阅读说明：本技术 液压轴承衬套 (Hydraulic bearing bush ) 是由 萨拉·格罗特施 安德烈·桑斯 于 2018-10-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种液压轴承衬套、尤其是用于轨道车辆传动装置的液压轴承衬套,其中,该液压轴承衬套具有以下特征：-内衬套,该内衬套被配置用于接纳轴承轴颈,-环形橡胶本体,该环形橡胶本体基本上包绕该内衬套并且经由其外圆周连接至该内衬套、优选地经由其圆周硫化在该内衬套上,以及-两个环形支撑环,该两个环形支撑环优选地由金属制成、在该橡胶本体的两个轴向端部处被硫化在其上,-外部环形壳体,这些支撑环支撑抵靠该外部环形壳体的内圆周、优选是在该外部环形壳体的两个轴向端部处支撑抵靠该外部环形壳体的内圆周,以及-至少两个腔室,该至少两个腔室在圆周方向上、在该环形橡胶本体与该环形壳体之间形成,各自在该圆周的部分区域上延伸并且能够填充有液压流体,其中,这些腔室经由至少一个均衡和节流通道连接在一起,其中,该内衬套具有优选环绕的腔体,并且该均衡和节流通道基本上由布置在此腔体中的至少一个单独的管状线形元件形成、优选地由布置在此腔体中的至少一个柔性软管形成。(The invention relates to a hydraulic bearing cartridge, in particular for a rail vehicle transmission, wherein the hydraulic bearing cartridge has the following features: -an inner bushing configured for receiving a bearing journal, -an annular rubber body which substantially surrounds the inner bushing and is connected to the inner bushing via its outer circumference, preferably vulcanized on the inner bushing via its circumference, and-two annular support rings, preferably made of metal, vulcanized on the rubber body at both axial ends thereof, -an outer annular casing which supports against an inner circumference of the outer annular casing, preferably against an inner circumference of the outer annular casing at both axial ends thereof, and-at least two chambers formed in the circumferential direction between the annular rubber body and the annular casing, each extending over a partial region of the circumference and being fillable with hydraulic fluid, wherein the chambers are connected together via at least one equalization and throttling channel, wherein the inner bushing has a preferably circumferential cavity and the equalization and throttling channel is essentially formed by at least one separate tubular string-shaped element arranged in this cavity, preferably by at least one flexible hose arranged in this cavity.)

1. A hydraulic bearing cartridge (1), in particular for a rail vehicle transmission, wherein the hydraulic bearing cartridge has the following features:

-an inner bushing (2) for receiving a bearing journal (12),

-an annular rubber body (3) substantially surrounding the inner liner (2) and connected thereto via its outer circumference, preferably vulcanized thereon via its circumference, and

-two annular supporting rings (4, 5), preferably made of metal, vulcanized on both axial ends of the rubber body,

-an outer annular housing (6) against the inner circumference of which the support rings (4, 5) are supported, preferably at both axial ends thereof, and

-at least two chambers (7, 8) formed in the circumferential direction between the annular rubber body (3) and the annular housing (6), each extending over a partial area of the circumference and being fillable with hydraulic fluid,

wherein the chambers (7, 8) are connected together via at least one equalizing and throttling channel (9), characterized in that the inner liner (2) has a preferably circumferential cavity (10) and that the equalizing and throttling channel (9) is essentially formed by at least one separate tubular string-shaped element (11) arranged in this cavity, preferably by at least one flexible hose arranged in this cavity.

2. The fluid bearing bushing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cavity (10) is formed by a surrounding hollow on the inner side of the inner bushing (2), said hollow being radially delimited on the inner side by an outer surface or outer wall of the bearing journal (12).

3. The hydraulic bearing cartridge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner bushing (2) consists of at least two hollow cylindrical bodies, wherein the one hollow cylindrical body is fitted coaxially to the inside of the other hollow cylindrical body and the cavity is formed by at least one preferably encircling recess at least in one hollow cylindrical body on a surface facing the respective other hollow cylindrical body.

4. The hydraulic bearing cartridge as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cavity is formed in a circumferential manner and the separate tubular string-shaped element or flexible hose (11) extends helically or spirally within the cavity.

5. The hydraulic bearing bushing as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the inner bushing (2) and the annular rubber body (3) both have passages or channels for connecting the end of the tubular string-shaped element or hose located in the cavity with the respective fillable chambers (7, 8).

6. A method for producing a hydraulic bearing bushing according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner bushing (2) with the cavity for the tubular thread-shaped element or hose is produced by a 3D printing process.

