阅读说明：本技术 一种手工制孔辅助工具及手工制孔方法 (Manual hole making auxiliary tool and manual hole making method ) 是由 陈松林 唐沐天 李帅 严厉 于 2021-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于飞机装配和维护技术领域,具体涉及一种手工制孔辅助工具及手工制孔方法,辅助工具包括钻套结构和支撑结构；钻套结构包括外壳和钻套本体,钻套本体可拆卸的设置于外壳的内部,钻套本体的的轴心处设置有钻孔；支撑结构包括四个支撑单元和与钻套结构底部契合的指示灯,指示灯固定连接于钻套结构的底部,四个支撑单元在钻套结构的底部呈正方形分布。本技术方案结构小巧、便携式,能够适用不同曲面,可通过提供可靠的压紧力以保证制孔时制孔刀具平稳,且针对不同孔径可以快速更换钻套本体,应用范围广。(The invention belongs to the technical field of airplane assembly and maintenance, and particularly relates to a manual hole-making auxiliary tool and a manual hole-making method, wherein the auxiliary tool comprises a drill bushing structure and a supporting structure; the drill bushing structure comprises a shell and a drill bushing body, the drill bushing body is detachably arranged in the shell, and a drill hole is formed in the axis of the drill bushing body; the supporting structure comprises four supporting units and an indicator light matched with the bottom of the drill bushing structure, the indicator light is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drill bushing structure, and the four supporting units are distributed in a square shape at the bottom of the drill bushing structure. This technical scheme structure is small and exquisite, portable, can be suitable for different curved surfaces, and the accessible provides reliable packing force and steady in order to guarantee the system hole drilling cutter, and can quick replacement drill bushing body to different apertures, and the range of application is wide.)

1. A manual hole-making appurtenance which characterized in that: comprises a drill bushing structure and a supporting structure;

the drill bushing structure comprises a shell (1) and a drill bushing body (2), the top of the shell (1) is open, and a through hole (4) coaxial with the shell (1) is formed in the bottom of the shell (1); the drill bushing body (2) is detachably arranged in the shell (1), and the outer wall of the drill bushing body (2) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell (1); a drill hole (3) is arranged at the axis of the drill bushing body (2);

the supporting structure comprises four supporting units (5) and an indicator light (6) matched with the bottom of the drill bushing structure, the indicator light (6) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drill bushing structure, and the four supporting units (5) are distributed in a square shape at the bottom of the drill bushing structure; the supporting unit (5) comprises supporting legs (5.1), a connecting gasket (5.2) and a sensor (5.3); one end of the supporting leg (5.1) is fixedly connected with the indicator light (6) through a connecting gasket (5.2), and the other end of the supporting leg (5.1) is provided with a semi-spherical structure (5.4); the sensor (5.3) is embedded in the axis of the connecting gasket (5.2) and is electrically connected with the indicator light (6).

2. A hand-held hole making aid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drill hole (3) is a cylindrical hollow structure arranged at the axis of the drill bushing body (2).

3. A hand-held hole making aid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting legs (5.1) are cylindrical mechanisms; the radius of the semi-spherical structure (5.4) is equal to that of the supporting leg (5.1).

4. A hand-held hole making aid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surface of the semi-spherical structure (5.4) is provided with rough grains.

5. A hand-held hole making aid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top of the drill bushing body (2) is provided with a hook (7) used for clamping the shell (1).

6. A hand-held hole making aid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the indicating lamp (6) is of a circular ring structure which is arranged corresponding to the bottom structure of the shell (1).

7. A manual hole making method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, assembling an auxiliary tool, selecting a drill bushing body (2) with a drill hole (3) with a corresponding size according to the size of the hole to be drilled, and installing the drill bushing body (2) in the shell (1);

s2, firstly, drilling a primary hole on the hole making structure by using a drill bit;

s3, placing the auxiliary tool on the hole making structure, then making the hole making cutter go through the drilling hole (3) and the perforation hole (4) in sequence, and synchronously adjusting the positions of the auxiliary device and the cutter to enable the top of the hole making cutter to coincide with the position of the initial hole;

s4, applying pressure to the auxiliary tool to enable the semi-spherical structures (5.4) on all the supporting legs (5.1) to be in contact with the hole making structures until the indicator light (6) is turned on;

and S5, under the condition that the indicator light (6) is ensured to be continuously lightened, the hole is made by adopting the hole making cutter, and after the hole is made, the hole making cutter and the auxiliary tool are taken down.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of airplane assembly and maintenance, and particularly relates to a manual hole making auxiliary tool and a manual hole making method.

