阅读说明：本技术 一种基于弹性元件实现大范围温度应力调节的陶瓷轴承及其设计方法 (Ceramic bearing for realizing large-range temperature stress adjustment based on elastic element and design method thereof ) 是由 吴成伟 马建立 张伟 韩啸 马国军 吕永涛 李东炬 于 2020-05-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种基于弹性元件实现大范围温度应力调节的陶瓷轴承及其设计方法,属于机械设计与制造技术领域。陶瓷轴承的轴套结构为三层结构,从外到内依次为环形金属支撑元件、环形弹性元件、环形陶瓷元件,环形金属支撑元件和环形陶瓷元件之间的缝隙内充填润滑剂。当工作温度降低时弹性元件被压缩,通过调节弹性元件的k值控制陶瓷元件的受力状态,保证陶瓷材料不被压碎。当轴承工作温度上升时弹性元件释放弹性势能,保证轴承的可允许偏移量或抗振动要求。本发明轴承的轴套结构温度应力几乎完全依靠弹性元件进行调节,对于轴承加工制造精度要求较低,可实现大范围温度变化的极限工况下的应用要求,并且能够提高轴承抗振性能,从而大幅度提高轴承寿命,提高可靠性。(A ceramic bearing for realizing large-range temperature stress adjustment based on an elastic element and a design method thereof belong to the technical field of mechanical design and manufacture. The shaft sleeve structure of the ceramic bearing is a three-layer structure and sequentially comprises an annular metal supporting element, an annular elastic element and an annular ceramic element from outside to inside, and a lubricant is filled in a gap between the annular metal supporting element and the annular ceramic element. When the working temperature is reduced, the elastic element is compressed, and the stress state of the ceramic element is controlled by adjusting the k value of the elastic element, so that the ceramic material is prevented from being crushed. When the working temperature of the bearing rises, the elastic element releases elastic potential energy, and the allowable offset or anti-vibration requirement of the bearing is ensured. The temperature stress of the shaft sleeve structure of the bearing is almost completely adjusted by the elastic element, the requirement on the processing and manufacturing precision of the bearing is low, the application requirement under the limit working condition of large-range temperature change can be realized, and the vibration resistance of the bearing can be improved, so that the service life of the bearing is greatly prolonged, and the reliability is improved.)

1. A ceramic bearing for realizing large-range temperature stress adjustment based on an elastic element is characterized in that a shaft sleeve structure of the ceramic bearing is a three-layer structure, the outmost layer is an annular metal supporting element, the middle layer is an annular elastic element, and the innermost layer is an annular ceramic element;

the annular elastic element comprises the following structural forms:

(1) the annular elastic element is composed of elastic metal corrugated sheets, the corrugation trend is transverse or longitudinal, the elastic metal corrugated sheets are of an integral annular structure or a multi-body annular splicing structure, and the elastic metal corrugated sheets are of a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure;

(2) the annular elastic element is made of an elastic block material, the elastic block material is a porous material or a framework structure, and the elastic block material is of an integrated annular structure or a multi-body annular splicing structure;

the ceramic bearing adopts the following two fixing forms to ensure that the annular metal supporting element, the annular elastic element and the annular ceramic element do not slide relatively;

(1) adopt bolt gag lever post fixed mode:

the material of the bolt limiting rod is the same as that of the annular metal supporting element, and the bolt limiting rod comprises two parts, wherein one part is provided with threads, the surface of the other part is smooth, and the diameter of the smooth part of the surface is smaller than that of the threaded part;

the middle position of the annular metal supporting element is provided with a plurality of through holes with threads, the through holes are arranged in an axial symmetry manner, the bolt limiting rod is screwed into the through holes of the annular metal supporting element, and the length of the threaded part of the bolt limiting rod is consistent with that of the through holes of the annular metal supporting element;

the middle position of the annular elastic element is provided with a plurality of smooth through holes which are arranged in an axial symmetry manner and correspond to the threaded through holes of the annular metal supporting element one by one, the diameter of each smooth through hole is larger than that of the smooth part of the bolt limiting rod, and the gap is 0.01-1 mm, so that the smooth part of the spiral limiting rod passes through the through holes in the annular elastic element;

the middle position of the ceramic element 3 is provided with a plurality of circular grooves which are arranged in an axial symmetry manner and correspond to the positions of the threaded through holes of the annular metal supporting element one by one, the inner diameter of each circular groove is larger than the diameter of the smooth part of the bolt limiting rod, the gap is 0.01-1 mm, the smooth part of the spiral limiting rod penetrates through the through hole of the annular elastic element and then is inserted into the circular groove of the annular ceramic element, so that the annular metal supporting element, the elastic element and the annular ceramic element are prevented from sliding relatively, and the damage of the thermal expansion of the bolt to the structure is avoided when the temperature rises;