7. Use of a fluid bearing bushing according to one of claims 1 to 5 as a wheel set guide bushing in a transmission for a rail vehicle.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a hydraulic bearing cartridge, in particular for a rail vehicle transmission, wherein the hydraulic bearing cartridge has the following features:

an inner bushing for receiving a bearing journal,

-an annular rubber body substantially surrounding the inner liner and connected to the inner liner via its outer circumference, preferably vulcanized on the inner liner via its circumference, and

two annular supporting rings, preferably made of metal, vulcanized on both axial ends of the rubber body,

-an outer annular housing against the inner circumference of which the support rings are supported, preferably at both axial ends of the outer annular housing, and

at least two chambers formed in the circumferential direction between the annular rubber body and the annular housing, each extending over a partial region of the circumference and being fillable with hydraulic fluid,

wherein the chambers are connected together via at least one equalization and throttling channel.

Background

Hydraulic bearing bushes of this type for influencing and/or setting the damping characteristics of bearings on vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, are known in a number of different designs. Such bearing bushes (also referred to as wheel set guide bushes) are used for the elastic mounting of movable parts, such as movable parts of a transmission of a vehicle, in particular of a rail vehicle.

Generally, such rubber-metal bearings consist of an inner rubber-metal element which is received in a metal sleeve. The outer metal sleeve is for example connected to the body of the vehicle, while the inner rubber-metal element receives a journal, which is part of the transmission.

Between the elastomer part/rubber part of the rubber-metal element and the metal sleeve as housing element, chambers are arranged which extend over a partial region of the circumference and can be filled with hydraulic fluid, said chambers often being formed in a kidney-shaped manner over a partial circumference of the bearing. These fillable chambers are connected together or to the equalizing chamber by at least one connecting channel.

When the hydraulic bushing is loaded, the compression of the rubber portion reduces the size of one chamber, causing a portion of the hydraulic fluid in that chamber to flow through the connecting passage into the other chamber or into the equalizing chamber. The connecting channel then serves as a hydraulic throttle, in other words as a throttle channel. The flow through the correspondingly formed throttling channel produces dissipation and thus damping work.

Thus, hydraulic fluid is provided in chambers at least partially surrounded by the rubber-elastic material and arranged approximately diametrically opposite one another to provide further damping characteristics. In this case, the connecting channel acts as a damper or provides dynamic stiffness in the corresponding loading direction due to the throttling properties of the connecting channel.

The damping characteristics of such hydraulic bushings are frequency dependent due to their design. Typically, low frequency vibrations (i.e., vibrations having a frequency of less than about 2Hz, typically producing an amplitude of about 10 mm) are attenuated to a large extent; whereas high frequency vibrations, i.e. vibrations with a frequency range above the stated value, pass in an almost undamped manner due to the inertia and incompressibility of the hydraulic fluid and the rubber spring. These features are utilized because the damping and stiffness are set in a frequency-dependent manner by the configuration of the connecting channel.

The elastic behavior based on the vibration characteristics of the hydraulic fluid column may be set in terms of stiffness and damping along the length of the connecting channel. In the case of a long overflow channel, when the time interval of the impact or vibration is large (i.e. the vibration frequency is low), the forces emanating from the bushing can only be transferred from one chamber to the other chamber sufficiently easily via the hydraulic fluid and via the overflow channel. However, if the mechanical load occurs at high frequency, due to the inertia and incompressibility of the hydraulic fluid, the available channel cross-section, and the channel length, it is not possible to flow through or overcome the connecting or overflow channel between two consecutive impacts fast enough to provide resilience by overflow from the loaded chamber to the unloaded chamber.

This effect is utilized in order to provide greater rigidity, for example in the case of a rail vehicle travelling at high speed, and therefore in the case of a succession of short irregular behaviors occurring on the track and the mechanical shocks resulting therefrom. As a result, safety when traveling at high speeds is ensured by hard mounting and thus excessive softness is avoided.

In contrast, at low speeds, that is to say when driving around bends or the like, low stiffness is advantageous and the corresponding softness is achieved in that the corresponding hydraulic fluid column can be transferred from one chamber into the other between two successive impacts. The limiting frequency (which defines the rigid behavior and the damping behavior in the case of soft mounting) is given by the channel length, since the longer the overflow channel, the lower the limiting frequency, above which rigid mounting with a hard bushing is observed.

Therefore, in the prior art, hydraulic wheel set guide bushings are known which consist of a metal-rubber body for achieving static rigidity and two integral chambers with connecting channels. Through this defined connecting channel, fluid is exchanged and different dynamic stiffnesses at different frequencies are generated, for example, in the direction of travel. The current state of the art describes a hydraulic wheelset guide bushing consisting of a metal-rubber body for achieving static stiffness and two integrated chambers with connecting channels. Through this defined connecting channel, the fluid is exchanged and different dynamic stiffnesses at different frequencies as desired are generated in the direction of travel.

DE 10310633 a1 describes a resiliently connected bearing bush for parts of a transmission. A bushing, in particular intended for a rail vehicle, has an inner shell around which an outer shell is arranged in a radially spaced manner to form an annular gap. A rubber-elastic element is located in the annular gap, which rubber-elastic element delimits two diametrically opposite chambers which are filled with hydraulic fluid and are connected together via an overflow channel in the form of a damper. The underflow channel may in this case be realized in a spiral manner and guided along the outer and/or inner circumference of the bushing or its housing part, but at least partly extend through the inner or outer part of the bearing.

In a preferred embodiment of the bushing, the overflow channel is formed between the inner wall of the inner housing part and a groove, which is, for example, introduced helically into the outer region of the bolt-like element surrounded by the bushing. The introduction of the recess into the outer face of the bearing bolt (as in the case of the introduction of the circumferential recess into the pivot bolt of the axle link) is complicated and partially converts the function or structure of the bearing into the configuration of the axle link. As a result, the bearing can only be exchanged or replaced by increased effort.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a bearing bush of the generic type in such a way that the dynamic stiffness characteristics can be predefined in a simple manner by varying the length of the connecting channel. In this case, the hydraulic bearing cartridge is intended to achieve a soft stiffness in the low frequency range in the direction of travel and a high stiffness at a defined higher frequency; aims to achieve an advantageous product by avoiding stress concentrations in the force-guiding member; and thus allows the use of advantageous materials, simple design, and simple production methods. The hydraulic wheelset guide bushing is intended to achieve a soft stiffness at low frequencies and a high stiffness at higher frequencies in the direction of travel.

This object is achieved by the features of the main claim. Advantageous refinements are contained in the dependent claims. The invention also discloses a specific production method and a specific application of the hydraulic bearing bush.

In this case, the inner liner has a preferably circumferential cavity, and the equalization and throttling channel is essentially formed by at least one separate tubular string-shaped element arranged in this cavity, preferably by at least one flexible hose arranged in this cavity. For example, rubber hoses or hoses made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane or other elastomers or polymers can be used. It is also conceivable to use other materials, such as non-ferrous metals or metals, but also other flexible materials for the hose/string-shaped element.

Due to the configuration according to the invention of the connecting channel configured in this way as a separate tubular wire element or flexible hose, a very simple embodiment variant for variable static and dynamic stiffness is made possible, since, depending on the diameter of the line element or hose, different lengths and turns of the throttle channel can be simply achieved and in this way the equalizing or throttle channel can be adapted individually to the respective application. The "principle of equivalence" can also be established simply here, since, for example, the inner bushing with its cavity is configured in exactly the same way for different bearings, while the throttle channel is provided by a correspondingly variably insertable hose. The hose is available in meters and can therefore be easily used in any length and size. This also allows very simple embodiment variants of variable static and dynamic stiffness.

In an advantageous development, the cavity is formed by a surrounding hollow on the inner side of the inner bushing, said hollow being radially delimited on the inner side by an outer surface or outer wall of the bearing journal. Such a hollow can be produced simply and can be realized very simply in a metal bushing, since a substantially U-shaped rolling or forming directed radially inwards is performed, so that a cavity according to the invention is present between the inwardly directed legs of the "U".

In a further advantageous configuration, the inner bushing consists of at least two hollow cylindrical bodies, wherein the one hollow cylindrical body is fitted coaxially to the inside of the other hollow cylindrical body and the cavity is formed by at least one preferably surrounding recess at least in one hollow cylindrical body on the surface facing the respective other hollow cylindrical body. Also here, the inner bushing is relatively simple to produce, since in this case the hollow cylindrical bodies can be suitably machined before fitting one into the interior of the other, and the corresponding cavities can be formed after fitting one into the interior of the other. In this case, a hollow cylindrical body may be provided with cutouts, so that the hose forming the throttle channel can subsequently be introduced through these cutouts.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the cavity is formed in a circumferential manner and the separate tubular string-shaped element or flexible hose extends helically or spirally within the cavity. As a result, the length of the channel, and thus also the damping, is widely adaptable. The connecting channels or hoses, or the line elements, can be introduced into the cavity, for example, as a planar spiral or in the form of a plurality of spirals interwoven together. This also allows a space-saving arrangement of the connection channels. Thus, for example, the respective ends of the channel system may be connected to two opposite chambers by two or more channels.

In a further advantageous configuration, both the inner bushing and the annular rubber body have pre-fabricated passages or channels for connecting the end of the tubular string-shaped element or hose located in the cavity with the respective fillable chambers. This makes it easier to install quickly and exchange equalization and throttling passages simply. Generally, in this case, there is a threaded or crimped connection at the end of the channel system (i.e. the line element or the hose), depending on the pressure level.

For producing the hydraulic bearing cartridge according to the invention, wherein the inner cartridge consists for example of a metal sintered material or plastic, it is particularly suitable to produce the inner cartridge with a cavity for a tubular thread element or hose by means of a 3D printing process. In this way, all complex cavity shapes can be produced, for example even cavity shapes with undercut profiles.

The use of the hydrodynamic bearing cartridge according to the invention as a wheel set guide cartridge in a transmission for rail vehicles is particularly advantageous, as explained above. This gives rise to the possibility of high influence on the stiffness in dependence on the frequency of the applied load/force in components having very small dimensions.

A further advantage derives from the possibility of modifications (very simple here) to the kidney chamber and also to the rubber-metal part or rubber pad geometry. Also, dynamic stiffness and stiffness ratio C is achieved_xStatic and C_xSimple change of dynamics. Multiple channel layers, channel cross sections and different channel lengths in the channel system are possible depending on the required dynamic stiffness. Materials such as aluminum or plastic may be used.

In addition, different fluids having different viscosities may be used. Ethylene glycol is currently used due to temperature insensitivity. The configuration according to the invention allows a simple, cost-effective and also reliable assembly.

In the hydraulic bearing cartridge according to the invention, the static stiffness can be varied by changing the kidney (i.e. changing the fillable hydraulic chamber and the rubber pad geometry). Different channel cross sections and different channel lengths in the channel system are possible depending on the required dynamic stiffness. Furthermore, different hydraulic fluids having different viscosities may be used at a defined temperature.

Filling can be effected by means of a filling device through suitable filling holes, optionally also with the creation of a vacuum.

Drawings

The invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of an exemplary embodiment.

List of reference numerals

1 Hydraulic bearing bush

2 liner bushing

3 rubber body

4 support ring

5 support ring

6 annular shell

7 fillable chamber

8 fillable chamber

9 equalizing and throttling the channels

10 Chamber/hollow

11 rubber hose

12 bearing journal

13 connecting or threading elements

14 direction of travel

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 schematically shows a hydraulic bearing cartridge 1 for a rail vehicle (not shown in greater detail here). The hydraulic bearing cartridge has an inner liner 2 for receiving a bearing journal 12; and also has an annular rubber body 3 which substantially surrounds the inner bush 2 and is connected thereto by vulcanization around its outer circumference; and two annular metal support rings 4 and 5 vulcanized thereon at both axial ends of the rubber body.

The hydraulic bearing cartridge also has an outer annular housing 6 against the inner circumference of which the support rings 4 and 5 are supported, in particular at both axial ends of the housing, and are fixed by corresponding fixing rings.

Fig. 1 likewise shows that the hydraulic bearing cartridge 1 has two chambers 7 and 8 which are formed in the circumferential direction between the annular rubber body and the annular housing, each extending over a partial region of the circumference and which can be filled with hydraulic fluid, said chambers being connected together via an equalizing and throttling channel 9 (in this case in the form of a rubber hose 11).

In order to receive this rubber hose 11 in this case, the inner bushing 2 has a circumferential cavity 10 formed on the inside. The equalizing and throttling channel 9 is thus essentially formed by a separate tubular string-shaped element, in this case in particular a flexible hose 11, arranged in the cavity 10, i.e. separate from the connecting or lead-through element 13.

The cavity 10 is formed by a surrounding hollow on the inner side of the inner bushing 2, which is radially delimited on the inner side by the outer surface or outer wall of the bearing journal 12.

In this case, the direction of travel 14 is along or parallel to the vertical axis of the drawing, and the chambers formed in a "kidney" manner are deformed to a greater or lesser extent by radial forces during operation of the bearing bush, so that the hydraulic fluid located in these chambers can flow into the respective other chamber via the equalizing and throttling channel 9. For this purpose, the inner sleeve 2 and the rubber body 3 have feedthroughs and inflow holes (not shown in greater detail here) which connect the respective channel origins to the respective chambers.