connecting rod of the crushing fan (23) is matched with the external thread at the output end of the small motor.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a field portable carbonization furnace for preparing biochar by in-situ resource utilization of agricultural wastes, in particular to an in-situ resource utilization device for the agricultural and forestry wastes applied to the field, and belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of the agricultural wastes.

Background

The total potential utilization amount of the Chinese straws reaches 8.76 hundred million tons, and the environmental and economic benefits are obvious. However, in recent years, because farmers lack accurate guidance, the propaganda strength is not enough, and the problems of fire, air pollution and the like caused by burning straws still occur occasionally. The cost of straw treatment is too high, the stubble left in mechanical harvesting is higher, and the seeding of crops in the next season is influenced; the scientific and technological conversion is not enough, the disposal technology is lacked, and the economic value of the straw is difficult to exert. Nowadays, although many solutions are provided for comprehensive utilization of crop straws, pertinence, practicability, timeliness and specificity are lacked, administrative means and reward and punishment measures are mainly taken, no one conducts organization, coordination and transformation work of straw utilization, and only blockage and no open flow are achieved, so that the problem is not really solved.

In recent years, researchers in various countries have conducted many researches, and the important roles of the biochar in improving the soil structure and physicochemical properties, increasing the crop yield, treating environmental pollution, increasing the agricultural carbon sink, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and the like are preliminarily verified. However, for farmers, the time and labor cost are increased by transporting agricultural wastes out of farmlands, the obtained economic benefit is very limited, and certain troubles are caused to agricultural production. However, the price of the existing carbonization furnace products on the market is from 1.2 to 6.5 thousands, and the products have large volume and weight, so that the products are not affordable but are not simple and convenient enough for ordinary farmers. In addition, the traditional carbonization furnace has more feeding materials, but has less effective product amount, uneven pyrolysis, low carbon production efficiency, single carbon product property and lower product phase.

In addition, the results of the basic research in the early period have proved that the application prospects and the environmental risks of the biochar with different temperatures and particle sizes are greatly different in the ecological environment. For example, biochar with smaller particles is easier to carry pollutants together to migrate into a groundwater system, and the environmental risk is relatively higher; the low-temperature biochar is used for improving the organic matter content of soil; the moderate temperature biochar has stronger persistent free radicals, so that the degradation of organic pollutants can be accelerated while environmental risks exist; the highly aromatic structure of the high-temperature biochar is beneficial to adsorbing and fixing pollutants. Therefore, how to efficiently realize the efficient separation of the biochar with different temperatures and particle sizes is also a technical defect of the existing equipment in the current market.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and equipment, and provides the carbonization furnace which is reliable and safe in preparation process, high in product preparation efficiency, low in cost, small in floor area, portable, capable of efficiently separating products with different temperatures and particle sizes and capable of meeting the requirements of field in-situ preparation of biochar on the basis of the theoretical research of the biochar in the previous period.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a field portable carbonization furnace for preparing biochar by in-situ resource utilization and classification of agricultural wastes comprises a cover 1, a furnace body 2, a material inlet 3, a smoke exhaust pipe 4, a stainless steel outer layer 5, a carbonization area 6, a heat insulation layer 7, a heating partition plate 13, an airflow limiting sliding cover 14, a vent 15, a feed inlet 16, more than three heat conduction pipes 17, a heating area 18, a condenser pipe 19, a waste gas collection chamber 20, a one-way vent valve 21, a tail gas guide pipe 22 and more than one screen;

the cover 1 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 2, the cover 1 is provided with a material inlet 3, the material inlet 3 is provided with an inlet cover, the heating partition plate 13 is arranged inside the furnace body 2 and divides the furnace body 2 into a carbonization zone 6 and a heating zone 18, the heating zone 18 is arranged below the heating partition plate 13, the bottom of the furnace body 2 of the heating zone 18 is provided with a vent 15 and a feed inlet 16, and the vent 15 is provided with an air-limiting sliding cover 14 for adjusting the size of the vent 15;

a carbonization zone 6 is arranged above the heating partition plate 13, more than three heat conduction pipes 17 are arranged on the heating partition plate 13, the heat conduction pipes 17 gradually become thick from top to bottom, more than one screen meshes penetrate through the heat conduction pipes 17 to enter the carbonization zone 6, the carbonization zone 6 is communicated with one end of a smoke exhaust pipe 4, the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe 4 is connected with a condensation pipe 19, the other end of the condensation pipe 19 is connected with a waste gas collection chamber 20, the waste gas collection chamber 20 is communicated with a heating zone 18 through a tail gas guide pipe 22, and a one-way vent valve 21 is arranged on the;

the furnace body 2 is externally provided with a heat insulation layer 7, and the heat insulation layer 7 is externally provided with a stainless steel outer layer 5.

