阅读说明：本技术 一种楔形板锻件的加工方法 (Wedge-shaped plate forging processing method ) 是由 牛震 雷玉臣 刘鹏宇 郑福胜 孟祥英 赵晓君 刘占东 蒋伟斌 黄宪军 于 2020-06-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种楔形板锻件的加工方法,它属于钢材锻造成型技术领域。本发明要解决的问题是降低楔形板的制备成本。本发明的工艺流程为钢锭加热→压钳口→倒棱→去锭底→第一次镦粗→第一次拔长方形坯料→第二次镦粗→第二次拔长方形坯料→第三次拔长方形坯料→用专用上砧进行半模锻→热处理→精整各部位至成品尺寸,专用上砧为上平坡砧,上平坡砧的底边距离水平面的角度≤楔形板锻件的楔形角度。本发明采用两镦两拔锻造成型同时由走圆不走方的传统改为走方锻造工艺突破,以特制平砧进行最后一火精整,利用特制工具配合锻造成型,使楔形板锻件一次合格率达到95％以上,金属纤维流线更好、操作简单、减少锻件毛坯工艺重量。本发明用于楔形板锻件的加工。(A wedge-shaped plate forging processing method belongs to the technical field of steel forging forming. The invention aims to solve the problem of reducing the preparation cost of the wedge-shaped plate. The process flow of the invention is steel ingot heating → pressing jaw → chamfering → ingot bottom removing → first upsetting → first long square blank drawing → second upsetting → second long square blank drawing → third long square blank drawing → special upper anvil is used for semi-forging → heat treatment → finishing each part to the finished product size, the special upper anvil is an upper flat slope anvil, and the angle of the bottom edge of the upper flat slope anvil from the horizontal plane is not more than the wedge angle of the wedge plate forging. The invention adopts the breakthrough of the forging process of two-heading and two-drawing forging and forming, which changes the tradition of circle walking and no square walking into square walking forging, uses a special flat anvil to carry out the final fire finishing, and uses a special tool to match with the forging and forming, so that the one-time qualification rate of the wedge-shaped plate forging reaches more than 95 percent, the metal fiber streamline is better, the operation is simple, and the process weight of the forging blank is reduced. The wedge-shaped plate forging processing method is used for processing wedge-shaped plate forgings.)

1. The machining method of the wedge-shaped plate forging is characterized by comprising the following steps: the processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the following process flows of steel ingot heating → pressing jaw → chamfering → ingot bottom removing → first upsetting → first drawing long square blank → second upsetting → second drawing long square blank → third drawing long square blank → performing semi-forging with a special upper anvil → heat treatment → finishing each part to the finished product size, wherein the special upper anvil is an upper flat slope anvil, and the angle of the bottom edge of the upper flat slope anvil from the horizontal plane is not more than the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped plate forging.

2. The method for machining the wedge plate forging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for processing the wedge-shaped plate forging adopts a 30MN hydraulic press for forging, and the weight of a steel ingot is 9.3 tons.

3. The method for processing a wedge plate forging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the method for processing the wedge-shaped plate forging, the steel ingot is heated by putting the steel ingot into a gas heating furnace at 1180-1200 ℃ for 9-15 hours, and then the steel ingot is subjected to jaw pressing, chamfering and ingot bottom removing.

4. The method for processing a wedge plate forging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method for processing the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot with the ingot bottom removed to a furnace for heating, then carrying out primary upsetting, keeping the temperature at 1180-1200 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and carrying out upsetting by using an upsetting platform until the diameter is 1150-1330 mm and the upsetting ratio is 1.5-2.0.

5. The method for processing a wedge plate forging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method for processing the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot subjected to the first upsetting to a furnace for heating, then drawing out the rectangular blank for the first time, wherein the temperature of the returned furnace is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4.5-6 hours, the square blank for the first drawing adopts an upper flat anvil and a lower flat anvil, the steel ingot subjected to the upsetting is drawn out by 800 x 900mm, and the single reduction is 120-150 mm.

6. The method for processing a wedge plate forging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method for processing the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot, which is drawn out of the rectangular blank for the first time, to a furnace for heating, and then carrying out secondary upsetting, wherein the temperature of the steel ingot returned to the furnace is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours, the secondary upsetting is square upsetting, the upsetting is carried out until the square is 944 x 1060 mm-1130 x 1270mm, and the upsetting ratio is 1.4-2.0.

