阅读说明：本技术 一种新型混合式直流扁平式步进直线电动机 (Novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor ) 是由 史维佳 周若舒 赵勃 谭久彬 于 2020-06-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种新型混合式直流扁平式步进直线电动机,属于电机领域,该新型混合式直流步进直线电动机包括定子(1)、动子(2)、所述定子(1)包含定子铁心(5)、永磁体(3)(4),永磁体充磁方向与运动方向垂直,随着动子铁心上绕组(9)交替通入正、负直流电,动子(2)沿着导轨(7)做直线运动。本发明不但省去了传统电机的变换结构,同时直流直线电机启动特性好、调速范围广且调速平滑,系统结构简单,受电磁干扰影响小。本发明公开的新型混合式直流步进直线电动机,具有结构新颖、构思巧妙,与现有的技术电机原理不同的特点：动子线圈制造方便、制造成本低、无需将线圈嵌入槽中,降低制造成本,电机控制简单。(The invention discloses a novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor, which belongs to the field of motors and comprises a stator (1) and a rotor (2), wherein the stator (1) comprises a stator iron core (5) and permanent magnets (3) and (4), the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is vertical to the moving direction, positive direct current and negative direct current are alternately introduced into a winding (9) on the rotor iron core, and the rotor (2) moves linearly along a guide rail (7). The invention not only saves the transformation structure of the traditional motor, but also has good starting characteristic, wide speed regulation range, smooth speed regulation, simple system structure and small influence of electromagnetic interference. The invention discloses a novel hybrid direct-current stepping linear motor, which has the characteristics of novel structure, ingenious conception and different principle from the prior motor: the rotor coil is convenient to manufacture, low in manufacturing cost, free of embedding the coil into a groove, low in manufacturing cost and simple in motor control.)

1. A novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor comprises a stator (1) and a rotor (2), wherein the rotor (2) moves along the x direction. The stator (1) comprises a stator iron core (5) and permanent magnets (3) and (4), the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is perpendicular to the moving direction, namely, the permanent magnets are magnetized in the y direction, positive direct current and negative direct current are alternately introduced into a winding (9) on the rotor iron core, and the rotor (2) moves linearly along a guide rail (7). The permanent magnet motor is characterized in that two polarity permanent magnets (3) and (4) with the magnetizing directions perpendicular to the moving direction, a magnetic conduction iron core (6) and a magnetic isolation aluminum sheet (10) are arrayed on the stator iron core (5), and the permanent magnets (3) and (4), the magnetic conduction iron core (4) and the magnetic isolation aluminum sheet (10) are fixed with the stator iron core (5) into a whole.

The rotor (2) comprises a rotor iron core (8) and a direct current winding (9). When the motor operates, the rotor (2) performs reciprocating linear motion along the guide rail (7) in the x direction.

2. The novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor according to claim 1, wherein the stator (1) is symmetrical in the up-down structure, i.e. the structure in the z direction, so that the up-down stress of the rotor (2) is uniform during the motor motion, and the vibration noise is low.

3. The novel hybrid direct current flat stepping linear motor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor (2) has a symmetrical structure from top to bottom, and wherein the direct current windings on the rotor (2) are connected in such a way that the windings (9) are wound in opposite directions from top to bottom to ensure stable operation and complete magnetic circuit of the motor.

4. The novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor core (8) of the rotor (2) is of a cylindrical structure, and compared with a conventional direct-current linear motor adopting a rectangular iron core, the cylindrical structure can effectively protect the rotor winding (9) and prolong the service life of the motor.

5. A new hybrid dc flat stepping linear motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3), (4) on the stator core (5) are magnetized. Compared with the traditional rotating motor, the permanent magnet magnetizing mode can be regarded as axial magnetizing.

6. A new hybrid dc flat stepping linear motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets (3), (4) on the stator core (5) are magnetized. The magnetizing intensity of the permanent magnets is inconsistent in the moving direction of the rotor, the center of each permanent magnet in the x direction is the largest, the magnetizing intensities on two sides are exponentially attenuated and are symmetrical on two sides, the magnetizing mode ensures the smoothness of the operation of the motor in the x direction, the vibration is small in the moving process, and the noise is reduced.