Background

The drilling work is the most important work in the assembly stage of airplane components, and a large number of connecting holes are formed in the inner part and the surface of the airplane body. The hole making process comprises the processes of marking, preliminary hole making, reaming and the like, along with the improvement of the manufacturing precision of parts, most of the preliminary holes for assembly are made at the part stage at present, and the main work of hole making at the assembly stage is reaming and reaming. The drilling quality of the connecting piece directly influences the fatigue performance of the connecting piece, the drilling quality mainly comprises an aperture error and a verticality error, the aperture error is mainly caused by tool abrasion and tool shaking during drilling, and the verticality error is mainly caused by the fact that the tool is not vertically placed during drilling.

The tool for assisting hole making at present mainly is a hole making drill cup, the whole drill cup is a cylinder, a drill sleeve is arranged in the middle of the drill cup and used for ensuring that a cutter is coaxial with the drill cup, and the contact part of the bottom and a structure is a circular ring. This kind of instrument can guarantee the straightness that hangs down of system hole to a certain extent when system plane hole, nevertheless can't fix during the curved surface structure of system, receives the human factor to influence when using on planar structure, probably leads to boring the cup bottom not with the structure complete contact and the operator can't discover and in time correct, so guarantee the effect of straightness that hangs down not good, and the problem of cutter shake when this kind of bores the cup and can't eliminate the system hole.

At present, a robot hole making technology is researched at home and abroad, a curved surface normal vector is found through a machine vision system, and most of hole making problems can be better solved by utilizing the robot hole making technology. However, for a complex aircraft structure, the robot drilling cannot meet the requirement of full coverage, and a digital drilling system needs to reach a certain scale, so that efficient production is realized, and the cost is high. Therefore, the assembly of the airplane components at the present stage is mainly based on manual hole making, and how to improve the quality of the manual hole making by using a simple and effective device becomes an urgent priority.

Disclosure of Invention

The auxiliary tool is a simple tool which is small and portable, can be suitable for different curved surfaces, can ensure the stability of a hole making cutter during hole making by providing reliable pressing force, can quickly replace a drill sleeve body aiming at different hole diameters, and has a wide application range.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a manual hole-making appurtenance which characterized in that: comprises a drill bushing structure and a supporting structure; the drill bushing structure comprises a shell and a drill bushing body, the top of the shell is open, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a through hole coaxial with the shell; the drill bushing body is detachably arranged in the shell, and the outer wall of the drill bushing body is tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell; the drill bush body is characterized in that a drill hole is formed in the axis of the drill bush body, the drill hole is used for limiting the position (such as perpendicularity and radial deviation caused by shaking) of a drilling cutter during drilling, a plurality of signals of the drill bush body can be produced according to different sizes of the drill hole, and further, the drill bush body of a corresponding model can be selected according to the size of the hole to be drilled, so that the drill bush body is multipurpose and has high universality under the condition of not increasing the cost; the supporting structure comprises four supporting units and an indicator light matched with the bottom of the drill bushing structure, the indicator light is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drill bushing structure, and the four supporting units are distributed in a square shape at the bottom of the drill bushing structure; the supporting unit comprises supporting legs, a connecting gasket and a sensor; one end of the supporting leg is fixedly connected with the indicator light through a connecting gasket, and the other end of the supporting leg is provided with a semi-spherical structure which can be a hole-making structure adapting to a curved surface structure by the technical scheme; the sensors are embedded in the axis of the connecting gasket and electrically connected with the indicating lamps, and are used for measuring the pressure N between the supporting legs and the hole making structure (namely the surface of a workpiece needing hole making). Specifically, the principle is as follows: friction between support unit and hole-making structureWherein mu is the friction coefficient between the semi-spherical structure and the hole-making structure, when the hole-making cutter shakes and the radial force is appliedWhen the cutter does not radially displace, when the four supporting legs are all subjected to certain pressure,the friction force also increases. The radial force of the vibration of the hole making cutter during hole making can be obtained through special experiments, the friction force between the supporting unit and the hole making structure can be obtained through calculation and analysis, and the influence of the vibration can be eliminated through setting the pressure value according to the calculation result. Because the four supporting legs all require stress, the problem that the bottom of the tool is not completely attached to the structure due to operation problems can be solved. Meanwhile, the bottom of the tool adopts a structure of four supporting legs, so that the problem that the continuous circular ring structure cannot be fixed when used on a curved surface can be solved.

