阅读说明：本技术 一种含有全态氮的小麦专用肥料及其制备方法 (Special wheat fertilizer containing all-nitrogen and preparation method thereof ) 是由 陈志付 安华征 张琦佳 于 2020-04-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种含有全态氮的小麦专用肥料及其制备方法,按质量百分比计：硝铵磷比例15％-25％、氨水比例3％-5％、尿素比例8％-15％、磷酸一铵比例35％-45％、氯化钾比例6％-15％、豆饼肥比例5％-12％、中微量元素比例3％-7％。其制备方法是采用团粒法造粒技术,利用硝酸脲的粘性和硝铵磷溶液作为液相量完成造粒,利用氨水氨化硝铵磷防止造粒过程产生过多的硝酸脲,采用二级干燥系统,防止由于烘干温度高硝铵磷与尿素发生二次反应。产品利用不同氮素的释放时间不同,减少了由于氮养分释放过多造成的养分损失和环境污染,并利用有机质和中微量元素改良土壤,提高小麦的产量和品质。(The invention discloses a wheat special fertilizer containing total nitrogen and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wheat special fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-25% of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 3-5% of ammonia water, 8-15% of urea, 35-45% of monoammonium phosphate, 6-15% of potassium chloride, 5-12% of bean cake fertilizer and 3-7% of medium trace elements. The preparation method adopts a granulation technology of a granulation method, utilizes the viscosity of urea nitrate and ammonium phosphate solution as liquid phase quantity to complete granulation, utilizes ammonia water to ammoniate the ammonium phosphate to prevent excessive urea nitrate from being generated in the granulation process, and adopts a secondary drying system to prevent the ammonium phosphate and urea from generating secondary reaction due to high drying temperature. The product utilizes different nitrogen elements to release for different time, reduces nutrient loss and environmental pollution caused by excessive release of nitrogen elements, improves soil by utilizing organic matters and medium and trace elements, and improves the yield and quality of wheat.)

1. The fertilizer containing total nitrogen special for wheat is characterized in that ammonium phosphate accounts for 15-25% of the total input raw material amount by mass, ammonia water accounts for 3-5% of the total input raw material amount by mass, urea accounts for 8-15% of the total input raw material amount by mass, monoammonium phosphate accounts for 35-45% of the total input raw material amount by mass, potassium chloride accounts for 6-15% of the total input raw material amount by mass, bean cake fertilizer accounts for 5-12% of the total input raw material amount by mass, and medium trace elements account for 3-7% of the total input raw material amount by mass.

2. The fertilizer containing total nitrogen for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic nitrogen-containing raw material is bean cake fertilizer, the nitrate nitrogen-containing raw material is ammonium nitrate phosphorus, the ammonium nitrogen-containing raw material is ammonium nitrate phosphorus, monoammonium phosphate and ammonia water, and the amide nitrogen-containing raw material is urea.

3. The fertilizer containing all-nitrogen special for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium nitrate phosphorus/ammonia water is 5: 1.

4. The fertilizer containing all-nitrogen special for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium trace element is a combination of manganese sulfate and copper sulfate.

5. The preparation method of the fertilizer containing total nitrogen specially used for wheat according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparation of bean cake fertilizer (for use)

1.1, crushing the bean cakes to be less than 1mm, adding rice bran accounting for 3-5 percent of the mass of the bean cakes and a zymogen accounting for 0.4-0.5 percent of the mass of the bean cakes, uniformly mixing, and covering for 10-12 hours by using a film;

1.2, adjusting the water content to ensure that the water content of the mixed material for fermentation reaches 50-60 percent;

1.3 piling the mixed material with the adjusted moisture content into a wedge-shaped pile body with the width of 2m, the height of 1.5m and the proper length;

1.4 when the temperature of the stack body reaches 70 ℃ and is continuously maintained for 48 hours, turning the stack;

1.5 piling and fermenting for 12-15 days to prepare the bean cake fertilizer;