(2) the mutual nesting mode is adopted:

the top end of the annular metal supporting element is provided with a plurality of grooves which are axially symmetrically arranged and point to the center of the annular metal supporting element; the top end of the annular elastic element is provided with a plurality of openings which are arranged in an axial symmetry manner and are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the grooves of the annular metal supporting element; the top end of the annular ceramic element is provided with a plurality of convex blocks which are arranged in an axial symmetry manner, and the convex blocks point outwards and correspond to the positions of the grooves of the annular metal supporting element one by one;

the sizes of the groove of the annular metal supporting element and the opening of the annular elastic element are both larger than the size of the lug of the annular ceramic element, the gap is 0.01-1 mm, and the annular metal supporting element and the annular elastic element are prevented from contracting to damage the structure at the position when the temperature is reduced; the annular elastic element is arranged in the annular metal supporting element, the opening of the annular elastic element corresponds to the groove of the annular metal supporting element, the annular ceramic element is arranged in the annular elastic element, and the lug of the annular ceramic element is mutually nested with the opening of the annular elastic element and the groove of the annular metal supporting element to play a limiting role and ensure that the annular metal supporting element, the elastic element and the annular ceramic element do not slide relatively.

2. The ceramic bearing for achieving a wide range of temperature stress adjustment based on the elastic element according to claim 1, wherein the gap portion of the annular elastic element may be filled with a lubricant.

3. A method for designing a ceramic bearing for achieving a wide range of temperature stress adjustment based on an elastic element according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:

first, determining k of annular elastic element_LValue of

When the temperature of the bearing changes, the annular metal supporting element has different thermal expansion and cold contraction degrees from the annular ceramic element, so that the annular elastic element in the middle layer can be compressed to different degrees, the rigidity k value of the annular elastic element is changed, and the stress state of the bearing is further changed;

1) the method comprises the following steps of initially and randomly setting structural parameters of a set of annular elastic elements, wherein the structural parameters comprise:

when the annular elastic element is formed by elastic metal corrugated sheets, the structural parameters comprise the elastic modulus, the thermal expansion coefficient, the single sheet thickness, the periodicity, the amplitude, the number of the divided sheets and the number of the laminated sheets of the elastic metal corrugated sheets;

when the annular elastic element is made of an elastic block material, the structural parameters comprise the elastic modulus, the thermal expansion coefficient, the thickness and the porosity of the porous material; modulus of elasticity, coefficient of thermal expansion, thickness, porosity, cell configuration, cell size of the framework material;

2) obtaining k of the annular elastic element by a numerical simulation or analytic calculation method according to the set structural parameters of the annular elastic element_L0A value;

3) according to k of the resulting annular elastic member_L0Value and minimum operating temperature T of bearing condition_LObtaining the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element by a numerical simulation or analytic calculation method;

4) taking the maximum stress in the annular ceramic element equal to 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element as a criterion, wherein n is 1.1-20: if the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element obtained is less than 1/n of the material yield strength of the annular ceramic element, the new k value is made larger than the initially obtained k by changing the structural parameters of the annular elastic element in 1)_L0Value, continue the trial until meeting the criterion condition; if the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element obtained is greater than 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element, the new k value is made smaller than the initially obtained k by changing the structural parameters of the annular elastic element in 1)_L0Value, continue the trial until meeting the criterion condition; if the obtained maximum stress in the annular ceramic element is equal to 1/n of the material yield strength of the annular ceramic element, the criterion condition is met, and the probing is stopped; finally, theThe obtained k value is k of the annular elastic element_LA value;

second, k of the annular elastic element is determined_HValue of

1) K of the annular elastic element obtained according to the first step_LValue and maximum operating temperature T of bearing condition_HObtaining the contact stress of the annular elastic element by a numerical simulation or analytic calculation method;