7. The novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic isolation aluminum sheets (10) between the permanent magnets (3), (4) and the magnetic conductive iron core (6) on the stator core (5) are present in low magnetic conductive aluminum sheets to ensure that the magnetic fields in the x direction, i.e. the motion direction, do not interfere with each other during the operation of the motor.

8. The novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor according to claim 1, wherein the guide rail (7) is divided into a magnetic conductive part (11) and a non-magnetic stainless steel block (12), wherein the magnetic conductive part is used as a part of a closed magnetic circuit, and the non-magnetic stainless steel blocks the magnetic circuits at two ends of the stator core, so as to increase the magnetic resistance of the stator magnetic circuit, thereby effectively avoiding the magnetic circuit saturation.

9. The novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor is characterized in that the guide rail (7) is connected with the stator (1) in the y direction through a non-magnetic medium (13), the connection mode reduces the interference of a moving direction magnetic circuit when the motor operates, and the motor operates more stably.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of motor manufacturing, in particular to a novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor which is high in average thrust, simple to control, reliable in operation, high in response speed, low in power consumption and capable of stably operating.

Background

With the development of modern automatic control technology and the continuous progress of microcomputers, a linear motion system formed by a traditional rotary motor and an additional conversion mechanism has the defects of large volume, high noise, low transmission loss and transmission efficiency, easy damage of a conversion structure and difficult maintenance of a linear converter in the field of precise transmission, so that the performance requirements of a modern linear control system are difficult to meet. And the starting characteristic and the speed regulation performance of the alternating current motor are poor. The direct drive of the load by the linear motor has the following advantages: the structure is simple, and a conversion device is not needed; the positioning precision is high, and various positioning errors caused by intermediate links are eliminated due to the absence of an intermediate conversion device, so that the precision is higher; the stroke is not limited, and a lead screw in the traditional motor conversion device is limited by a processing technology.

The linear motor in the prior art still has the defect that the linear motor cannot be automatically locked. The traditional linear motor has no change of magnetic resistance in the moving direction, so that automatic locking cannot be realized in a non-operating state.

Linear motor has calorific capacity among the prior art big, fixes the linear motor active cell in the workstation bottom for the high part that generates heat, and the mounted position is unfavorable for the nature heat dissipation, has caused very big challenge to the thermostatic control of lathe, especially to precision finishing machine, the high temperature can lead to the damage of device. The rotor upper winding is wound on the rotor core shaft, most conductors are exposed in the air, heat dissipation is facilitated, and the defects that a traditional linear motor is serious in heating and difficult in heat dissipation are effectively improved.

Linear motor has the defect of high vibration in the motion process among the prior patent art, and what traditional linear motor active cell adopted is tooth's socket structure, and the motor produces the tooth's socket force in the operation process and has brought very big influence for the even running of motor. The invention uses the structural scheme that the winding is wound on the rotor core to replace the tooth space structure of the traditional linear motor, and the motor can run more stably by eliminating the tooth space force; on the other hand, the motor adopts a symmetrical structure, and when the motor runs, the mechanical oscillation caused by uneven stress due to the asymmetrical structure can not be generated.

In the prior art, the linear motor is powered by alternating current, the motor is difficult to maintain, the operation control is difficult, the starting and speed regulation control is difficult, and the motor stroke is limited. The scheme of the invention adopts direct current power supply, effectively simplifies the maintenance difficulty of the motor, has simple and convenient motor disassembly, small part replacement difficulty, excellent starting characteristic and speed regulation characteristic, wide motor speed regulation range, smooth speed regulation, strong overload capacity and small influence by electromagnetic interference, and is more environment-friendly due to the adoption of direct current power supply.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor which is simple to control, reliable in operation, high in response speed, capable of stably operating and generating stable thrust.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor comprises a stator (1) and a rotor (2), wherein the rotor (2) moves along the x direction. The stator (1) comprises a stator iron core (5), permanent magnets (3) and (4), a magnetic conductive material (6) and an insulating material (10), the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is perpendicular to the moving direction, positive and negative direct currents are alternately introduced into a winding (9) on the rotor iron core, and the rotor (2) moves linearly along a guide rail (7). The permanent magnet motor is characterized in that two polarity permanent magnets (3) and (4) with the magnetizing directions perpendicular to the moving direction are arrayed on the stator iron core (5), the magnetizing strength of the permanent magnets in the x direction is distributed in an exponential mode from the middle to two sides, a magnetic conduction iron core (6) and magnetic isolation aluminum sheets (10), and the permanent magnets (3) and (4), the magnetic conduction iron core (4), the magnetic isolation aluminum sheets (10) and the stator iron core (5) are fixed into a whole.