(2) adding the measured ammonium phosphate nitrate and ammonia water into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank to be 155-165 ℃, and mixing for 30-35min to complete ammoniation of the ammonium phosphate nitrate and preparation of an ammonium phosphate solution;

(3) adding metered urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, medium trace elements and the bean cake fertilizer prepared in the step (1) into a rotary drum granulator through a microcomputer batching system, atomizing the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution prepared in the step (2), spraying the atomized ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution into materials in the rotary drum granulator, completing the material granulation process by using the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution as a liquid phase amount and using the viscosity of urea nitrate generated by the reaction of ammonium nitrate phosphorus and urea, and controlling the material temperature in the rotary drum granulator to be 60-65 ℃ and the granulation time to be 6-8 min;

(4) after granulation, the material enters a primary dryer, the inlet temperature of the primary dryer is controlled at 105-;

(5) controlling the inlet temperature of the secondary dryer at 85-95 ℃ and drying for 30-35 min;

(6) after drying, respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening, wherein the diameter of a screen hole of the coarse screen is 4.5mm, the diameter of a screen hole of the fine screen is 2.0mm, particles with the diameter of more than 4.5mm after coarse screening are crushed by a crusher, powder materials with the diameter of less than 2.0mm after fine screening are returned to a rotary drum granulator, and qualified products enter a cooling machine;

(7) and (4) the qualified product after being cooled for 30-35min enters a wrapping machine, and is packaged after anti-caking treatment.

6. The method for preparing fertilizer containing total nitrogen specially used for wheat according to claim 5, wherein the zymophyte agent is Em bacteria.

7. The method for preparing fertilizer containing total nitrogen specially used for wheat according to claim 5, wherein the drying process adopts secondary drying treatment.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a compound fertilizer, in particular to a special wheat fertilizer containing all-nitrogen and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, a compound fertilizer is mainly prepared by mixing basic fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, such as urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and the like, adding viscous fillers, such as attapulgite, clay and the like, at a certain temperature and liquid phase amount in a granulator, agglomerating into granules, drying, cooling and screening to prepare a compound fertilizer product. The production technology of the compound fertilizer is a production method widely used in China, the production process is simple, the operation is easy to master, but the product has single nitrogen element source, and a large amount of nitrogen nutrient is released intensively and quickly at the initial stage of application, so that the loss is caused by leaching, decomposition and volatilization, serious soil, air and water pollution is caused, the waste of the fertilizer is caused, and the field planting cost of farmers is increased.

Aiming at the problems, the method develops the full-state nitrogen-containing fertilizer applied to different crops, and reasonably provides nitrogen elements, medium trace elements and organic matters according to the requirements of different crops, thereby being an effective way for realizing the high-efficiency utilization of the fertilizer, reducing the investment, protecting the environment and improving the soil.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a special wheat fertilizer containing total nitrogen, which contains organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen, wherein the total nitrogen contains quick-acting nitrogen and slow-release nitrogen, and the release time of different nitrogen is different, so that the nutrient loss and environmental pollution caused by too much released nitrogen and incapability of being absorbed by crops in the same period are reduced, and the nutrient utilization rate is higher.

The invention also aims to complete ammoniation of ammonium nitrate phosphorus in the melting process by adding ammonia water, prevent excessive urea nitrate from being generated in the granulation process, ensure that the production can not be normally carried out and solve the technical problem that urea and nitrate nitrogen materials can not be mixed.

The invention further aims to improve the soil environment through organic matters and medium and trace elements.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a special fertilizer containing all nitrogen for wheat,

the weight percentage of ammonium nitrate phosphorus to the total input raw material amount is 15-25%, the weight percentage of ammonia water to the total input raw material amount is 3-5%, the weight percentage of urea to the total input raw material amount is 8-15%, the weight percentage of monoammonium phosphate to the total input raw material amount is 35-45%, the weight percentage of potassium chloride to the total input raw material amount is 6-15%, the weight percentage of bean cake fertilizer to the total input raw material amount is 5-12%, and the weight percentage of medium trace elements to the total input raw material amount is 3-7%.