2) taking the allowable offset or anti-vibration requirement of the bearing as a criterion: if the support force provided by the contact stress of the annular elastic element meets the criterion of the allowable offset or the anti-vibration requirement of the bearing, the structural parameter of the annular elastic element can be continuously adjusted to reduce the k value until the k value is reduced to the point that the criterion of the allowable offset or the anti-vibration requirement of the bearing is not met, and the corresponding critical value is the k value of the annular elastic element_HA value;

thirdly, get k_H＜k＜k_LNamely the k value of the annular elastic element meeting the technical specification requirement;

fourthly, according to the k value range obtained in the third step, selecting the structural parameters of the annular elastic element corresponding to the k value in the range to obtain the annular elastic element meeting the requirements;

and fifthly, finishing final assembly, specifically as follows:

the mode of fixing by adopting a bolt limiting rod is as follows: firstly, cooling the annular ceramic element, heating the annular elastic element, and sleeving the annular elastic element on the annular ceramic element by utilizing a gap generated by temperature difference to ensure that a through hole of the annular elastic element is aligned with the center of a groove of the annular ceramic element; secondly, simultaneously cooling the annular ceramic element and the annular elastic element together, heating the annular metal supporting element to enable the annular metal supporting element to be sleeved on the annular ceramic element and the annular elastic element, and ensuring that the threaded hole of the annular metal supporting element is aligned with the through hole of the annular elastic element and the center of the groove of the annular ceramic element; finally, screwing the bolt limiting rod into the threaded through hole of the annular metal supporting element until the smooth part of the bolt limiting rod is inserted into the circular groove of the annular ceramic element, and finishing final assembly;

the mode of mutual nesting and fixing is adopted: firstly, cooling the annular ceramic element, heating the annular elastic element, and sleeving the annular elastic element on the annular ceramic element from bottom to top by utilizing a gap generated by temperature difference to ensure that an opening of the annular elastic element clamps a bump of the annular ceramic element; and secondly, simultaneously cooling the annular ceramic element and the annular elastic element together, heating the annular metal supporting element to enable the annular metal supporting element to sleeve the annular ceramic element and the annular elastic element from bottom to top, ensuring that a groove of the annular metal supporting element clamps a bump of the annular ceramic element, and finishing final assembly.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical design and manufacturing, and relates to a ceramic bearing for realizing large-range temperature stress adjustment based on an elastic element and a design method thereof.

Background

In nuclear power plants, there are many critical pieces of equipment that operate in high temperature, high pressure and radioactive water environments. For example, the water-lubricated guide bearings of the main pump and each secondary pump of the nuclear power plant cannot be lubricated by conventional lubricating oil, and only can be lubricated by cooling water. The bearings have special design requirements, large temperature transformation range (the highest temperature can reach 280 ℃), long service life, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, low friction coefficient, good dynamic stability and the like. Internationally, stainless steel surface strengthening treatment (such as tungsten carbide spraying and surface overlaying) and other technologies are generally adopted, but the fatigue life of a surface strengthening layer under the action of temperature stress is difficult to guarantee, and a silicon nitride or silicon carbide shaft sleeve directly adopts excellent performances, particularly, the silicon nitride is the most ideal shaft sleeve material because of lower friction coefficient, higher compressive strength and better toughness than the silicon carbide. However, the thermal expansion coefficient of the silicon nitride or silicon carbide material is only about 1/4-1/3 of structural steel, and the silicon nitride, silicon carbide or aluminum oxide ceramic shaft sleeve is easy to separate from the metal support structure or break due to overlarge temperature stress when the pile is stopped at low temperature (for example, the low temperature can reach-40 ℃ in winter in the north) and works at high temperature (for example, 280 ℃). The invention aims to effectively solve the technical problem. Meanwhile, the bearing developed by the invention can be suitable for bearing design in any other fields within a large working temperature range.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to establish a ceramic bearing design and manufacturing method for realizing large-range temperature stress adjustment based on an elastic element. The ceramic material is silicon nitride, silicon carbide or aluminum oxide, etc. The method has the main advantages that the temperature stress of the shaft sleeve structure is almost completely adjusted by the elastic element, the requirement on the machining and manufacturing precision of the bearing is low, the vibration resistance of the bearing is greatly improved, and the service life of the bearing is greatly prolonged.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the utility model provides a ceramic bearing based on elastic element realizes temperature stress adjustment on a large scale, ceramic bearing's axle sleeve structure is three layer construction, and outmost be annular metal support element 1, and the intermediate level is annular elastic element, and the inlayer is annular ceramic element 3. The materials and the sizes of the annular metal supporting element 1 and the annular ceramic element 3 are fixed, and a gap exists between the annular metal supporting element 1 and the annular ceramic element 3, and the gap distance is fixed. The gap portion of the annular elastic member may be filled with a lubricant (e.g., high and low temperature-resistant lubricating oil, grease, etc.).

