阅读说明：本技术 一种山桐子毛油的制备方法 (Preparation method of idesia polycarpa crude oil ) 是由 张驰松 张玉林 狄飞达 刘一静 冯骏 于 2020-06-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种山桐子毛油的制备方法,解决了现有山桐子毛油生产技术中,成本高,安全性低,残油率高,制备出的毛油质量差的问题。所述山桐子毛油的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)微波耦合滚筒式热风炒料预处理；(2)研磨；(3)调浆；(4)一次提取；(5)二次提取。本发明提供的上述山桐子毛油的制备方法,能够降低制备过程中的安全隐患,节约原料的成本,提高原料的利用率,减少残油率,提高出油率,保证生产出的毛油质量。(The invention provides a preparation method of idesia polycarpa crude oil, and solves the problems of high cost, low safety, high residual oil rate and poor quality of prepared crude oil in the existing idesia polycarpa crude oil production technology. The preparation method of the idesia polycarpa crude oil comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the microwave coupling drum type hot air fried material; (2) grinding; (3) mixing slurry; (4) primary extraction; (5) and (5) secondary extraction. The preparation method of the idesia polycarpa crude oil provided by the invention can reduce potential safety hazards in the preparation process, save the cost of raw materials, improve the utilization rate of the raw materials, reduce the residual oil rate, improve the oil yield and ensure the quality of the produced crude oil.)

1. A preparation method of idesia polycarpa crude oil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) frying method

Parching semen idesia to cooked;

(2) grinding

Grinding the idesia polycarpa fried to be cooked in the step (1) into slurry to obtain idesia polycarpa slurry;

(3) size mixing

Mixing the idesia polycarpa pulp obtained in the step (2) with salt and citric acid to obtain mixed idesia polycarpa pulp;

(4) extracting at one time

Adding water and an organic solvent I into the mixed idesia polycarpa pulp obtained in the step (3) to extract grease, so as to obtain the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted for one time;

(5) secondary extraction

Adding an organic solvent II into the residue slurry obtained after the idesia polycarpa slurry in the step (4) is subjected to grease extraction, and extracting grease to obtain secondary extracted idesia polycarpa crude oil; and (4) mixing the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted twice and the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted once in the step (4) to obtain the idesia polycarpa crude oil.

2. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: screening and rinsing steps are also included before the stir-frying in the step (1); the screening is to remove black fruits, bad fruits and coarse impurities in idesia polycarpa; and the rinsing is to wash the screened idesia polycarpa with water.

3. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the frying in the step (1) sequentially comprises microwave pretreatment and roller type hot air frying; the microwave pretreatment is to fry for 15-20 minutes by using a tunnel type microwave dryer to adjust the microwave power to 5.2-5.6 kW; and (3) after 1.5-2.5 hours, carrying out drum-type hot air frying, wherein the drum-type hot air frying is carried out for 25-35 minutes by using a drum-type hot air frying machine, and when the temperature of the fried idesia polycarpa reaches 190-.

4. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of the cold water is 2-5% of the mass of the idesia polycarpa.

5. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a smoke raising step is also arranged between the frying step (1) and the grinding step (2), and the smoke raising step is to immediately use a smoke raising machine to radiate the fried idesia polycarpa to 70-80 ℃.

6. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the grinding in the step (2), a stone mill or a carborundum wheel pulping machine is adopted for grinding, the grinding temperature is controlled to be 65-70 ℃, the grinding speed is controlled to be 25-35 r/min, and the fried idesia polycarpa fruits are uniformly added during grinding.

7. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the mass of the added salt and citric acid is 1.5-2.5% of the mass of the idesia polycarpa, and after the size mixing is finished, the salt is continuously added to adjust the pH value of the mixed idesia polycarpa to 5.8-6.2.

8. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the first organic solvent is ethanol solution; the total weight of the added water is 80-85 percent of the weight of the idesia polycarpa pulp, and the water is added into the idesia polycarpa pulp for four times, and the water temperature of each time of water addition is 90-100 ℃; adding water with the total water amount of 60-65% into the idesia polycarpa pulp when adding water for the first time, and stirring for 45-55 minutes by using a high-speed shear tank at the temperature of 70-80 ℃; adding water with the total water amount of 20-25% and ethanol solution with the weight 1.8-2.2 times of that of the idesia polycarpa pulp into the idesia polycarpa pulp when adding water for the second time, and stirring for 45-55 minutes by using a high-speed shear tank under the condition that the temperature is 55-65 ℃; adding water with the total water amount of 15-20% into the idesia polycarpa pulp when adding water for the third time, and stirring for 15-25 minutes by using a high-speed shear tank at the temperature of 45-55 ℃; adding the rest water into the idesia polycarpa pulp when adding water for the fourth time, and stirring for 55-75 minutes by using a high-speed shear tank under the condition that the temperature is 55-65 ℃.

9. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after stirring, centrifuging the idesia polycarpa pulp for 2-4min by using a three-legged centrifuge to obtain a crude idesia polycarpa oil product extracted for one time, and reserving an oil layer of 7-9mm on the surface of the remaining idesia polycarpa pulp after centrifuging; and centrifuging the crude idesia polycarpa crude oil obtained by the primary extraction for 4-6min by using a disc centrifuge to obtain the primary extracted idesia polycarpa crude oil.

10. The method for preparing the idesia polycarpa crude oil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the secondary extraction in the step (5), the organic solvent II is n-hexane; adding n-hexane into the remaining idesia polycarpa residue slurry subjected to the primary extraction treatment in the step (4), fully mixing uniformly, stirring, and centrifuging for 2-4min by using a three-legged centrifuge to obtain a secondary extracted crude idesia polycarpa oil; centrifuging the crude product of the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted for the second time for 4-6min by a disc centrifuge to obtain the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted for the second time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of idesia polycarpa crude oil.

Background

Edible oils are an indispensable part of the human diet. According to statistics, the total consumption of grease in 2014 worldwide is 1.74 hundred million t, which is equivalent to the consumption of 24.18 kg/a per person. In 2014, the edible oil consumption in China is 2989 ten thousand and the average human consumption is 21.85 kg/a.

At present, common production methods of edible oil include a squeezing method, a solvent leaching method, a pre-squeezing leaching method and the like. The squeezing method is a method of using physical squeezing mode, and through the processes of material selection, roasting, physical squeezing and the like, the grease in the oil material is oozed out under the extrusion of mechanical force. The method has the advantages of retained flavor of edible oil and little environmental pollution. However, the biggest defect is that the cake oil residue rate is high (5% -7%), and the heat treatment time is long, so that the protein denaturation is serious, and the protein resource is seriously wasted. The solvent leaching method is to utilize the principle that a solvent (usually six-grade light gasoline or normal hexane) is similar to and compatible with oil, fully soak oil at high temperature, dissolve out the oil, and obtain the finished oil through five-removal process (namely degumming, deacidification, decoloration, dehydration and deodorization). The advantage of the solvent leaching process is the high oil yield (> 96%), which is not comparable to other processes. But has the disadvantages that the crude oil quality is poor, the subsequent complicated refining treatment is needed, and the excessive refining can cause the generation of harmful substances such as trans-fatty acid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the like; and solvent overflow is inevitable during leaching and desolventizing, so that the method can cause harm to human bodies and the environment. Currently, n-hexane has been classified as a hazardous air pollutant by the U.S. environmental protection agency. The pre-squeezing and leaching method is a process of cooking, frying and squeezing oil, squeezing out a part (about 70%) of grease by an oil press, and then leaching out the rest of grease in the squeezed cake by a solvent. The method has the advantages of both squeezing and solvent methods, has more economic competitiveness, and still cannot avoid potential safety hazards possibly brought by solvents.

With the continuous improvement of the requirements of people on the full utilization of resources, green processing and food quality safety, the development of a novel edible oil extraction technology which is environment-friendly, healthy and efficient is very necessary, so that the exploration and research of a new edible oil extraction and processing technology are continuously carried out from the 50 s of the 20 th century.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an efficient preparation method of idesia polycarpa crude oil, and aims to solve the problems of high cost, low safety, high residual oil rate and poor quality of prepared crude oil in the existing idesia polycarpa crude oil production technology. The technical effects that can be produced by the preferred technical scheme in the technical schemes provided by the invention are described in detail in the following.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a preparation method of idesia polycarpa crude oil, which comprises the following steps:

(1) frying method

Parching semen idesia to cooked;

(2) grinding

Grinding the idesia polycarpa fried to be cooked in the step (1) into slurry to obtain idesia polycarpa slurry;

(3) size mixing

Mixing the idesia polycarpa pulp obtained in the step (2) with salt and citric acid to obtain mixed idesia polycarpa pulp;

(4) extracting at one time

Adding water and an organic solvent I into the mixed idesia polycarpa pulp obtained in the step (3) to extract grease, so as to obtain the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted for one time;

(5) secondary extraction

Adding an organic solvent II into the residue slurry obtained after the idesia polycarpa slurry in the step (4) is subjected to grease extraction, and extracting grease to obtain secondary extracted idesia polycarpa crude oil; and (4) mixing the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted twice and the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted once in the step (4) to obtain the idesia polycarpa crude oil.

Further, screening and rinsing steps are also included before the stir-frying in the step (1); the screening is to remove black fruits, bad fruits and coarse impurities in idesia polycarpa; the rinsing is to wash the screened idesia polycarpa with water; thereby removing the tiny impurities on the surface of the screened idesia polycarpa.