7. The method for processing a wedge plate forging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging, the steel ingot subjected to secondary upsetting is returned to the furnace and heated, then the rectangular blank is drawn out for the second time, the temperature of the returned furnace is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-4 hours, the rectangular blank drawn out for the second time adopts an upper flat anvil and a lower flat anvil, the steel ingot subjected to upsetting is drawn out to obtain the rectangular blank 575 x 1080mm, and the single reduction is 120-150 mm.

8. The method for processing a wedge plate forging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method for processing the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot obtained by drawing the rectangular blank for the second time to the furnace for heating, then drawing the rectangular blank for the third time, wherein the temperature of the returned furnace is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours, the square blank for drawing the third time adopts an upper flat anvil and a lower flat anvil, the steel ingot after upsetting is drawn into the rectangular blank 445 x 865mm, and the single reduction is 120-130 mm.

9. The method for processing a wedge plate forging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method for processing the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot, drawn out of the rectangular blank for the third time, to a furnace for heating, then carrying out half die forging by using a special upper anvil, wherein the temperature for heating in the furnace is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours, the step of carrying out half die forging by using the special upper anvil is that forging is carried out from the tail of the ingot, the manipulator carries out turnover forging at 90 degrees in the forging process, the single reduction is 120-150 mm, and the slope length of the wedge-shaped plate forging is fed as far as possible.

10. The method for processing a wedge plate forging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the heat treatment of the wedge-shaped plate forging in the machining method is that the forged blank forging is air-cooled to 400-500 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace for normalizing, the normalizing temperature is 1040-1060 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 7-8 hours.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of steel forging and forming; in particular to a method for processing a wedge-shaped plate forging.

Background

Free forging is a process of obtaining a forged part by plastically deforming a metal blank on an anvil or between upper and lower anvil blocks of a forging press using impact force or pressure. Compared with the casting product, the free forging not only can eliminate the defects of shrinkage cavity, looseness, air holes and the like which are possibly brought by the casting product, but also can refine crystal grains and improve the mechanical property of the product. The free forging is to control the shape and size of the forged piece by manual operation, so the precision of the forged piece is low, the machining allowance is large, the labor intensity is high, and the production rate is not high, therefore, the free forging is mainly applied to single-piece and small-batch production.

The wedge-shaped plate is also called a longitudinal variable cross-section plate and is mainly applied to the fields of mechanical manufacturing, buildings and the like. At present, the technical scheme for producing the wedge-shaped plate forged piece in China is to adopt steel ingots → heating, forging → normalizing and annealing, but has the problems of large forging allowance and serious waste of raw materials due to long time for subsequent machining, and also has the problems of high requirement on a press due to large weight of the steel ingots produced by multiple scales, poor internal quality caused by less deformation of the core during deformation, easy damage to a jaw hydraulic system and high damage to equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a wedge-shaped plate forging processing method which reduces the forging allowance of a wedge-shaped plate, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost and improving the forging qualified rate.

The inventor realizes the following technical scheme:

the processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the process flows of steel ingot heating → pressing jaw → chamfering → ingot bottom removing → first upsetting → first drawing of a rectangular blank → second upsetting → second drawing of a rectangular blank → third drawing of a rectangular blank → carrying out half die forging → heat treatment by using a special upper anvil → finishing each part to the finished product size, wherein the special upper anvil is an upper flat slope anvil, and the angle of the bottom side of the upper flat slope anvil from the horizontal plane is not more than the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped plate forging.

According to the processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging, a 30MN hydraulic press is adopted for forging, and the weight of a steel ingot is 9.3 tons.

According to the method for processing the wedge-shaped plate forging, the steel ingot is heated in a gas heating furnace at 1180-1200 ℃ for 9-15 hours, and then the steel ingot is subjected to jaw pressing, chamfering and ingot bottom removing.

The processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot with the ingot bottom removed to a furnace for heating, then carrying out primary upsetting, keeping the temperature for 3-5 hours at 1180-1200 ℃ after returning to the furnace, and carrying out upsetting by using an upsetting platform until the diameter is 1150-1330 mm and the upsetting ratio is 1.5-2.0. The steel ingot deforms through upsetting, and positive and negative segregation existing in the steel ingot can be effectively destroyed and the core deformation of the steel ingot is increased through increasing the upsetting ratio.

The processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot subjected to the first upsetting to a furnace for heating, drawing out a rectangular blank for the first time, heating the steel ingot at 1180-1200 ℃ in the furnace, keeping the temperature for 4.5-6 hours, drawing out the rectangular blank for the first time by using an upper flat anvil and a lower flat anvil, drawing out the rectangular blank for the steel ingot subjected to the upsetting by 800 x 900mm, and pressing down the steel ingot for 120-150 mm at a single time. The first drawing of the rectangular blank is prepared for the next hot upsetting and simultaneously for the subsequent squaring.

The processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot of the first drawn rectangular blank to the furnace for heating, then carrying out secondary upsetting, wherein the temperature of the steel ingot is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours, the secondary upsetting is square upsetting, the upsetting is carried out until the square is 944-1060 mm-1130-1270 mm, and the upsetting ratio is 1.4-2.0.

The processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot subjected to secondary upsetting to the furnace for heating, then drawing out a square blank for the second time, wherein the temperature of the returned square blank is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-4 hours, the square blank drawn out for the second time adopts an upper flat anvil and a lower flat anvil, the steel ingot subjected to upsetting is drawn out by 575 x 1080mm, and the single reduction is 120-150 mm. And in the process of drawing the rectangular blank for the second time, internal air holes are welded through large pressing deformation, and carbides are loosened and broken, so that the core material loss is increased, and the internal quality of the product is improved.

The processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot of the second drawing of the rectangular blank to the furnace for heating, then drawing the rectangular blank for the third time, wherein the temperature of the returned furnace is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours, the square blank for the third drawing adopts an upper flat anvil and a lower flat anvil, the steel ingot after upsetting is drawn with the rectangular blank 445 x 865mm, and the single reduction is 120-130 mm. Because the subsequent forging deformation is insufficient and the crystal grains cannot be crushed, the heat preservation time is reduced when the furnace is returned for heating, and coarse grains are prevented; and in the process of drawing the rectangular blank for the third time, internal air holes are welded, loose and broken carbides are welded through large pressing deformation, core material loss is increased, and the internal quality of the product is improved.

The processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging comprises the steps of returning the steel ingot, drawn out of the rectangular blank for the third time, to the furnace for heating, then performing half die forging by using a special upper anvil, wherein the temperature of the furnace returning for heating is 1180-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours, the step of performing the half die forging by using the special upper anvil is that the forging is started from the tail of the ingot, the manipulator is operated at 90 degrees for performing the turnover forging in the forging process, the single reduction is 120-150 mm, and the slope length of the wedge-shaped plate forging is fed as far as possible. Because the subsequent forging deformation is insufficient and the crystal grains cannot be crushed, the heat preservation time is reduced when the furnace is returned for heating, and coarse grains are prevented; the precision of the width machining size of the wedge-shaped plate forging piece can be guaranteed by performing 90-degree overturning forging.

The wedge-shaped plate forging processing method comprises the steps of carrying out air cooling on a forged blank forging to 400-500 ℃, loading the blank forging into a heat treatment furnace for normalizing, wherein the normalizing temperature is 1040-1060 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 7-8 hours. The heat treatment can further refine crystal grains, remove hydrogen and stress, reduce forging stress, reduce the hardness of the forged piece and facilitate subsequent processing.

According to the processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging, a finished product is forged only by paying attention to the pressing amount of a press hand during forging; the forger can observe the straightness, size and shape of the forged piece and watch the straightness and length of the finished product; the manipulator notices the rotation of the material; the crown block worker pays attention to each relieving matching and returning to the furnace, operation difficulty is reduced, production efficiency is improved, and batch production is realized.

Compared with the prior art, the processing method of the wedge-shaped plate forging has the advantages that the raw material amount is saved by at least 3 tons, the core quality is improved, the process weight of the forging blank is reduced, the forging allowance of the wedge-shaped plate is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

According to the processing method for the wedge-shaped plate forging, the wedge-shaped plate forging is integrally forged, the metal fiber structure streamline is better, the precision size is improved, and the one-time qualified rate of angles reaches more than 95%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wedge plate forging according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a special upper anvil of the wedge plate forging processing method according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a left side view of a special upper anvil of the wedge plate forging processing method according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a forging blank of comparative example 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a forging blank of comparative example 2.

Detailed Description