The rotor (2) is symmetrical in upper and lower structure, and the winding directions of the rotor direct current windings (9) are opposite, so that two complete magnetic circuits are formed when the motor runs. The guide rail (7) comprises a non-magnetic stainless steel block (12), and the stator core (5) is connected with the guide rail (7) through a non-magnetic medium (13) to ensure that no closed magnetic circuit exists in the x direction.

The invention further adopts the technical improvement scheme that:

the stator (1) is composed of a stator iron core (5), permanent magnets (3) and (4) and an insulating material (10), a magnetic conducting iron core (4) is removed, each permanent magnet is tiled on the whole iron core in the y direction, and the stability of the motor in the y direction during operation is further guaranteed.

The invention further adopts the technical improvement scheme that:

the stator (1) comprises a stator iron core (5), permanent magnets (3) and (4), a magnetic conduction material (6) and an insulation material (10). Wherein permanent magnet (3), (4), magnetic material (6), structural deformation, every permanent magnet and magnetic material are "protruding" type from the centre to both sides and reduce, and improvement scheme makes the motor more steady in operation in-process x direction.

The invention further adopts the technical improvement scheme that:

the stator (1) comprises a stator iron core (5), permanent magnets (3) and (4), a magnetic conduction material (6) and an insulation material (10). Wherein permanent magnet (3), (4), magnetic material (6), structural deformation, each permanent magnet and magnetic material are the spline curve from the centre to both sides and reduce, and improvement scheme makes the motor X direction more steady in the operation.

The invention further adopts the technical improvement scheme that:

the mechanical guide rail (7) is improved into an air-float guide rail, so that the friction loss generated in the running process of the motor is reduced.

The invention further adopts the technical improvement scheme that:

the stator (1) comprises a stator iron core (5), permanent magnets (3) and (4), a magnetic conduction material (6) and an insulation material (10). The stator (1) is not symmetrical in the vertical structure in the z direction any more, N, S poles on the front and back surfaces of the stator in the initial scheme are in the same position, and two permanent magnets on the front and back surfaces of the stator in the improved scheme are opposite in polarity. Meanwhile, the winding directions of the upper side and the lower side of the rotor direct current winding (9) are correspondingly changed, the winding directions of the upper part and the lower part of the rotor direct current winding (9) in the initial scheme are opposite, and the winding directions of the upper part and the lower part of the rotor direct current winding (9) in the improved scheme are consistent.

The invention further adopts the technical improvement scheme that:

the rotor (2) comprises a rotor iron core (9) and a rotor direct current winding (10), wherein the rotor iron core (9) is not formed by an upper iron core and a lower iron core which are symmetrical, but is staggered by 45 degrees from the vertical direction on the original basis and is used for controlling the motion direction of the rotor iron core.

The invention further adopts the technical improvement scheme that:

the rotor (2) comprises a rotor iron core (9) and a rotor direct current winding (10), wherein the rotor iron core (9) is not composed of an upper symmetrical iron core and a lower symmetrical iron core, but the upper rotor iron core and the lower rotor iron core are respectively provided with two rotor iron cores for accurately controlling the motion direction of the rotor iron core.

Compared with the prior art, the scheme has the following obvious advantages:

firstly, the rotor coil is sleeved on the rotor mandrel, two sides of the mandrel are lapped with the guide rail, the rotor coil is positioned in an annular air gap in front of the stator core and the magnetic guide rail, and when direct current is introduced into the rotor, a strong uniform magnetic loop is formed among the stator core, the rotor mandrel and the guide rail.

The direct current linear motor provided by the invention has the characteristics of novel structure, ingenious design and different principle from the motor in the prior art.

And thirdly, the rotor coil is convenient to manufacture and low in manufacturing cost.

And fourthly, the invention does not need to open the slot, and the coil is not required to be embedded into the slot, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.