Further, the frying in the step (1) sequentially comprises microwave pretreatment and roller type hot air frying; firstly, because the idesia polycarpa has high water content, microwave pretreatment with higher firepower is adopted, and the microwave pretreatment is to fry for 15-20 minutes by adjusting the microwave power to 5.2-5.6kW by using a tunnel type microwave dryer; after 1.5-2.5 hours, performing drum-type hot air frying for 25-35 minutes by using a drum-type hot air frying machine, and frequently turning over and stirring during drum-type hot air frying, so that moisture in the idesia polycarpa and smoke generated in the frying process are easily emitted, scorching is prevented, and the condition that the idesia polycarpa is not cooked uniformly is avoided; and when the temperature of the fried idesia polycarpa reaches 190-200 ℃, cold water is poured into the idesia polycarpa for sharp cooling, so that the temperature of the idesia polycarpa is reduced to 140-150 ℃, and the idesia polycarpa is taken out of the pot immediately.

Furthermore, the addition amount of the cold water is 2-5% of the mass of the idesia polycarpa.

Furthermore, smoke raising is arranged between the frying in the step (1) and the grinding in the step (2), and the smoke raising is to immediately use a smoke raising machine to radiate the shock-cooled idesia polycarpa to 70-80 ℃ after the shock-cooled idesia polycarpa is taken out of the pot, so that the possibility of scorching of the idesia polycarpa is avoided.

Further, in the grinding in the step (2), a stone grinder or a carborundum wheel refiner is adopted for grinding, the grinding temperature is controlled to be 65-70 ℃, the grinding rotating speed is controlled to be 25-35 r/min, when the temperature is too low, the grinding cannot be fine, and when the rotating speed is too high or the temperature is too high, the fragrance of the finally produced idesia polycarpa crude oil can be influenced; the grinding is careful, the cell disruption of idesia polycarpa is fully destroyed, and the separation of grease is facilitated; during grinding, the fried idesia polycarpa is added uniformly to prevent empty grinding.

Further, in the step (3), the mass of the added salt and citric acid is 1.5-2.5% of the mass of the idesia polycarpa, and after the size mixing is finished, the salt is continuously added to adjust the pH value of the mixed idesia polycarpa to 5.8-6.2.

Further, in the step (4), in one extraction, the first organic solvent is an ethanol solution; the total weight of the added water is 80-85 percent of the weight of the idesia polycarpa pulp, and the water is added into the idesia polycarpa pulp for four times, and the water temperature of each time of water addition is 90-100 ℃; adding water with the total water amount of 60-65% into the idesia polycarpa pulp when adding water for the first time, then stirring for 45-55 minutes by using a high-speed shear tank under the condition that the temperature is 70-80 ℃, otherwise, the stirring time is too short, so that the idesia polycarpa pulp is easy to agglomerate, adding ethanol solution with the total water amount of 20-25% and the weight of 1.8-2.2 times of the idesia polycarpa pulp into the idesia polycarpa pulp when adding water for the second time, and stirring for 45-55 minutes by using the high-speed shear tank under the condition that the temperature is 55-65 ℃; adding water with the total water amount of 15-20% into the idesia polycarpa pulp when adding water for the third time, and stirring for 15-25 minutes by using a high-speed shear tank at the temperature of 45-55 ℃; adding the rest water into the idesia polycarpa pulp when adding water for the fourth time, and stirring for 55-75 minutes by using a high-speed shear tank under the condition that the temperature is 55-65 ℃.

Further, after stirring, centrifuging the idesia polycarpa pulp for 2-4min by using a three-legged centrifuge to obtain a crude idesia polycarpa oil product extracted for one time, and after centrifuging, reserving an oil layer of 7-9mm on the surface of the rest idesia polycarpa pulp to prevent the rest idesia polycarpa slag pulp from being cooled too fast; and centrifuging the crude idesia polycarpa crude oil obtained by the primary extraction for 4-6min by using a disc centrifuge to obtain the primary extracted idesia polycarpa crude oil.

Further, in the secondary extraction in the step (5), the organic solvent II is n-hexane; adding n-hexane into the remaining idesia polycarpa residue slurry subjected to the primary extraction treatment in the step (4), fully mixing uniformly, stirring, and centrifuging for 2-4min by using a three-legged centrifuge to obtain a secondary extracted crude idesia polycarpa oil; centrifuging the crude product of the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted for the second time for 4-6min by a disc centrifuge to obtain the idesia polycarpa crude oil extracted for the second time.

Based on the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention can at least produce the following technical effects:

(1) according to the preparation method of the idesia polycarpa crude oil, water is mainly used as a medium in the primary extraction in the step (4), ethanol is used as an extracting agent, and the water and the ethanol are low in price and convenient to purchase, so that the cost is saved; and the ethanol and the water are nontoxic and harmless substances, so that the safety in the preparation process is improved, and the potential safety hazard is reduced.

(2) The preparation method of the idesia polycarpa crude oil provided by the invention has the advantages that in the microwave pretreatment and drum-type hot air frying processes, the treatment time is short, and the protein denaturation in idesia polycarpa is not easy to cause, so that the quality of the produced idesia polycarpa crude oil is ensured.

(3) According to the preparation method of the idesia polycarpa crude oil, provided by the invention, n-hexane with high extraction efficiency is adopted for extraction, so that residual oil in idesia polycarpa slurry residue can be fully extracted, the residual oil amount is reduced, the oil yield is improved, the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and the cost is saved.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.