Preferably, the drill hole is a cylindrical hollow structure arranged at the axis of the drill bushing body, the cylindrical hollow structure can completely wrap the hole making cutter, the position of the hole making cutter is effectively and reliably limited during hole making, and the drill bushing body with a plurality of signals can be produced according to different radiuses of the cylindrical hollow structure.

Preferably, the supporting feet are cylindrical mechanisms; the radius of semicircle spherical structure equals with the radius of supporting legs, prevents to lead to the atress unbalanced (the atress unbalanced can cause the fracture of semicircle spherical structure) because of the semicircle spherical structure is too big, prevents to contact with system hole structure (specific, the semicircle spherical structure undersize, the tip of supporting legs can influence semicircle spherical structure and system hole structure contact) because of the semicircle spherical structure undersize, has increased supporting element's integration degree, has ensured supporting element's stability.

Preferably, the surface of semicircle spherical structure is provided with coarse grain for increase the coefficient of friction between semicircular structure and the system pore structure, skid when preventing to use and influence system pore quality, improved application safety factor simultaneously.

Preferably, the top of drill bushing body is provided with the couple that is used for blocking the shell, and couple and shell are mutually supported, prevent to take place relative rotation between drill bushing body and the shell, prevent simultaneously that the drill bushing body from coming off from the shell, have increased the stability of drill bushing structure, for the use of appurtenance provides the safety guarantee, when changing the drill bushing body, loosen the couple after take out the drill bushing can, easy operation is convenient.

Preferably, the pilot lamp is the ring structure that corresponds shell bottom structure and sets up, ensures that pilot lamp and shell bottom agree with, neither disturbs the hole cutter, and stable in structure is pleasing to the eye.

Based on the above-mentioned hand-made hole appurtenance, this technical scheme discloses a hand-made hole method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, assembling an auxiliary tool, selecting a drill bushing body with a drill hole of a corresponding size according to the size of the hole to be drilled, and installing the drill bushing body in the shell;

s2, firstly, drilling a primary hole on the hole making structure by using a drill bit;

s3, placing the auxiliary tool on the hole making structure, then making the hole making cutter go through the drilling and the perforation in sequence, and synchronously adjusting the positions of the auxiliary device and the cutter to ensure that the top of the hole making cutter is superposed with the position of the initial hole;

s4, pressing the auxiliary tool to make the semi-spherical structures on all the supporting legs contact with the hole-making structure until the indicator light is on (i.e. only when the indicator light is on)When the lamp is on, the indicator lamp is turned on);

s5, under the condition that the indicator light is ensured to be continuously lighted, the hole making cutter is adopted to make the hole, and after the hole making is finished, the hole making cutter and the auxiliary tool are taken down.

The beneficial effect that this technical scheme brought:

1) the verticality error in the process of making the curved surface can be controlled. The supporting legs sets up the hemisphere structure, and bottom and structure area of contact are little, can realize steadily placing at the structural realization of curved surface, can follow the distance between the supporting legs in the preparation stage adjustment instrument according to the change size of curved surface curvature in addition, can guarantee that the axis of appurtenance and curved surface system hole department straightness error control of hanging down is at 1.

2) Increasing the interchangeability of the tools. The drill bushing with different apertures has the advantages that the overall dimensions are consistent, the tool can be matched with the same main structure (namely the connecting structure of the shell, the indicator light and the supporting unit) and the drill bushing body with the model, and the universality of the auxiliary tool is improved to a certain extent under the condition of cost limitation.