The raw material containing organic nitrogen is bean cake fertilizer, the raw material containing nitrate nitrogen is ammonium phosphate, the raw material containing ammonium nitrogen is ammonium phosphate (containing nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen), monoammonium phosphate and ammonia water, and the raw material containing amide nitrogen is urea.

The mass ratio of the ammonium phosphate nitrate to the ammonia water is 5: 1, urea nitrate generated by the reaction of the ammonium phosphate nitrate and the urea in the granulation process has high viscosity, and granulation without fillers can be realized, but if excessive urea nitrate is generated by reaction, the materials are muddy, and the production cannot be normally carried out, so that the ammonium phosphate nitrate needs to be aminated to control the quality of the generated urea nitrate, and a large number of experiments are carried out, and the use effect of the mass ratio of the ammonium phosphate nitrate to the ammonia water is optimal, namely 5: 1.

The medium trace elements are two combinations of manganese sulfate and copper sulfate.

The preparation method of the special wheat fertilizer containing all-nitrogen is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) preparation of bean cake fertilizer (for use)

1.1, crushing the bean cakes to be less than 1mm, adding rice bran accounting for 3-5 percent of the mass of the bean cakes and a zymogen accounting for 0.4-0.5 percent of the mass of the bean cakes, uniformly mixing, and covering for 10-12 hours by using a film;

1.2, adjusting the water content to ensure that the water content of the mixed material for fermentation reaches 50-60 percent;

1.3 piling the mixed material with the adjusted moisture content into a wedge-shaped pile body with the width of 2m, the height of 1.5m and the proper length;

1.4 when the temperature of the stack body reaches 70 ℃ and is continuously maintained for 48 hours, turning the stack;

1.5 piling and fermenting for 12-15 days to prepare the bean cake fertilizer;

(2) adding the measured ammonium phosphate nitrate and ammonia water into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank to be 155-165 ℃, and mixing for 30-35min to complete ammoniation of the ammonium phosphate nitrate and preparation of an ammonium phosphate solution;

(3) adding metered urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, medium trace elements and the bean cake fertilizer prepared in the step (1) into a rotary drum granulator through a microcomputer batching system, atomizing the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution prepared in the step (2), spraying the atomized ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution into materials in the rotary drum granulator, completing the material granulation process by using the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution as a liquid phase amount and using the viscosity of urea nitrate generated by the reaction of ammonium nitrate phosphorus and urea, and controlling the material temperature in the rotary drum granulator to be 60-65 ℃ and the granulation time to be 6-8 min;

(4) after granulation, the material enters a primary dryer, the inlet temperature of the primary dryer is controlled at 105-;

(5) controlling the inlet temperature of the secondary dryer at 85-95 ℃ and drying for 30-35 min;

(6) after drying, respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening, wherein the diameter of a screen hole of the coarse screen is 4.5mm, the diameter of a screen hole of the fine screen is 2.0mm, particles with the diameter of more than 4.5mm after coarse screening are crushed by a crusher, powder materials with the diameter of less than 2.0mm after fine screening are returned to a rotary drum granulator, and qualified products enter a cooling machine;

(7) and (4) the qualified product after being cooled for 30-35min enters a wrapping machine, and is packaged after anti-caking treatment.

The fermentation bacteria agent is Em bacteria.

The drying procedure adopts secondary drying treatment, can reduce the drying temperature, prolong the drying time, and prevent the secondary reaction of ammonium phosphate and urea in the dryer due to high drying temperature, so that the production can not be normally carried out.