And fifthly, the invention adopts an open magnetic circuit structure, can effectively avoid the saturation of a magnetic circuit and increase the average thrust in the whole stroke.

Sixth, the structure of the invention is overall symmetrical, can reduce the vibration and noise brought by vibration in the course of moving.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an isometric illustration of an initial structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view and a front view of a modified form of the permanent magnet distribution of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a top view and a front view of a chamfer modification of the permanent magnet configuration of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a top view and a front view of a rounded corner modification of the permanent magnet structure of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a top view and a front view of a spline curve modification of the permanent magnet structure of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a plan view and a front view of a rotor core structure modification of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a plan view and a front view of a further improved structure of a mover core of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The principle on which the invention is based:

magnetic resistance minimum principle: the scheme provides a novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor, the magnetic resistance of each magnetic circuit of the motor changes along with the position of a rotor, so that the magnetic field energy of the motor also changes along with the position of the rotor, the magnetic energy is converted into mechanical energy, the principle of the stepping motor is realized, and the stepping motor follows the 'minimum magnetic resistance principle', namely, the magnetic flux is always closed along the path with the minimum magnetic resistance. When the shaped iron core is moved to the position of minimum magnetic resistance, its main axis must be coincident with the main axis of the magnetic field. When the stator is excited by the permanent magnet, the generated magnetic force tries to move the rotor to a position where the pole axis of the rotor is overlapped with the pole axis of the stator, so that the equivalent inductance of excitation reaches the maximum value. If the position of the stator and the rotor in fig. 2 is taken as the initial position, two types of direct current, positive and negative, are sequentially supplied to the rotor coil, and the rotor can realize linear motion along the guide rail.

The principle of linear motion: when the rotor is at the initial position, direct current is not conducted into the rotor coil, and according to the minimum magnetic resistance principle, the rotor can be automatically positioned at the central position of the permanent magnet, so that the positioning effect is good. The isometric view of the original structure of fig. 2 shows the energizing pattern of the coils of the mover at a specific position, and it can be seen that when the mover does not reach the center position of the permanent magnet at the shown position, the energizing pattern of the coils is shown in the figure in order to ensure the generation of the closed magnetic circuit. When the rotor reaches the central position, if the rotor wants to continue to move forwards along the guide rail in a linear mode, the coil of the rotor is electrified with reverse direct current, and if the rotor wants to be static and does not continue to move forwards any more, the electrification can be stopped or the direct current in the current direction can be continuously electrified.

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a structural schematic diagram of a novel hybrid dc flat stepping linear motor, as shown in fig. 1. A novel hybrid direct-current flat stepping linear motor comprises a stator assembly, a rotor assembly in sliding fit with the stator assembly and a guide rail. Stator module includes the permanent magnet, magnetic material, insulating material, the three tiles at stator core plane, the distribution in turn, zonulae occludens between the material, there is not the space, place non-magnetic material between stator module and the guide rail, avoid the formation of horizontal closed magnetic circuit, non-magnetic insulating material can demolish with specific mode, but need guarantee the stable connection between stator and the guide rail when the motor operation, the guide rail both sides are connected with non-magnetic stainless steel piece, in order to avoid the saturation of magnetic circuit, improve the thrust when the motor operation.

Fig. 2 shows the energizing mode of the coil of the mover at a specific position, and the coil energizing mode is shown in the figure in order to ensure the generation of a closed magnetic circuit when the mover does not reach the central position of the permanent magnet. When the rotor reaches the central position, if the rotor wants to continue to move forwards along the guide rail in a linear mode, the coil of the rotor is electrified with reverse direct current, and if the rotor wants to be static and does not continue to move forwards any more, the electrification can be stopped or the direct current in the current direction can be continuously electrified.

In this embodiment, the permanent magnets and the magnetic conductive material, whose magnetizing directions are perpendicular to the moving direction, are closely arranged on the stator core, as shown in fig. 1, the bias magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets forms a closed loop only in the stator core, the magnetic guide rail, the mover core and the air gap, so as to generate the bias magnetic flux, and the bias magnetic field is distributed in the y direction, so that the power consumption of the motor can be reduced.

The stator iron core, the rotor iron core and the guide rail main body part are made of magnetic conductive materials, and cast iron is adopted in the embodiment.

The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.