3) Eliminating the influence of tool shake during hole making. Through the cooperation of pilot lamp and pressure sensor use, effectively master the frictional force between instrument and the structure, provide reliable basis for the influence that cutter shake caused when eliminating the system hole.

4) The problem of improper placement caused by human factors is solved. The indicator light is used with the cooperation of pressure sensor, and the instrument must be placed the back pilot light that targets in place and just is bright, places the instrument when guaranteeing the operator to use and targets in place.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional front view of the present embodiment;

in the figure:

1. a housing; 2. a drill bushing body; 3. drilling; 4. perforating; 5. a support unit; 5.1, supporting legs; 5.2, connecting a gasket; 5.3, a sensor; 5.4, a semi-spherical structure; 6. an indicator light; 7. and (4) hanging hooks.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described in the following with reference to the drawings and examples, but it should not be understood that the invention is limited to the examples below, and variations and modifications in the field of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Example 1

The embodiment discloses a manual hole-making auxiliary tool, which is a basic embodiment of the invention and comprises a drill bushing structure and a supporting structure; the drill bushing structure comprises a shell 1 and a drill bushing body 2, wherein the top of the shell 1 is open, and the bottom of the shell 1 is provided with a through hole 4 which is coaxial with the shell 1; the drill bushing body 2 is detachably arranged in the shell 1, and the outer wall of the drill bushing body 2 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell 1; a drill hole 3 is arranged at the axis of the drill bushing body 2; the supporting structure comprises four supporting units 5 and an indicator light 6 matched with the bottom of the drill bushing structure, the indicator light 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drill bushing structure, and the four supporting units 5 are distributed in a square shape at the bottom of the drill bushing structure; the supporting unit 5 comprises supporting feet 5.1, a connecting gasket 5.2 and a sensor 5.3; one end of the supporting leg 5.1 is fixedly connected with the indicator light 6 through a connecting gasket 5.2, and the other end of the supporting leg 5.1 is provided with a semi-spherical structure 5.4; the sensor 5.3 is embedded in the axis of the connecting pad 5.2 and is electrically connected with the indicator lamp 6.

In the actual production, according to the different sizes of the drill holes 3, the drill bushing bodies 2 of a plurality of models are produced, in the actual application, the drill bushing bodies 2 of corresponding models are selected according to the sizes of the holes to be drilled and are installed in the shell 1, the auxiliary tool is placed on the hole making structure, the hole making cutter is inserted into and penetrates through the auxiliary tool, and specifically, the hole making cutter sequentially penetrates through the drill holes 3 and the through holes 4; a certain pressure is applied to the auxiliary tool to ensure that the auxiliary tool is placed in place, in particular to ensure that the indicator lamp 6 is lightened, namely placed in place, so that hole making can be started. The technical scheme can control the verticality error of the curved surface during hole making, the supporting leg 5.1 is provided with the semi-spherical structure 5.4, the contact area of the bottom and the structure is small, stable placement can be realized on the curved surface structure, in addition, the distance between the supporting leg 5.1 in the tool can be adjusted from the manufacturing stage according to the change of the curvature of the curved surface, and the verticality error of the axis of the auxiliary tool and the curved surface hole making position can be controlled to be +/-1 degree; the interchangeability of tools is increased, the overall dimensions of drill bushings with different apertures are consistent, the tools can be matched with the same main structure (namely the connecting structure of the shell 1, the indicator light 6 and the supporting unit 5) and the drill bushing body 2 with different models, and the universality of the auxiliary tool is improved to a certain extent under the condition of cost limitation; the influence of tool shaking during hole making is eliminated, the friction force between a tool and a structure is effectively mastered through the matched use of the indicator lamp 6 and the pressure sensor 5.3, and a reliable basis is provided for eliminating the influence caused by tool shaking during hole making; the problem of placing not in place that human factors caused is solved, pilot lamp 6 and pressure sensor 5.3's cooperation are used, and the instrument must be placed in place after pilot lamp 6 just lights, places the instrument in place when guaranteeing that the operator uses.

