阅读说明：本技术 一种土壤生态环境康养基质及其制备方法 (Soil ecological environment health-care matrix and preparation method thereof ) 是由 文洋 陈婧樱子 解方 朱静 于 2021-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及堆肥和土壤改良材料,属于生态治理和农业生物工程技术领域,具体就是一种使土壤物理性、化学性和生物性三性重新平衡的土壤康养绿色环保有机材料及其制备方法,是由微生物培养物和各类有机废弃物以及动物粪便混合发酵而成,其体积百分比为微生物培养物20％、有机废弃物30％和动物粪便50％。本发明的土壤生态环境康养基质制作简单,价格低廉,不含任何的人工合成成分,为绿色生态农业生产提供了一种高活性、高效能、无公害的投放品。(The invention relates to compost and soil improvement material, belonging to the technical field of ecological management and agricultural bioengineering, in particular to a soil health-care green environment-friendly organic material for rebalancing the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and a preparation method thereof, which is prepared by mixing and fermenting microorganism culture, various organic wastes and animal wastes, wherein the volume percentage of the organic material is 20 percent of the microorganism culture, 30 percent of the organic wastes and 50 percent of the animal wastes. The soil ecological environment health-care substrate is simple to manufacture, low in price and free of any artificially synthesized component, and provides a high-activity, high-efficiency and pollution-free throwing product for green ecological agricultural production.)

1. A soil ecological environment health substrate is characterized in that: the feed additive comprises 20% of microbial culture, 20-30% of various organic wastes and 50-60% of fresh animal waste in parts by volume.

2. The soil ecological environment health substrate of claim 1, wherein: the moisture content of the fresh animal faeces is below 70%.

3. The soil ecological environment health substrate of claim 1, wherein: the various organic wastes comprise agricultural wastes, forestry three residues, grain processing leftovers and plant extraction residues.

4. The preparation method of the soil ecological environment health substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, extracting and obtaining bacillus, azotobacter population, photosynthetic bacteria population, trichoderma population, saccharomycete population, lactobacillus population, streptomycete population, cellulolytic enzyme, high-temperature actinomycete population and bacteria population from cow dung, sheep dung, air and soil, obtaining a composite bacteria population with optimal combination through an orthogonal test, mixing the composite bacteria population with bran, rapeseed cakes and semi-decomposed animal dung serving as main materials, adding white sugar, trace elements, composite vitamins and amino acid, and allowing the mixed crops to enter an aerobic fermentation tank through a microbial culture medium to undergo high-temperature fermentation treatment at the temperature of more than 70 ℃ for 20 days to obtain a microbial culture;

s2, crushing various organic wastes obtained in situ to below 2cm by a crusher;

step S3, the microbial culture obtained in the step S1, the crushed organic waste obtained in the step S2 and animal wastes are mixed and stacked in a fermentation tank with the width not less than 4 meters, the length not less than 5 meters and the height not less than 1 meter for fermentation;

s4, statically placing the fermented product in the step S3 for 3 days, detecting the temperature, turning the fermented product to supply oxygen when the temperature is raised to 70 ℃, and performing high-temperature fermentation in a heat preservation stage;

s5, repeatedly turning over the pile and supplying oxygen to keep the fermentation temperature, and continuously reproducing and decomposing organic matters by aerobic bacteria;

and step S6, after the fermentation temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, performing after-ripening management on the fermentation product, and when the appearance of the fermentation product becomes brownish black, white hypha is fully distributed in the center of the material, no peculiar smell is generated, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5, indicating that the preparation of the soil ecological environment health-care substrate is finished.

5. The soil ecological environment health substrate of claim 2, wherein: the agricultural waste comprises straw and mushroom dregs.

6. The soil ecological environment health substrate of claim 2, wherein: the forestry residues include branches, leaves, bark and wood chips.

7. The soil ecological environment health substrate of claim 2, wherein: the grain processing leftovers comprise rice chaff, wheat husks, corncobs and corn coatings.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of soil matrixes, in particular to a soil ecological environment health-care matrix and a preparation method thereof.

Background art:

the soil is composed of mineral substances formed by weathering of rocks, animals and plants, organic matters generated by decomposition of microbial residues, soil organisms (solid-phase substances), water (liquid-phase substances), air (gas-phase substances), oxidized humus and the like. The existing soil has the phenomena of large residual quantity of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, serious soil hardening, poor air permeability, low organic matter content and poor beneficial microorganisms. There is a need for a soil conditioner with a physical, chemical and biological balance that is re-balanced with respect to the soil

The invention content is as follows:

the invention provides a soil ecological environment health-care matrix and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of large residual quantity of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in soil, serious hardening, poor air permeability, low organic matter content and poor beneficial microorganisms in the prior art.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a soil ecological environment health-care matrix comprises 20% of microbial culture, 20-30% of various organic wastes and 50-60% of fresh animal waste in parts by volume.

Preferably, the moisture content of the fresh animal faeces is below 70%.

Preferably, the various organic wastes comprise agricultural wastes, forestry residues, grain processing leftovers and plant extraction residues.

Preferably, the agricultural waste comprises straw and mushroom dregs.

Preferably, the forestry residues include branches, leaves, bark and wood chips.

Preferably, the grain processing leftovers comprise rice chaff, wheat hull, corncob and corn coating.

A method for preparing a substrate for the health maintenance of soil ecological environment comprises the steps of separately crushing various organic wastes, scientifically preparing the organic wastes according to the physicochemical properties of the organic wastes, mixing the organic wastes with a microbial culture, fermenting, performing after-ripening treatment and detecting; the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

extracting bacillus, azotobacter population, photosynthetic bacteria population, trichoderma population, saccharomycete population, lactobacillus population, streptomycete population, cellulolytic enzyme, high-temperature actinomycete population and bacteria population from cow dung, sheep dung, air and soil, obtaining a composite bacteria population with optimal combination through an orthogonal test, mixing the composite bacteria population with bran, rapeseed cakes and semi-decomposed animal dung serving as main materials, adding white sugar, trace elements, composite vitamins and amino acids, and feeding the mixed crops into an aerobic fermentation tank through a microbial culture medium to perform high-temperature fermentation treatment at the temperature of more than 70 ℃ for 20 days to obtain a microbial culture;

collecting one or more of agricultural wastes (straws, mushroom residues and the like), forestry three residues (branches, leaves, barks, sawdust and the like), grain processing leftovers (rice chaff, wheat shells, corncobs, corn coatings), plant extraction residues, animal wastes and other organic wastes by an in-situ principle;

crushing the organic waste with the grain size of more than 2cm by a crusher to be less than 2 cm;

based on the volume of the animal wastes, 30 percent of crushed materials are added and uniformly mixed with 20 percent of microbial culture, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 50 to 60 percent;

stacking the mixed materials in a shape like a Chinese character 'duo' with the width of 4 meters, the height of more than 1 meter and the length of more than 5 meters or putting the mixed materials into a fermentation tank for pre-fermentation;

performing temperature measurement and recording every day on the third day after the pile is built according to the requirements of pre-fermentation management, adopting a multipoint measurement method during temperature measurement, requiring that a thermometer is inserted into a position 50cm away from the material to measure, and performing first pile turning after the temperature reaches more than 70 ℃ and is kept for 3 days (pile turning requirements: turning the material inside out and turning the material on the material below);

after the pre-fermentation is carried out for 7 to 10 days, the temperature is kept to be higher than 70 ℃ and the secondary fermentation (high-temperature fermentation) stage is carried out;

the preparation of the soil health-care matrix enters secondary fermentation management, temperature measurement and recording are required to be carried out every day, when the temperature is lower than 70 ℃, pile turning and oxygen supply treatment are carried out to keep the continuous growth and reproduction activity of the high-temperature microorganisms, and the operation is carried out for 6-7 times. The whole process requires the temperature to be not lower than 70 ℃.

Finally, the temperature of the fermented materials is returned to about 40 ℃ and the fermented materials enter a material after-ripening stage (about 7 days);

the detection firstly observes that the appearance of the secondary fermentation product is changed into brownish black, white hypha is fully distributed in the center of the material, no peculiar smell is generated, and the preparation of the soil ecological environment health substrate is finished when the pH value is between 6.5 and 7.5.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the product of the invention can improve the physical structure of soil, loosen the soil, enhance the air permeability of the soil, increase or supplement soil elements, activate soil microorganisms, maintain and promote the physiological activity of the microorganisms and improve the activity of the soil enzymes; can improve the rhizosphere environment of plants and improve the immunologic function of the plants. Meanwhile, substances around the plant rhizosphere are converted into effective nutrient substances which can be absorbed by the plant, so that the yield of agricultural products is increased, and the quality is improved. The invention is used for soil health maintenance of perennial economic crops such as fruit trees, tea trees and the like, and can solve the problem of deterioration of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil caused by long-term growth of crops in the same place.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the invention further provides a soil ecological environment health substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Example one is as follows:

(1) agricultural wastes (straws, mushroom residues and the like), forestry three residues (branches, leaves, barks, sawdust and the like), grain processing leftovers (rice chaff, wheat shells, corncobs and corn coatings), plant extraction residues, animal wastes, kitchen wastes and other organic wastes are collected.

(2) Pulverizing organic waste except animal feces with a pulverizer to particle size below 2 cm.

(3) Based on the volume of the animal wastes, 20 percent of crushed organic wastes and 30 percent of microbial cultures are added and uniformly mixed, and the water content of the mixture is controlled between 50 percent and 60 percent.

(4) The mixed materials are piled up in a shape like a Chinese character 'duo' according to the width of 4 meters, the height of more than 1 meter and the length of more than 5 meters or are put into a fermentation device for pre-fermentation.

(5) And the pre-fermentation management requires that the temperature is measured and recorded every day from the third day after the pile is built, a multipoint measurement method is adopted during temperature measurement, a thermometer is required to be inserted into a position 50cm away from the material for measurement, and gas supply and oxygen supply are carried out after the temperature reaches more than 70 ℃ and is kept for 3 days.

(6) After the pre-fermentation is carried out for 7 to 10 days, the temperature is kept above 70 ℃ for secondary fermentation.

(7) And (3) carrying out temperature measurement and recording every day after the secondary fermentation management of the soil health substrate production requires the building and piling. The temperature measurement adopts a multipoint measurement method, and the thermometer is required to be inserted into a position 50cm away from the material for measurement. And when the temperature reaches above 70 ℃ and is kept for 3 days, the treatment of supplying and supplying oxygen is carried out, and thus oxygen is supplied for many times. The whole process requires the temperature to be not lower than 70 ℃.

(8) The detection firstly observes that the appearance of the secondary fermentation product is changed into brownish black, white hypha is fully distributed in the center of the material, no peculiar smell is generated, and the preparation of the soil ecological environment health substrate is finished when the pH value is between 6.5 and 7.5.

Example two is as follows:

(1) collecting organic wastes such as straw, branches, leaves, barks, sawdust, rice chaff, wheat hulls, corncobs, corn coatings, biogas residues, plant extraction residues, kitchen waste, animal wastes and the like.

(2) Pulverizing organic waste except animal feces with a pulverizer to particle size below 2 cm.

(3) Based on the volume of the animal wastes, 40 percent of crushed materials are added and evenly mixed with 20 percent of microbial culture, and the water content of the mixture is controlled between 50 percent and 60 percent.

(4) The mixed materials are piled up in a shape like a Chinese character 'duo' according to the width of 4 meters, the height of more than 1 meter and the length of more than 5 meters or are put into a fermentation device for pre-fermentation.

(5) And the pre-fermentation management requires that the temperature is measured and recorded every day from the third day after the pile is built, a multipoint measurement method is adopted during temperature measurement, a thermometer is required to be inserted into a position 50cm away from the material for measurement, and the material is stirred after the temperature reaches more than 70 ℃ and is kept for 3 days.

(6) After the pre-fermentation is carried out for 7 to 10 days, the temperature is kept above 70 ℃ for secondary fermentation.

(7) The secondary fermentation management of the production of the soil health substrate requires that the temperature is measured and recorded every day after the pile is built, a multipoint measurement method is adopted during temperature measurement, a thermometer is required to be inserted into a position 50cm away from the material for measurement, the material is stirred after the temperature reaches more than 70 ℃ and is kept for 3 days, and oxygen is supplied for many times. The whole process requires the temperature to be not lower than 70 ℃.

(8) The detection firstly observes that the appearance of the secondary fermentation product is changed into brownish black, white hypha is fully distributed in the center of the material, no peculiar smell is generated, and the preparation of the soil ecological environment health substrate is finished when the pH value is between 6.5 and 7.5.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work shall fall within the scope of the present invention.