The annular elastic element comprises the following structural forms:

(1) the annular elastic element is composed of elastic metal corrugated sheets, the corrugation trend can be horizontal or longitudinal, the elastic metal corrugated sheets can be of an integrated annular structure or a multi-body annular splicing structure, and the elastic metal corrugated sheets can be of a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The elastic modulus, the thermal expansion coefficient, the single sheet thickness, the cycle number, the amplitude, the number of segments and the number of layers of the elastic metal corrugated sheet are parameters for adjusting the k value (rigidity) of the elastic element.

(2) The annular elastic element is made of an elastic block material, the elastic block material can be a porous material or a framework structure, and the elastic block material can be an integral annular structure or a multi-body annular splicing structure. The elastic modulus, the thermal expansion coefficient, the thickness and the porosity of the porous material are parameters for adjusting the k value (rigidity) of the elastic element; the modulus of elasticity, the coefficient of thermal expansion, the thickness, the porosity, the cell configuration, and the cell size of the framework material are parameters for adjusting the k value (stiffness) of the elastic member.

The ceramic bearing adopts the following two fixing forms to ensure that the annular metal supporting element 1, the annular elastic element and the annular ceramic element 3 do not slide relatively.

(1) Adopt the fixed mode of bolt gag lever post, guarantee that do not take place relative slip between 3 three of annular metal support element 1, annular elastic element and annular ceramic element, specifically do:

the bolt limiting rod is made of the same material as the annular metal supporting element 1, the bolt limiting rod is divided into two parts, one part is provided with threads, the other part is smooth in surface, and the diameter of the smooth part of the surface is smaller than that of a concave part in the threaded part.

A plurality of (2-48) threaded through holes are formed in the middle of the annular metal supporting element 1, the threaded through holes are arranged in an axial symmetry mode, the bolt limiting rod points to the center of the annular metal supporting element, the threaded portion is arranged outside, the smooth portion is arranged inside, the bolt limiting rod is screwed into the threaded through holes of the annular metal supporting element, and the threaded portion of the bolt limiting rod is consistent with the threaded through holes of the annular metal supporting element in length.

The middle position of annular elastic element open and to have a plurality of (2 ~ 48) smooth through-holes, smooth through-hole is the axial symmetry and arranges, with the screw thread through-hole position one-to-one of annular metal support element 1, the smooth through-hole diameter of annular elastic element is greater than the diameter of the smooth part of bolt gag lever post, clearance 0.01 ~ 1mm can make the smooth part of spiral gag lever post pass the through-hole on the annular elastic element.

Ceramic element 3's intermediate position is opened has a plurality of (2 ~ 48) circular recess, and circular recess is the axial symmetry and arranges, with annular metal support element 1's screw through-hole position one-to-one, circular recess internal diameter is greater than the diameter of the smooth part of bolt gag lever post, and clearance 0.01 ~ 1mm, the smooth part of spiral gag lever post passes annular elastic element's through-hole after, inserts in annular ceramic element 3's circular recess, has both guaranteed not take place relative slip between annular metal support element 1, elastic element and the 3 three of annular ceramic element, when having avoided the temperature rise again, the destruction of bolt thermal energy to this department structure.

(2) The mutual nesting mode is adopted to ensure that the annular metal supporting element 1, the annular elastic element and the annular ceramic element 3 do not slide relatively. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

the top of annular metal support component 1 is opened has a plurality of (2 ~ 48) recesses, and the recess is the axle symmetry and arranges, and the directional center of annular metal support component of recess, recess can run through annular metal support component 1, also can not run through, and the recess is open-ended on this side of annular metal support component 1 inner wall when not running through.

The top of annular elastic element open and to have a plurality of (2 ~ 48) openings, the opening is the axial symmetry and arranges, with annular metal support element 1's recess position one-to-one.

The top end of the annular ceramic element 3 is provided with a plurality of (2-48) convex blocks, the convex blocks are arranged in an axial symmetry mode, and the convex blocks point outwards and correspond to the grooves of the annular metal supporting element 1 one by one.