Example 2

The embodiment discloses a manual hole-making auxiliary tool, which is a preferred embodiment of the invention, namely in the embodiment 1, a drill hole 3 is a cylindrical hollow structure arranged at the axis of a drill bushing body 2; the supporting feet 5.1 are cylindrical mechanisms; the radius of the semi-spherical structure 5.4 is equal to that of the supporting leg 5.1; the surface of the semi-spherical structure 5.4 is provided with rough grains; the top of the drill bushing body 2 is provided with a hook 7 for clamping the shell 1; the indicator light 6 is in a circular ring structure corresponding to the bottom structure of the shell 1.

According to the technical scheme, the cylindrical hollow structure at the axis of the drill bushing body 2 can completely wrap the hole making cutter, the position of the hole making cutter during hole making is effectively and reliably limited, and the drill bushing body 2 with a plurality of signals can be produced according to different radiuses of the cylindrical hollow structure; the structural arrangement of the supporting legs 5.1 and the semi-spherical structures 5.4 increases the integration degree of the supporting units 5, and ensures the stability of the supporting units 5; the arrangement of the rough lines can increase the friction coefficient between the semicircular structure and the hole making structure, prevent the hole making quality from being influenced by slipping in use, and improve the use safety coefficient; prevent to take place relative rotation between drill bushing body 2 and the shell 1 through setting up couple 7, prevent simultaneously that drill bushing body 2 from coming off from shell 1, increased the stability of drill bushing structure, provide the safety guarantee for appurtenance's use.

Example 3

The embodiment discloses a manual hole making method, which is a basic implementation scheme of the invention and comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling an auxiliary tool, selecting the drill bushing body 2 with the drill hole 3 with the corresponding size according to the size of the hole to be drilled, and installing the drill bushing body 2 in the shell 1;

s2, firstly, drilling a primary hole on the hole making structure by using a drill bit;

s3, placing the auxiliary tool on the hole making structure, then making the hole making cutter go through the drill hole 3 and the through hole 4 in sequence, and synchronously adjusting the positions of the auxiliary device and the cutter to enable the top of the hole making cutter to coincide with the position of the initial hole;

s4, applying pressure to the auxiliary tool to enable the semi-spherical structures 5.4 on all the supporting legs 5.1 to be in contact with the hole making structures until the indicator lamps 6 are lighted;

and S5, under the condition that the indicator light 6 is ensured to be continuously lightened, the hole is made by adopting the hole making cutter, and after the hole is made, the hole making cutter and the auxiliary tool are taken down.

The technical scheme can control the verticality error of the curved surface during hole making, the supporting leg 5.1 is provided with the semi-spherical structure 5.4, the contact area of the bottom and the structure is small, stable placement can be realized on the curved surface structure, in addition, the distance between the supporting leg 5.1 in the tool can be adjusted from the manufacturing stage according to the change of the curvature of the curved surface, and the verticality error of the axis of the auxiliary tool and the curved surface hole making position can be controlled to be +/-1 degree; the interchangeability of tools is increased, the overall dimensions of drill bushings with different apertures are consistent, the tools can be matched with the same main structure (namely the connecting structure of the shell 1, the indicator light 6 and the supporting unit 5) and the drill bushing body 2 with different models, and the universality of the auxiliary tool is improved to a certain extent under the condition of cost limitation; the influence of tool shaking during hole making is eliminated, the friction force between a tool and a structure is effectively mastered through the matched use of the indicator lamp 6 and the pressure sensor 5.3, and a reliable basis is provided for eliminating the influence caused by tool shaking during hole making; the problem of placing not in place that human factors caused is solved, pilot lamp 6 and pressure sensor 5.3's cooperation are used, and the instrument must be placed in place after pilot lamp 6 just lights, places the instrument in place when guaranteeing that the operator uses.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made thereto within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. The appearance of the drill bushing is changed, the fixing mode of the drill bushing is changed, the appearance of the bottom of the supporting leg 5.1 is changed, the reminding form of the indicating lamp 6 is changed and the like according to actual needs.