Compared with the prior art, the special wheat fertilizer containing all-nitrogen and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:

1. the product contains all-state nitrogen: organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen, wherein the nitrate nitrogen and the ammonium nitrogen are quick-acting nitrogen, the organic nitrogen and the amide nitrogen are slow-release nitrogen. After the fertilizer is applied to soil, nitrate nitrogen starts to be released in 5-7 days, ammonium nitrogen starts to be released in 10-15 days, amide nitrogen starts to be released in 15 days, and organic nitrogen starts to be released in 25 days, so that the nutrient loss is reduced, and the nutrient utilization rate is improved.

2. The viscosity of the urea nitrate is used as a liquid phase required by granulation, so that soilless granulation is realized, and the cost of raw materials is reduced.

3. Ammoniating ammonium nitrate phosphorus by ammonia water, controlling the quality of the generated urea nitrate, and solving the technical problem that the urea and nitrate nitrogen materials can not be mixed.

4. The product has reasonable proportion and contains sulfur, manganese and copper elements required by the growth of wheat.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a special wheat fertilizer containing total nitrogen.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:

as shown in figure 1, the special fertilizer for wheat containing total nitrogen comprises, by mass, 15% -25% of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 3% -5% of ammonia water, 8% -15% of urea, 35% -45% of monoammonium phosphate, 6% -15% of potassium chloride, 5% -12% of bean cake fertilizer and 3% -7% of medium trace elements.

The raw material containing organic nitrogen is bean cake fertilizer, the raw material containing nitrate nitrogen is ammonium phosphate, the raw material containing ammonium nitrogen is ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate and ammonia water, and the raw material containing amide nitrogen is urea.

The mass ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphorus to the ammonia water is 5: 1.

The medium trace elements are two combinations of manganese sulfate and copper sulfate.

The preparation method of the special wheat fertilizer containing all-nitrogen is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) preparation of bean cake fertilizer (for use)

1.1, crushing the bean cakes to be less than 1mm, adding rice bran accounting for 3-5 percent of the mass of the bean cakes and a zymogen accounting for 0.4-0.5 percent of the mass of the bean cakes, uniformly mixing, and covering for 10-12 hours by using a film;

1.2, adjusting the water content to ensure that the water content of the mixed material for fermentation reaches 50-60 percent;

1.3 piling the mixed material with the adjusted moisture content into a wedge-shaped pile body with the width of 2m, the height of 1.5m and the proper length;

1.4 when the temperature of the stack body reaches 70 ℃ and is continuously maintained for 48 hours, turning the stack;

1.5 piling and fermenting for 12-15 days to prepare the bean cake fertilizer;

(2) adding the measured ammonium phosphate nitrate and ammonia water into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank to be 155-165 ℃, and mixing for 30-35min to complete ammoniation of the ammonium phosphate nitrate and preparation of an ammonium phosphate solution;

(3) adding metered urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, medium trace elements and the bean cake fertilizer prepared in the step (1) into a rotary drum granulator through a microcomputer batching system, atomizing the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution prepared in the step (2), spraying the atomized ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution into materials in the rotary drum granulator, completing the material granulation process by using the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution as a liquid phase amount and using the viscosity of urea nitrate generated by the reaction of ammonium nitrate phosphorus and urea, and controlling the material temperature in the rotary drum granulator to be 60-65 ℃ and the granulation time to be 6-8 min;

(4) after granulation, the material enters a primary dryer, the inlet temperature of the primary dryer is controlled at 105-;

(5) controlling the inlet temperature of the secondary dryer at 85-95 ℃ and drying for 30-35 min;

(6) after drying, respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening, wherein the diameter of a screen hole of the coarse screen is 4.5mm, the diameter of a screen hole of the fine screen is 2.0mm, particles with the diameter of more than 4.5mm after coarse screening are crushed by a crusher, powder materials with the diameter of less than 2.0mm after fine screening are returned to a rotary drum granulator, and qualified products enter a cooling machine;

(7) and (4) the qualified product after being cooled for 30-35min enters a wrapping machine, and is packaged after anti-caking treatment.

The fermentation bacteria agent is Em bacteria.

The drying process adopts secondary drying treatment.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples: