Carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel
阅读说明:本技术 一种低碳中合金、高合金渗碳钢渗碳淬火方法 (Carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel ) 是由 刘根 王文昭 刘志琦 于 2020-06-16 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明属于合金渗碳钢加工生产技术领域,具体的说是一种低碳中合金、高合金渗碳钢渗碳淬火方法,通过该方法中所使用的淬火炉,包括壳体、淬火罐和螺旋加热线圈;所述壳体的上表面开设有安装槽;所述安装槽的槽底固连有淬火罐;所述淬火罐的上表面开设有盛放槽;所述壳体的左侧侧面位置固连有固定板;所述固定板的右侧侧面于淬火罐的正上方位置固连有螺旋加热线圈;通过本发明有效的实现了小工件产品的快速均匀加热,同时可以实现多个小工件同步进行淬火,淬火效率较高,避免对工件的表面加热强而在内部很弱,到心部接近于零的问题,通过联动的转动盘可以对淬火介质进行搅动,减少淬火介质的局部快速升温现象。(The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy carburizing steel processing production, in particular to a carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel, wherein a quenching furnace used in the method comprises a shell, a quenching tank and a spiral heating coil; the upper surface of the shell is provided with a mounting groove; the bottom of the mounting groove is fixedly connected with a quenching tank; the upper surface of the quenching tank is provided with a containing groove; a fixed plate is fixedly connected to the left side face of the shell; a spiral heating coil is fixedly connected to the right side surface of the fixed plate at a position right above the quenching tank; the invention effectively realizes the rapid and uniform heating of small workpiece products, simultaneously can realize the synchronous quenching of a plurality of small workpieces, has higher quenching efficiency, avoids the problems that the surfaces of the workpieces are heated strongly and the inner parts are weak and the center part is close to zero, can stir the quenching medium through the linked rotating disc, and reduces the local rapid temperature rise phenomenon of the quenching medium.)
1. A carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, a low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel (32) workpiece is arranged on a heating plate (31) of a quenching furnace, the workpiece is quickly heated to 600 +/-50 ℃ in a short time, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 hours;
s2: after S1 treatment, raising the furnace temperature to a critical point Ac3+ (30-80) DEG C, and then preserving the temperature for T minutes, wherein T is KD, K is 0.8-1.2 min/mm, and D is the effective thickness of the workpiece;
s3: after S1 treatment, the workpiece is immersed into the quenching medium of a quenching furnace, the quenching medium is 5-15 wt% NaCl aqueous solution or 2-25 wt% PAG quenching liquid, and the quenching medium is stirred by a rotating disc (22);
s4: simultaneously, a quenching medium is continuously sprayed above the workpiece through a spray head (11), so that the workpiece is quickly cooled to 50-250 ℃ in a short time and then taken out, and the finished alloy carburizing steel (32) after quenching is obtained;
the quenching furnace used in the S1 comprises a shell (1), a quenching tank (2) and a spiral heating coil (3); the shell (1) is designed to be of a cuboid structure; the upper surface of the shell (1) is provided with a mounting groove; the bottom of the mounting groove is fixedly connected with a quenching tank (2); a circle of uniformly arranged spray heads (11) are fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the quenching tank (2) close to the upper surface of the quenching tank (2); the upper surface of the quenching tank (2) is provided with a containing groove; a fixing plate (12) is fixedly connected to the left side face of the shell (1); a spiral heating coil (3) is fixedly connected to the right side surface of the fixed plate (12) at a position right above the quenching tank (2); the lower surface of the shell (1) is fixedly connected with supporting legs (13) at four vertex angles of the lower surface; the lower surface of the shell (1) is fixedly connected with a motor (21) at the axial position of the quenching tank (2); the lower surfaces of the quenching tank (2) and the shell (1) are provided with the same rotating hole together at the position of the motor (21); a rotating disc (22) is rotatably connected inside the rotating hole, and the lower surface of the rotating disc (22) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor (21); the upper surface of the rotating disc (22) is fixedly connected with a fixed block (23); a cavity is formed in the fixed block (23); a telescopic cylinder (24) is fixedly connected inside the cavity, and a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder (24) penetrates through the fixed block (23) and extends to the position above the fixed block (23); a sealing buckle tank (25) is sleeved above the fixed block (23), and the sealing buckle tank (25) is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder (24); the upper surface of the sealing buckling tank (25) is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft (26); the upper surface of the connecting shaft (26) is fixedly connected with a heating plate (31); a circle of fixing grooves which are uniformly distributed are formed in the position, close to the outer arc surface of the heating plate (31), of the upper surface of the heating plate (31); and alloy carburizing steel (32) is fixedly connected inside each fixing groove.