The sizes of the groove of the annular metal supporting element 1 and the opening of the annular elastic element are slightly larger than the size of the projection of the annular ceramic element 3, the gap is 0.01-1 mm, and the damage to the structure caused by the contraction of the annular metal supporting element 1 and the annular elastic element when the temperature is reduced is avoided. The annular elastic element is arranged inside the annular metal supporting element 1, the opening of the annular elastic element corresponds to the groove of the annular metal supporting element 1, the annular ceramic element 3 is arranged inside the annular elastic element, the lug of the annular ceramic element 3 just falls into the opening of the annular elastic element and the groove of the annular metal supporting element 1, and the lug of the annular ceramic element 3, the opening of the annular elastic element and the groove of the annular metal supporting element 1 are mutually nested together to play a role in limiting, so that the annular metal supporting element, the elastic element and the annular ceramic element are prevented from sliding relatively.

A design method of a ceramic bearing for realizing large-range temperature stress adjustment based on an elastic element comprises the following steps:

first, determining k of annular elastic element_LValue of

The materials and the sizes of the annular metal supporting element and the annular ceramic element are fixed, a gap exists between the annular metal supporting element and the annular ceramic element, and the gap distance is fixed. Therefore, when the temperature of the bearing changes, the annular metal supporting element is compressed to different degrees due to different degrees of expansion and contraction of the annular metal supporting element and different degrees of contraction of the annular ceramic element, the k value (rigidity) of the annular elastic element is changed, and the stress state of the bearing is changed correspondingly.

1) The method comprises the following steps of initially and randomly setting structural parameters of a set of annular elastic elements, wherein the structural parameters comprise:

the annular elastic element is composed of elastic metal corrugated sheets, the corrugation trend can be horizontal or longitudinal, the elastic metal corrugated sheets can be of an integral annular structure or a multi-body annular splicing structure, and the elastic metal corrugated sheets can be of a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. Elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, single-sheet thickness, periodicity, amplitude, number of segments and number of laminations of the elastic metal corrugated sheet.

The annular elastic element is made of an elastic block material, the elastic block material can be a porous material or a framework structure, and the elastic block material can be an integral annular structure or a multi-body annular splicing structure. Elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, thickness, porosity of the porous material; modulus of elasticity, coefficient of thermal expansion, thickness, porosity, cell configuration, cell size of the scaffold material.

2) Obtaining k of the annular elastic element by a numerical simulation or analytic calculation method according to the set structural parameters of the annular elastic element_L0The value is obtained.

3) According to k of the resulting annular elastic member_L0Value and minimum operating temperature T of bearing condition_LBy a numerical valueAnd obtaining the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element 3 by a simulation or analytic calculation method.

4) The maximum stress in the annular ceramic element 3 is equal to 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element 3, and the value of n is 1.1-20. If the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element 3 is less than 1/n of the material yield strength of the annular ceramic element 3, the new k value is made larger than the initially obtained k by changing the structural parameters of the annular elastic element in 1)_L0Value, continue the trial until meeting the criterion condition; if the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element 3 is obtained to be greater than 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element 3, the new k value is made smaller than the initially obtained k value by changing the structural parameters of the annular elastic element in 1)_L0Value, continue the trial until meeting the criterion condition; if the obtained maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element 3 is equal to 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element 3, the criterion condition is met, and the test is stopped. The k value obtained finally is k of the annular elastic element_LThe value is obtained.

Second, k of the annular elastic element is determined_HValue of

1) K of the annular elastic element obtained according to the first step_LValue and maximum operating temperature T of bearing condition_HAnd obtaining the contact stress of the annular elastic element by a numerical simulation or analytic calculation method.

2) The allowable offset or anti-vibration requirement of the bearing is taken as a criterion. If the support force provided by the contact stress of the annular elastic element meets the criterion of the allowable offset or the anti-vibration requirement of the bearing, the structural parameter of the annular elastic element can be continuously adjusted to reduce the k value until the k value is reduced to the point that the criterion of the allowable offset or the anti-vibration requirement of the bearing is not met, and the corresponding critical value is the k value of the annular elastic element_HThe value is obtained.

Thirdly, get k_H＜k＜k_LI.e. the k value (stiffness) of the annular elastic element, which meets the requirements of the technical specifications.

And fourthly, selecting the structural parameters of the annular elastic element corresponding to the k value in the range according to the k value range obtained in the third step, namely the annular elastic element meeting the requirements.