The cover 1 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 2 through a fixing ring 9, the fixing ring 9 comprises an unclosed fixing half sleeve 25, inserts 26, bolts 27 and nuts 28, the inserts 26 are arranged at two ends of an interface of the unclosed fixing half sleeve 25, internal threads are arranged in the inserts 26, and the bolts 27 sequentially penetrate through the two inserts 26 to fixedly connect the two inserts 26 and then are fastened by the nuts 28.

The retort still includes a plurality of temperature sensor 10, and temperature sensor 10 reading end is located the retort outside, and the induction end passes and lies in furnace body 2 inside behind stainless steel outer 5, the thermal-insulated heat preservation 7, the furnace body 2, and the part of passing is the helicitic texture, when not setting up temperature sensor 10, can seal with the bolt.

The condenser pipe 19 is a flat pipe, and the contact area between the condenser pipe and air is increased to condense and carbonize waste gas generated.

The heat insulation layer 7 is made of high temperature resistant aluminum silicate ceramic fiber blanket.

The ventilation opening 15 and the feeding opening 16 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the furnace body 2.

Two handles are arranged on two sides of the vent 15 and connected to the outer wall of the furnace body 2 to form a strip-shaped hole with the stainless steel outer layer 5 of the furnace body 2, the air-flow-limiting sliding cover 14 penetrates through the strip-shaped hole, and the size of the vent is changed in the sliding process of the air-flow-limiting sliding cover 14.

The heating partition plate 13 is welded on the inner wall of the furnace body 2 or fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body 2 through the fixing piece 8, the fixing piece 8 is a circle of annular convex structure on the inner wall of the furnace body 2, and the heating partition plate 13 is placed on the annular convex structure for fixing.

Retort still includes broken fan 23, crane 24 is located lid 1, broken fan 23 sets up carbomorphism district 6 in furnace body 2, broken fan 23 connecting rod passes behind lid 1 and is connected with the output of small motor, small motor is from taking the battery, broken fan 23 connecting rod sets up on crane 24 with small motor is whole, the bolt handle on the wrench movement crane 24, can realize that broken fan 23 goes up and down in carbomorphism district 6, broken fan 23 reduces, broken material, broken fan 23 prevents that the material from popping out from the entry with one section distance in material entry interval, the broken fan that risees during the carbomorphism, produce decurrent air current and prevent that broken thing from piling up at the superiors filter screen, guide air current gets into condensing equipment simultaneously.

Broken 23 tie rod tip of fanning sets up the internal thread hole, and small motor's output is equipped with the external screw thread, and broken 23 tie rod tip internal thread hole of fanning matches with small motor's output external screw thread.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the invention mainly adopts a cooperative operation mode similar to 'bean boiling and bean burning', a small part of waste agricultural biomass is burnt to provide a heat source, and the other part of biomass is thermally cracked into biochar under the anoxic condition. The carbonization furnace has the characteristics of mobility, portability, simple operability and the like, is suitable for being used in special environments such as fields and mountainous regions, and particularly has remarkable functions for the generation of a large amount of waste agricultural biochar after autumn harvest.

(2) Be equipped with broken fan and broken elevating gear, can freely adjust broken height according to the characteristic of feeding material, improve crushing efficiency, in addition, broken flabellum can be used to broken living beings and guide the interior air current trend of stove, promotes the circulation of stove internal gas.

(3) More than one layer of screen is arranged in the high-temperature carbonization zone, so that the biochar with different particle sizes and different pyrolysis temperatures can be prepared, and the application of the biochar is selected according to the actual soil environment condition.

(4) The byproduct produced in the carbonization process can be collected through a condensing device, the combustible tail gas is not directly discharged and is reintroduced into the heating area for utilization through a smoke exhaust pipe, and the recycling efficiency and the environmental protection significance are greatly improved.

(5) The production cost is low, the popularization is strong, and the method is suitable for the requirements of different types of farmers.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a carbonization furnace in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the crane structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a crushing fan according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a retainer ring according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a heat pipe according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of the screen and the heating partition in accordance with example 1 of the present invention (5 mesh screen, 10 mesh screen, and heating partition in this order from left to right);

in the figure: 1-a lid; 2-furnace body; 3-material inlet; 4, a smoke exhaust pipe; 5-stainless steel outer layer; 6-high temperature carbonization zone; 7-heat insulation layer; 8-a fixing piece; 9-a fixed ring; 10-a temperature sensor; 11-5 meshes of screen mesh; 12-10 mesh screen; 13-heating the partition; 14-air flow limiting sliding cover; 15-a vent; 16-a feed inlet; 17-a heat pipe; 18-a heating zone; 19-a condenser tube; 20-an exhaust gas collection chamber; 21-one-way vent valve; 22-a tail gas conduit; 23-a crushing fan; 24-a lifting frame; 25-non-closed stationary half-sleeve; 26-an insert; 27-bolt; 28-screw cap.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.