2. The carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: limiting grooves are formed in the positions, corresponding to the fixing grooves, of the heating plate (31), and the limiting grooves are located on the side face of one side, corresponding to the fixing grooves, of the same rotating direction; the equal sliding connection in inside of spacing groove has stopper (33), and stopper (33) are high temperature resistant conducting material design.
3. The carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel according to claim 2, characterized in that: guide grooves are formed in the limiting groove in the heating plate (31), and the guide grooves are located between the limiting groove and the axis of the heating plate (31); the insides of the guide grooves are provided with ejector blocks (34); and the lateral surfaces of one side of the top block (34) and one side of the guide groove close to the axis of the heating plate (31) are fixedly connected with springs (35).
4. The carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel according to claim 3, characterized in that: the upper surface of hot plate (31) is close to the axis position of hot plate (31) and is seted up limit vortex hole (36) of evenly arranging, and limit vortex hole (36) are all link up from top to bottom.
5. The carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel according to claim 3, characterized in that: the heating plate (31) is designed to be made of high-quality mica plates (37) at the position of the annular belt where the guide groove is located, and the mica plates (37) are prepared by bonding mica paper and organic silicon glue, heating and pressing.
6. The carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: guide holes (38) which are communicated up and down are formed in the surface of the mica plate (37) at the positions of the guide grooves, and the guide holes (38) are located at the positions close to the axis of the heating plate (31).
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy carburizing steel processing production, and particularly relates to a carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel.
Background
The quenching of steel is a heat treatment process of heating the steel to a temperature above a critical temperature Ac3 hypoeutectoid steel or Ac1 hypereutectoid steel, preserving heat for a period of time to make the steel totally or partially austenitized, and then rapidly cooling the steel to below Ms or near Ms at a cooling speed higher than the critical cooling speed to isothermally transform martensite or bainite, and the heat treatment process of solution treatment of materials such as aluminum alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, tempered glass and the like or with a rapid cooling process is generally called quenching.
According to CN104109738B a quenching method of medium carbon high hardenability alloy quenched and tempered steel, the high frequency quenching equipment of the prior art heats a workpiece through an upper spiral heating coil, then puts the heated workpiece into a quenching medium at the bottom, so as to realize quenching of the workpiece, and we know that an alternating current is led into the spiral heating coil, and an alternating magnetic field generated by the alternating current generates an induced current with the same frequency in the workpiece, wherein the induced current is non-uniform in distribution of the workpiece, strong on the surface of the workpiece and weak in the workpiece, and close to zero at the center.
In view of the above, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present inventors have designed and developed a carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel, and have adopted a special quenching furnace to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art and solve the problem that the high-frequency quenching equipment of the prior art heats the workpiece through the upper spiral heating coil, then the heated workpiece is placed into the quenching medium at the bottom to quench the workpiece, and it is known that by introducing an alternating current into the interior of a helical heating coil, the alternating magnetic field generated by the alternating current generates induced current with the same frequency in the workpiece, the induced current is distributed unevenly on the workpiece, the induced current is strong on the surface of the workpiece and weak in the workpiece, and is close to zero when reaching the center, for most of the workpieces needing quenching, the workpieces need to be integrally and uniformly heated, the quenching effect of the workpieces is prevented from being uneven, and for small workpieces, the invention provides a carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing and quenching, which only needs to carry out single quenching at each time and has lower quenching efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a carburizing and quenching method for low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel, which comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, putting a low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel workpiece on a heating plate of a quenching furnace, quickly heating the workpiece to 700 +/-50 ℃ in a short time, and preserving heat for 1-2 min; the carburized steel workpiece is arranged in the quenching furnace, and the high-frequency quenching equipment in the quenching furnace can quickly heat the carburized steel workpiece;
s2: after S1 treatment, raising the furnace temperature to a critical point Ac3+ 30-80 ℃, and then preserving the temperature for T minutes, wherein T is KD, K is 0.8-1.2 min/mm, and D is the effective thickness of the workpiece; correspondingly heating the workpieces under different conditions according to the effective thickness condition of the workpieces so as to realize more effective quenching effect of the workpieces;
s3: after S1 treatment, the workpiece is immersed into a quenching medium of a quenching furnace, the quenching medium is 5-15 wt% of NaCl aqueous solution or 2-25 wt% of PAG quenching liquid, and the quenching medium is stirred by a rotating disc; the rotating disc arranged at the bottom of the quenching furnace can stir the quenching medium in the quenching furnace through the rotation of the rotating disc, so that the local temperature rise of the quenching medium near the carburizing steel workpiece is avoided, the temperature uniformity of the quenching medium is higher, and the quenching effect is better;
s4: simultaneously, continuously spraying a quenching medium above the workpiece through a spray head, rapidly cooling the workpiece to 50-250 ℃ in a short time, and taking out to obtain the quenched finished alloy carburizing steel; the quenching medium is continuously sprayed to the position near the workpiece through the spray head, so that the cooling speed of the workpiece is increased, and the quenching effect is improved;
the quenching furnace used in the S1 comprises a shell, a quenching tank and a spiral heating coil; the shell is designed into a cuboid structure; the upper surface of the shell is provided with a mounting groove; the bottom of the mounting groove is fixedly connected with a quenching tank; a circle of uniformly arranged spray heads is fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the quenching tank at a position close to the upper surface of the quenching tank; the upper surface of the quenching tank is provided with a containing groove; a fixed plate is fixedly connected to the left side face of the shell; a spiral heating coil is fixedly connected to the right side surface of the fixed plate at a position right above the quenching tank; the lower surface of the shell is fixedly connected with supporting legs at four vertex angles of the lower surface of the shell; the lower surface of the shell is fixedly connected with a motor at the axial position of the quenching tank; the lower surfaces of the quenching tank and the shell are provided with the same rotating hole at the position of the motor; a rotating disc is rotatably connected inside the rotating hole, and the lower surface of the rotating disc is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor; the upper surface of the rotating disc is fixedly connected with a fixed block; a cavity is formed inside the fixed block; a telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected inside the cavity, and a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder penetrates through the fixed block and extends to the position above the fixed block; a sealing buckle tank is sleeved above the fixed block and is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder; the upper surface of the sealing buckling tank is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft; the upper surface of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a heating plate; a circle of fixing grooves which are uniformly distributed are formed in the position, close to the outer arc surface of the heating plate, of the upper surface of the heating plate; alloy carburizing steel is fixedly connected inside the fixing grooves; when the high-frequency quenching device works, when a workpiece is subjected to high-frequency quenching, the high-frequency quenching device is used, in the high-frequency quenching device in the prior art, the workpiece is heated through the spiral heating coil arranged above the high-frequency quenching device, then the heated workpiece is placed into the quenching medium arranged at the bottom, so that the quenching of the workpiece is realized, the induction current with the same frequency is generated in the workpiece through the alternating magnetic field generated by the alternating current by introducing the alternating current into the spiral heating coil, the distribution of the induction current in the workpiece is uneven, the surface of the workpiece is strong, the inside of the workpiece is weak, the induction current is close to zero to the center, for most of the workpieces needing quenching, the workpiece needs to be integrally and uniformly heated, the problems that the quenching effect of the workpiece is uneven, and for small workpieces, only a single quenching efficiency is low each time are solved, and the low-frequency quenching device is prepared, A carburizing and quenching method for high-alloy carburizing steel includes setting workpiece in fixing slot of heating plate of quenching furnace, shrinking piston rod of telescopic cylinder downwards to drive heating plate and workpiece on heating plate surface to move to spiral heating coil position, starting motor to drive rotary disc to rotate, driving fixing block to rotate by rotary disc, driving sealing fastening tank to rotate by fixing block, driving connecting shaft to rotate by sealing fastening tank, forming complete eddy current channel by heating plate and workpiece in heating plate fixing slot, setting workpiece at position near outer edge of heating plate to generate high induced current intensity, raising heating efficiency of workpiece and keeping each position of workpiece away from axial position of heating plate to avoid local heating shortage of workpiece, after the workpiece is heated, namely the heating plate where the workpiece is located is integrally guided into the quenching medium through the expansion of the expansion cylinder, so that the workpiece is rapidly cooled, and the quenching medium is effectively stirred in cooperation with the rotation of the rotating disc.
Preferably, the heating plate is provided with limiting grooves at the positions of the fixing grooves, and the limiting grooves are positioned at the side surface positions corresponding to one side of the fixing grooves in the same rotating direction; the limiting blocks are connected inside the limiting grooves in a sliding mode and are made of high-temperature-resistant conductive materials; during operation, through setting up the stopper, when the hot plate is rotating, the stopper on hot plate surface can slide in the inside of spacing groove because the effect of centrifugal force, and then makes laminating each other between work piece and the stopper, thereby avoids work piece variation in size or work piece product size deviation great to lead to can't laminating completely between work piece and the hot plate, and then influences switching on of electric current.
Preferably, guide grooves are formed in the position of the limiting groove in the heating plate, and the guide grooves are located between the limiting groove and the axis of the heating plate; the inner parts of the guide grooves are provided with ejector blocks; springs are fixedly connected to the side faces of the top block and the side faces of the guide groove, which are close to the axis of the heating plate; the during operation, be corresponding the removal of spacing inslot when the stopper, the stopper is fixed the back to the work piece, the unable effectual contact in round tangent line position surface of stopper place hot plate, this also can exert an influence to the response vortex, in order to solve this problem, through setting up the kicking block, after the hot plate rotates, the inside of spacing groove can be drawn into through the guide slot to the kicking block of hot plate inside because the effect of centrifugal force, the realization is connected the complete contact of spacing inslot stopper and hot plate side, accomplish the quenching back of work piece, can be through setting up the spring, the inside of guide slot is drawn back to the kicking block automatically.
Preferably, vortex limiting holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the upper surface of the heating plate, close to the axis of the heating plate, and the vortex limiting holes are communicated up and down; during operation, through being close to its axis position at the hot plate and seting up the limit vortex hole of evenly arranging, can cut apart the hot plate through limit nest hole, avoid the hot plate to be close to its axis position and form complete annular channel, avoid the hot plate to be close to its axis position vortex heat production phenomenon, reduce the loss problem of a large amount of energy, also avoid the damage of temperature variation repeatedly to the hot plate structure simultaneously.
Preferably, the heating plate is designed to be made of high-quality mica plate materials at the position of the annular belt where the guide groove is located, and the mica plate is prepared by bonding mica paper and organic silicon glue, heating and pressing; during operation, through the design that the heating plate is made of high-quality mica plate materials at the position of the annular belt where the guide groove is located, the problem that heat is dissipated outwards quickly after a workpiece is heated can be solved through the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating property of the mica plate, the phenomenon that the spring loses elasticity due to the fact that the temperature of the position of the guide groove where the spring is located is too high is avoided, and the mica plate is made of non-conductive materials, the phenomenon that the position of the mica plate generates induction eddy current can be completely avoided, and energy.
Preferably, guide holes which are communicated up and down are formed in the surface of the mica plate at the positions of the guide grooves, and the guide holes are positioned at the positions close to the axis of the heating plate; during operation, through seting up the guide hole in the guide slot position at the mica plate, when carrying out rapid cooling to the work piece through quenching medium, quenching medium can enter into the inside of guide slot through the guide hole, realizes the quick effective cooling to the inside spring of guide slot, enters into the inside of guide slot through quenching medium, and during the work piece heating, the quenching medium who remains in the guide slot inside volatilizees and also can take away a large amount of heats, further reduces the influence of high temperature to spring elastic property.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the carburizing and quenching method for the low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel, the quenching furnace used in the method is provided with the shell, the quenching tank and the spiral heating coil, so that the small workpiece products are effectively and uniformly heated, a plurality of small workpieces can be synchronously quenched, the quenching efficiency is high, the problems that the surfaces of the workpieces are heated strongly and are weak in the interior and the center part is close to zero are solved, the quenching medium can be stirred through the linked rotating disc, and the local rapid heating phenomenon of the quenching medium is reduced.
2. According to the carburizing and quenching method for the low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel, the quenching furnace used in the method is provided with the limiting block, the top block and the spring, after the heating plate rotates, the top block in the heating plate can be scratched into the limiting groove through the guide groove under the action of centrifugal force, so that the limiting block in the limiting groove is in complete contact connection with the side surface of the heating plate, and after the quenching of a workpiece is completed, the top block can be automatically pulled back into the guide groove through the arrangement of the spring.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an external view of a quenching furnace used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a quenching furnace used in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a part in which a heating pan of a quenching furnace used in the present invention is provided;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a part in which a heating pan of a quenching furnace used in the invention is provided;
in the figure: the device comprises a shell 1, a spray head 11, a
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the carburizing and quenching method for the low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing steel comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, a low-carbon medium-alloy and high-alloy carburizing
s2: after S1 treatment, raising the furnace temperature to a critical point Ac3+ 30-80 ℃, and then preserving the temperature for T minutes, wherein T is KD, K is 0.8-1.2 min/mm, and D is the effective thickness of the workpiece; correspondingly heating the workpieces under different conditions according to the effective thickness condition of the workpieces so as to realize more effective quenching effect of the workpieces;
s3: after S1 treatment, the workpiece is immersed into the quenching medium of the quenching furnace, the quenching medium is 5-15 wt% NaCl water solution or 2-25 wt% PAG quenching liquid, and the quenching medium is stirred by the rotating disc 22; the rotating disc 22 arranged at the bottom of the quenching furnace can stir the quenching medium in the quenching furnace through the rotation of the rotating disc 22, so that the local temperature rise of the quenching medium near the carburizing steel workpiece is avoided, the temperature uniformity of the quenching medium is higher, and the quenching effect is better;
s4: simultaneously, continuously spraying a quenching medium above the workpiece through a spray head 11, rapidly cooling the workpiece to 50-250 ℃ in a short time, and taking out to obtain a quenched finished
the quenching furnace used in the S1 comprises a shell 1, a
As an embodiment of the present invention, the
As an embodiment of the present invention, the inside of the
As an embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the
As an embodiment of the present invention, the position of the annular belt of the
As an embodiment of the present invention, the
The specific working process is as follows:
when the device works, a workpiece is firstly placed in a fixing groove of a
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
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