And fifthly, finishing final assembly, specifically as follows:

the mode of fixing by adopting a bolt limiting rod is as follows: firstly, the annular ceramic element 3 is cooled, the annular elastic element is heated, and the annular elastic element is sleeved on the annular ceramic element 3 by utilizing a gap generated by temperature difference, so that the through hole of the annular elastic element is aligned with the center of the groove of the annular ceramic element 3. Secondly, simultaneously cooling the annular ceramic element 3 and the annular elastic element together, heating the annular metal supporting element 1, enabling the annular metal supporting element 1 to sleeve the annular ceramic element 3 and the annular elastic element, and ensuring that the threaded hole of the annular metal supporting element 1 is aligned with the through hole of the annular elastic element and the center of the groove of the annular ceramic element 3. And finally, screwing the bolt limiting rod into the circular groove of the annular ceramic element 3 through the threaded through hole of the annular metal supporting element 1 until the smooth part of the bolt limiting rod is inserted into the circular groove of the annular ceramic element 1, and finishing final assembly to obtain the integrated shaft sleeve structure of the annular metal supporting element 1, the annular elastic element and the annular ceramic element 3.

The mode of mutual nesting and fixing is adopted: firstly, the annular ceramic element 3 is cooled, the annular elastic element is heated, and the annular elastic element is sleeved on the annular ceramic element 3 from bottom to top by utilizing a gap generated by temperature difference, so that the opening of the annular elastic element is ensured to clamp the lug of the annular ceramic element 3. And then, simultaneously cooling the annular ceramic element 3 and the annular elastic element together, heating the annular metal supporting element 1, enabling the annular metal supporting element 1 to sleeve the annular ceramic element 3 and the annular elastic element from bottom to top, ensuring that a groove of the annular metal supporting element 1 clamps a bump of the annular ceramic element 3, and finishing final assembly to obtain the integral shaft sleeve structure of the annular metal supporting element 1, the annular elastic element and the annular ceramic element 3.

The design principle of the invention is as follows: when the bearing operating temperature is reduced, the ceramic element shrinks less than the metal support element because the innermost ceramic element has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the outermost metal support element, and the elastic element located in the middle layer is compressed. The stress state of the ceramic element is controlled by adjusting the k value (rigidity) of the elastic element, so that the ceramic material is prevented from being crushed. When the working temperature of the bearing rises, the expansion of the metal supporting element at the outermost layer is larger than that of the ceramic element at the innermost layer, and the elastic element at the middle layer releases elastic potential energy, so that the allowable offset or anti-vibration requirement of the bearing is ensured.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the temperature stress of the shaft sleeve structure of the bearing is almost completely adjusted by the elastic element, the requirement on the processing and manufacturing precision of the bearing is low, the application requirement under the limit working condition of large-range temperature change can be realized, and the vibration resistance of the bearing is greatly improved, so that the service life of the bearing is greatly prolonged, the reliability is improved, and the cost is reduced.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the design method of the present invention.

FIG. 2(a) is a top view of a bearing sleeve structure; FIG. 2(b) is a front central sectional view of the bearing sleeve structure;

FIG. 3(a) is a top view of a bearing sleeve structure; FIG. 3(b) is a front central sectional view of the bearing sleeve structure;

FIG. 4(a) is a top view of a bearing sleeve structure; FIG. 4(b) is a front central sectional view of the bearing sleeve structure;

FIG. 5(a) is a top view of a bearing sleeve structure; FIG. 5(b) is a front central sectional view of the bearing sleeve structure;

FIG. 6(a) is a top view of a bolt position-limiting rod of a bearing bushing structure; FIG. 6(b) is a front view of a center section of a bolt position-limiting rod of a bearing bushing structure;

FIG. 7(a) is a top view of the bearing sleeve structure in a manner of nesting and fixing each other; FIG. 7(b) is a front view of a central section of a bearing sleeve structure fixed to each other;

in the figure: 1 an annular metallic support element; 2 annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheets; 3 an annular ceramic element; 4, annular transverse elastic metal corrugated sheets; 5 an annular elastic porous material; 6 annular elastic skeleton material.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

A design and manufacturing method of a ceramic bearing for realizing large-range temperature stress adjustment based on an elastic element (taking a fixing mode of an annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 combined with a bolt limiting rod as an example): fig. 1 is a flow chart of a design method of the present invention, and the specific steps are as follows:

in a first step, k is determined for a corrugated metal sheet 2 of annular longitudinal elasticity_LValue of

1) The structural parameters of a set of annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheets 2 are set at will initially, and the structural parameters comprise elastic modulus, single sheet thickness, periodicity, amplitude, number of divided sheets and number of stacked sheets.

2) K of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 is obtained through numerical simulation or analytic calculation_L0The value is obtained.

3) K according to the obtained annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2_L0Value and minimum operating temperature T of bearing condition_LObtaining the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element 3 by numerical simulation or analytic calculation

4) The maximum stress in the annular ceramic element 3 is equal to 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element 3, and the value of n is 1.1-20. If the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element 3 is less than 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element 3, the new k value is larger than the initially obtained k value by changing the structural parameters of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 in 1)_L0Continuously probing until a criterion condition is met; if the maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element 3 is obtained to be greater than 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element 3, the new k value is made to be smaller than the initially obtained k value by changing the structural parameters of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 in 1)_L0Value, continue the trial until meeting the criterion condition; if the obtained maximum stress inside the annular ceramic element 3 is equal to 1/n of the yield strength of the material of the annular ceramic element 3, the criterion condition is met, and the probing is stopped. The k value obtained finally is k of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2_LThe value is obtained.

Second, determining the annular longitudinal directionK of the elastic metal corrugated sheet 2_HValue of

1) K of the annular longitudinally elastic corrugated metal sheet 2 obtained according to the first step_LValue and maximum operating temperature T of bearing condition_HAnd obtaining the contact stress of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 by a numerical simulation or analytic calculation method.

2) The allowable offset or anti-vibration requirement of the bearing is taken as a criterion. If the support force provided by the contact stress of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 meets the criterion of the allowable offset or the anti-vibration requirement of the bearing, the structural parameters of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 can be continuously adjusted to reduce the k value until the k value is reduced to the criterion of the allowable offset or the anti-vibration requirement of the bearing, and the corresponding critical value is the k value of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2_HThe value is obtained.

Thirdly, get k_H＜k＜k_LI.e. the k-value (stiffness) of the corrugated sheet of annular longitudinally resilient metal 2, which meets the requirements of the technical specifications.

And fourthly, according to the k value range obtained in the third step, selecting the structural parameters of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 corresponding to the k value in the range, namely the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 meeting the requirements.

Fifthly, the final assembly is completed in a mode of fixing the bolt limiting rod, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

firstly, the annular ceramic element 3 is cooled, the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 is heated, the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 is sleeved on the annular ceramic element 3 by utilizing a gap generated by temperature difference, and the through hole of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 is ensured to be aligned with the center of the groove of the annular ceramic element 3. Secondly, simultaneously cooling the annular ceramic element 3 and the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2, heating the annular metal supporting element 1, enabling the annular metal supporting element 1 to sleeve the annular ceramic element 3 and the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2, and ensuring that the threaded hole of the annular metal supporting element 1 is aligned with the through hole of the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 and the center of the groove of the annular ceramic element 3. And finally, screwing the bolt limiting rod into the circular groove of the annular ceramic element 3 through the threaded through hole of the annular metal supporting element 1 until the smooth part of the bolt limiting rod is inserted into the circular groove of the annular ceramic element 1, and finishing final assembly to obtain the integrated shaft sleeve structure of the annular metal supporting element 1, the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 and the annular ceramic element 3.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bearing sleeve using an annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet as an elastic element, wherein the annular longitudinal elastic metal corrugated sheet 2 is positioned in the middle layer, the corrugations are longitudinally distributed, and the whole bearing sleeve is cylindrical. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a bearing sleeve using an annular transverse elastic metal corrugated sheet as an elastic element, wherein the annular transverse elastic metal corrugated sheet 4 is positioned in the middle layer, the corrugations are distributed transversely, and the whole bearing sleeve is cylindrical. Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a bearing sleeve structure with an annular elastic porous material as an elastic element, wherein the annular elastic porous material 5 is located in the middle layer, and the porous material is a block material with irregularly distributed pores and is cylindrical as a whole. Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a bearing sleeve using an annular elastic framework material as an elastic element, wherein the annular elastic framework material 6 is located in the middle layer, and the framework material is a block material with a certain regularly arranged framework and is cylindrical as a whole. Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a fixing mode of a bolt limiting rod of a bearing bush structure. Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a manner of mutually nesting and fixing bearing sleeve structures.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the patent of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.