阅读说明：本技术 一种高海拔铁路隧道口紧急救援站的设计方法及系统 (Design method and system for high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station ) 是由 李琦 曹雄智 杨畅 张青青 魏伟 李敏 熊晓玲 王雪 朱乔 于 2021-07-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种高海拔铁路隧道隧道口紧急救援站设计方法及系统,设计方法包括：构建隧道口紧急救援站的几何模型,几何模型包括避难空间、横通道和疏散站台,横通道连接在两座主隧道之间,横通道与主隧道连接处设置有防护门；避难空间设置于横通道中部；疏散站台设置在隧道内部；获取平行隧道的建设参数、通过主隧道的列车参数、人员疏散速度以及主隧道的空气质量参数统计数据；构建隧道口紧急救援站人员疏散动态模型；获取隧道口紧急救援站的结构设计参数,设计隧道口紧急救援站。本发明使建设在高海拔铁路隧道口的紧急救援站结构类型能够保障列车人员的疏散环境安全,降低灾害对疏散人员的危害,为高海拔铁路隧道防灾疏散救援建设提供技术支撑。(The invention discloses a design method and a system for a tunnel portal emergency rescue station of a high-altitude railway tunnel, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: constructing a geometric model of a tunnel portal emergency rescue station, wherein the geometric model comprises a refuge space, a transverse channel and an evacuation platform, the transverse channel is connected between two main tunnels, and a protective door is arranged at the joint of the transverse channel and the main tunnels; the refuge space is arranged in the middle of the transverse channel; the evacuation platform is arranged inside the tunnel; acquiring construction parameters of parallel tunnels, train parameters passing through a main tunnel, personnel evacuation speed and air quality parameter statistical data of the main tunnel; constructing a dynamic model for people evacuation at a tunnel portal emergency rescue station; and obtaining structural design parameters of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station, and designing the tunnel portal emergency rescue station. The invention ensures that the structural type of the emergency rescue station constructed at the high-altitude railway tunnel portal can ensure the evacuation environmental safety of train personnel, reduces the harm of disasters to the evacuated personnel and provides technical support for the disaster prevention, evacuation and rescue construction of the high-altitude railway tunnel.)

1. A design method for an emergency rescue station at a tunnel portal of a high-altitude railway is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

constructing a geometric model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station, wherein the geometric model comprises a refuge space, a transverse channel and an evacuation platform, the transverse channel is connected between the two tunnels and used for communicating the two tunnels, and a protective door is arranged at the joint of the transverse channel and the main tunnel; the refuge space is arranged in the middle of the transverse channel; the evacuation platform is arranged inside the tunnel;

Acquiring the construction parameters of the tunnel, the train parameters passing through the tunnel, the evacuation speed and the air quality parameter statistical data of the tunnel;

constructing a dynamic evacuation model of people at the tunnel portal emergency rescue station based on the geometric model, the construction parameters, the train parameters, the evacuation speed and the air quality parameters;

and calculating the structural design parameters of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station based on the dynamic personnel evacuation model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station, and designing the tunnel portal emergency rescue station.

2. The high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transverse passage is provided with a gentle slope section, and the gradient of the gentle slope section is 12%.

3. The high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the construction parameters comprise the length and the section size of the tunnel; the train parameters at least comprise train formation number, train length, train passing speed, train standard and overload passenger number, and age and gender of passengers.

4. The high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the construction of the dynamic model for people evacuation in the tunnel portal emergency rescue station comprises the following steps:

Constructing a train model based on the train parameter, the evacuation speed, and the air quality parameter;

designing and constructing a tunnel portal emergency rescue station model based on the parameters of the transverse channel, wherein the length of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station model comprises an open line segment length and two end tunnel portal segment lengths, and the sum of the open line segment length and the tunnel portal segment length of the tunnel at any one end is not less than the train length;

setting the widths of a plurality of guard doors and the number of dredging personnel based on the train parameters and the tunnel portal emergency rescue station model, respectively calculating the necessary safe evacuation time T1 for personnel evacuation, obtaining the minimum guard door width and the optimal guard door width, and fitting and deriving a relation curve and a relation calculation formula between the number of dredging personnel and the width of the guard doors;

setting the intervals of a plurality of transverse channels and the number of dredging personnel based on the width of the optimal protective door, respectively calculating the necessary safe evacuation time T2 for personnel evacuation, obtaining the maximum transverse channel interval and the optimal transverse channel interval, and fitting and deriving a relation curve and a relation calculation formula of the number of dredging personnel and the transverse channel interval;

and setting the platform width and the dredging personnel number of the tunnel portal emergency rescue stations based on the optimal guard door width and the optimal transverse channel distance, respectively calculating the necessary safe evacuation time T3 for personnel evacuation, obtaining the minimum platform width and the optimal platform width, and fitting and deriving a relation curve and a relation calculation formula of the dredging personnel number and the platform width.

5. The high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of constructing a dynamic evacuation model of people at a tunnel portal emergency rescue station, and obtaining the length l of a refuge space and the area capacity A of the refuge space, wherein the length l of the refuge space is the length of the emergency rescue station minus the length of an open segment, and the area A of the refuge space is represented by the following formula and is larger than the number of passengers P multiplied by 0.5m²，

A＝4*(2Y-2L)，

Wherein Y represents the train length and L represents the open line segment length.

6. The high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: obtaining structural design parameters of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station, wherein the design of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station comprises the following steps:

according to the demand of the number of people to be evacuated, calculating the minimum guard door width, the maximum transverse channel interval and the minimum platform width based on a relational calculation formula between the number of dredging personnel and the width of the guard door, a relational calculation formula between the number of dredging personnel and the transverse channel interval and a relational calculation formula between the number of dredging personnel and the platform width; calculating the optimal width of a protection door, the optimal distance between transverse channels and the optimal platform width;

Calculating the length L of a refuge space based on the length of the train and the length L of the open line according to the design length requirement of an emergency rescue station;

and calculating to obtain the minimum area of the refuge space by adopting a calculation formula of the area capacity A of the refuge space according to the refuge space requirement of the evacuated people.

7. The high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the calculation model of the structural design parameters is as follows:

the minimum guard gate width: d₁＝0.4147e^0.0677PIn the formula, D₁In order to minimize the width of the guard door,

the optimal guard gate width: d₂＝0.3918e^0.0912PIn the formula, D₂In order to optimize the width of the guard door,

the maximum transverse channel spacing: r₁＝1752.1e^-0.152PIn the formula, R₁The maximum distance between the transverse channels is the maximum distance,

the optimal cross channel spacing: r₂＝440.68e^-0.107PIn the formula, R₂For the purpose of optimizing the cross-channel spacing,

the minimum station width: s₁＝0.6888e^0.0497PIn the formula, S₁The width of the station is the minimum width of the station,

the optimal platform width: s₂＝0.704e^0.0558PIn the formula, S₂For optimal platform width.

8. The design method of the high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the open segment length is less than 250 m.

9. A tunnel portal emergency rescue station design system for implementing the tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring tunnel construction parameters which at least comprise tunnel length and section size; the train parameters of the tunnel passing comprise at least the number of train groups passing through, the length of the train, the passing speed of the train, the standard of the train, the number of overloaded passengers, the age and the sex of the passengers; statistical data of evacuation speed and air quality parameters of the high-altitude tunnel;

And the design module is used for constructing a dynamic personnel evacuation model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station according to the statistical data acquired by the data acquisition module, constructing a structural calculation model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station and determining design parameters of the structure of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of railway engineering construction in high-altitude areas, in particular to a method and a system for designing an emergency rescue station at a tunnel portal of a high-altitude railway.

Background

With the rapid increase of the economy of China, in order to promote the economic development of western plateau regions, improve the regional railway network layout and improve the living standard of people of all families along the line, the high-altitude railway tunnel is rapidly developed, the growth of western mountain regions and the large-scale tunnel group number are increased, the tunnel engineering construction leading to the high-altitude regions is rapidly developed, and more high-altitude long tunnels are generated. Due to the particularity of high-altitude tunnel engineering, in order to ensure the safety of long and large tunnel operation, the research on disaster prevention and rescue of high-altitude long and large tunnels is more and more paid attention. With the establishment and operation of more and more high-altitude railway tunnels with the length exceeding 20km, the research on the disaster prevention and rescue problem when the high-altitude area tunnels are in fire is reluctant. The construction cost of the disaster prevention and rescue facilities of the emergency rescue station in the high-altitude tunnel is high, the tunnel portal emergency rescue station cross channel is used as the design key of the disaster prevention and rescue facilities of the long and large railway tunnel, and whether the structural parameters of the rescue and evacuation facilities can guarantee the safe evacuation of people to the maximum extent through the optimization design becomes the basis and the key of the structural design of the emergency rescue station.

At present, the research of tunnel disaster prevention and rescue measures by related researchers at home and abroad mainly focuses on the research of structures and equipment of emergency rescue stations and emergency shelters in plain tunnels, the research on the structural design of evacuation facilities of emergency rescue stations at tunnel portals of high-altitude railways is less, and the regulations on tunnel disaster prevention and rescue facilities in national design specifications are only limited to the description of emergency rescue stations at tunnel portals at low altitude. Related research on emergency rescue stations at tunnel portals of high-altitude railways is almost absent, and the reasonability and the safety and reliability of design parameters of evacuation facilities of tunnels are not proved. As the high-altitude environment belongs to the climate condition of low pressure, oxygen deficiency and low temperature, the evacuation capacity of people can be reduced due to oxygen deficiency or altitude reaction during evacuation, and researches show that the evacuation capacity of people in motion is equal to 70% of the evacuation capacity of people at low altitude when the altitude is more than 4000m, so that the reasonable design of the high-altitude tunnel disaster prevention evacuation rescue engineering is very important for the safe operation of high-speed railways.

Therefore, a design method for an encrypted transverse channel type tunnel portal emergency rescue station with an evacuation space for a high-altitude railway is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method and a tunnel portal emergency rescue station design system, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that the structural type of the emergency rescue station constructed at a tunnel portal of a high-altitude railway can ensure the evacuation environmental safety of train personnel, reduce the harm of disasters to the evacuated personnel and provide technical support for disaster prevention, evacuation and rescue construction of the high-altitude railway tunnel.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a design method of a tunnel portal emergency rescue station, which comprises the following steps:

constructing a geometric model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station, wherein the geometric model comprises a refuge space, a transverse channel and an evacuation platform, the transverse channel is connected between the two tunnels and used for communicating the two tunnels, and a protective door is arranged at the joint of the transverse channel and the main tunnel; the refuge space is arranged in the middle of the transverse channel; the evacuation platform is arranged inside the tunnel

Acquiring construction parameters of the parallel tunnel, train parameters passing through the tunnel, evacuation speed and air quality parameter statistical data of the tunnel;

constructing a dynamic evacuation model of people at the tunnel portal emergency rescue station based on the geometric model, the construction parameters, the train parameters, the evacuation speed and the air quality parameters;

and acquiring structural design parameters of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station based on the dynamic personnel evacuation model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station, and designing the tunnel portal emergency rescue station.

Preferably, the transverse channel is provided with a gentle slope section, and the gradient of the gentle slope section is 12%.

Preferably, the construction parameters include tunnel length and section size; the train parameters at least comprise train formation number, train length, train passing speed, train standard and overload passenger number, and age and gender of passengers.

Preferably, the building of the dynamic model for people evacuation at the tunnel portal emergency rescue station comprises:

constructing a train model based on the train parameter, the evacuation speed, and the air quality parameter;

designing and constructing a tunnel portal emergency rescue station model based on the parameters of the transverse channel, wherein the length of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station model comprises an open line segment length and two end tunnel portal segment lengths, and the sum of the open line segment length and the tunnel portal segment length of the tunnel at any one end is not less than the train length;

setting the widths of a plurality of guard doors and the number of dredging personnel based on the train parameters and the tunnel portal emergency rescue station model, respectively calculating the necessary safe evacuation time T1 for personnel evacuation, obtaining the minimum guard door width and the optimal guard door width, and fitting and deriving a relation curve and a relation calculation formula between the number of dredging personnel and the width of the guard doors;

setting the intervals of a plurality of transverse channels and the number of dredging personnel based on the width of the optimal protective door, respectively calculating the necessary safe evacuation time T2 for personnel evacuation, obtaining the maximum transverse channel interval and the optimal transverse channel interval, and fitting and deriving a relation curve and a relation calculation formula of the number of dredging personnel and the transverse channel interval;

And setting the platform width and the dredging personnel number of the tunnel portal emergency rescue stations based on the optimal guard door width and the optimal transverse channel distance, respectively calculating the necessary safe evacuation time T3 for personnel evacuation, obtaining the minimum platform width and the optimal platform width, and fitting and deriving a relation curve and a relation calculation formula of the dredging personnel number and the platform width.

Preferably, the building of the dynamic evacuation model for persons at the tunnel portal emergency rescue station further comprises obtaining a refuge space length l and a refuge space area capacity a, wherein the refuge space length l is obtained by subtracting the length of an open segment from the length of the emergency rescue station, and the refuge space area a is represented by the following formula and is larger than the number of persons in a train P multiplied by 0.5m²，

A＝4*(2Y-2L)，

Wherein Y represents the train length and L represents the open line segment length.

Preferably, the obtaining of the structural design parameters of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station, and the designing of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station includes:

according to the demand of the number of people to be evacuated, calculating the minimum guard door width, the maximum transverse channel interval and the minimum platform width based on a relational calculation formula between the number of dredging personnel and the width of the guard door, a relational calculation formula between the number of dredging personnel and the transverse channel interval and a relational calculation formula between the number of dredging personnel and the platform width; calculating the optimal width of a protection door, the optimal distance between transverse channels and the optimal platform width;

Calculating the length L of a refuge space based on the length of the train and the length L of the open line according to the design length requirement of an emergency rescue station;

and calculating to obtain the minimum area of the refuge space by adopting a calculation formula of the area capacity A of the refuge space according to the refuge space requirement of the evacuated people.

Preferably, the calculation model of the structural design parameters is:

the minimum guard gate width: d₁＝0.4147e^0.0677PIn the formula, D₁To a minimumThe width of the protective door is increased,

the optimal guard gate width: d₂＝0.3918e^0.0912PIn the formula, D₂In order to optimize the width of the guard door,

the maximum transverse channel spacing: r₁＝1752.1e^-0.152PIn the formula, R₁The maximum distance between the transverse channels is the maximum distance,

the optimal cross channel spacing: r₂＝440.68e^-0.107PIn the formula, R₂For the purpose of optimizing the cross-channel spacing,

the minimum station width: s₁＝0.6888e^0.0497PIn the formula, S₁The width of the station is the minimum width of the station,

the optimal platform width: s₂＝0.704e^0.0558PIn the formula, S₂For optimal platform width.

Preferably, the open-line segment length is less than 250 m.

The tunnel portal emergency rescue station design system comprises a data acquisition module, a data storage module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring tunnel construction parameters, and the tunnel construction parameters at least comprise tunnel length and section size; the train parameters of the tunnel passing comprise at least the number of train groups passing through, the length of the train, the passing speed of the train, the standard of the train, the number of overloaded passengers, the age and the sex of the passengers; statistical data of evacuation speed and air quality parameters of the high-altitude tunnel;

And the design module is used for constructing a personnel evacuation dynamic model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station according to the statistical data acquired by the data acquisition module, obtaining a structural calculation model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station and determining design parameters of the structure of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

according to the design method and the system for the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal of the high-altitude railway, provided by the invention, the structural design parameters of safe evacuation facilities for different numbers of people are obtained by adopting a numerical calculation method and a numerical calculation model, and the influence of the structural design parameters of the evacuation facilities on the emergency evacuation of the people in the tunnel is fully reflected. The invention provides a structural design method of evacuation facilities of the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal of the high-altitude railway at present, provides scientific basis for the structural design of the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal of the high-altitude railway, enhances the safety and reliability of disaster prevention rescue evacuation of the high-altitude railway tunnel, and realizes economy, reasonability, safety, high efficiency and loss reduction as much as possible.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for designing an emergency rescue station at a tunnel portal of a high-altitude railway according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a geometric model of evacuation of people and a train model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a geometric model of an encrypted cross-channel type tunnel portal emergency rescue station with a refuge space for a high-altitude railway according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of an emergency rescue station with an evacuation space encrypted transverse channel tunnel portal according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an emergency rescue station at a tunnel portal of a high-altitude railway according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the required safe evacuation time RSET according to the width D of the guard gate at the entrance of the cross aisle (different combinations of the distances between the cross aisles) (P is 118 people, and the total number of people is 2124 people);

fig. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the required safe evacuation time RSET with the cross-aisle distance R (different combinations of guard gate widths D) (118 people in P, 2124 people in total);

fig. 8 is a graph showing the change of the necessary safe evacuation time RSET with the platform width S after the guard gate width D is determined to be 3m and the cross aisle spacing R is determined to be 40m according to the embodiment of the present invention (P is 118 people and the total number of people is 2124 people);

FIG. 9 shows a minimum width D of a guard gate at the entrance of a cross passage according to an embodiment of the present invention₁A curve chart along with the change of the number of people evacuated;

FIG. 10 shows the maximum distance R of the transverse channels according to the embodiment of the present invention₁A curve chart along with the change of the number of people evacuated;

FIG. 11 shows the minimum width S of a docking station according to an embodiment of the present invention₁A curve chart along with the change of the number of people evacuated;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention showing an optimal width D of a guard gate at the entrance of a cross passage₂A curve chart along with the change of the number of people evacuated;

FIG. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of the present invention providing an optimal channel spacing R₂A curve chart along with the change of the number of people evacuated;

FIG. 14 shows an optimal width S of a docking station according to an embodiment of the present invention₂A curve chart along with the change of the number of people evacuated;

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

The invention provides a design method of a tunnel portal emergency rescue station, which is shown in figures 1-5. Tunnels are one of the important components of railways, and in recent years the number of them has increased and the length of a single tunnel has also increased. Although the probability of fire disasters and the like in railway tunnels is lower compared with highway tunnels, the railway tunnels are greatly limited in the aspects of ventilation, rapid evacuation of passenger flow and the like due to the fact that the railway tunnels are deeply buried underground and the environment is closed. When emergency accidents and emergency rescue are needed, people are evacuated to the transverse channel from the evacuation platform, and finally wait for rescue in the evacuation space.

In the high-altitude railway construction, the tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method comprises the following steps:

s100: referring to fig. 3 and 5, a geometric model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station is constructed, wherein the geometric model of the emergency rescue station comprises a refuge space, a cross passage and an evacuation platform, the refuge space is arranged in the middle of the cross passage, the cross passage is arranged between two tunnels and used for communicating the two tunnels, a protective door is arranged at the joint of the cross passage and the tunnels, and the cross passage comprises a protective door at the entrance connected with the tunnels and a gentle slope section of the cross passage. The included angle between the gentle slope section of the transverse channel and the horizontal ground is 12 degrees, namely the slope of the gentle slope section of the transverse channel is 12 percent. The evacuation platform is arranged inside the tunnel and connected with the protective door.

S200: determining tunnel construction parameters at least comprising tunnel length and section size, determining train parameters for the tunnel to pass through, at least comprising the number of train marshalling, the length of the train, the passing speed of the train, the train standard, the number of overloaded passengers, the age and the sex of the passengers, determining evacuation speed and statistical data of air quality parameters (such as oxygen content) of the high-altitude tunnel;

s300: and establishing a dynamic personnel evacuation model of the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal of the high-altitude railway, obtaining a structural calculation model of the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal, and determining structural design parameters.

Step S300 specifically includes:

s301, determining the number of people carried by the passenger trains of corresponding models according to the models of the passenger trains, including overload conditions and distribution proportions of men, women, old and young people of different crowds, and determining evacuation speeds of the different crowds under disaster environments, such as fire smoke, dust concentration in tunnels and environmental factors of high altitude, low pressure, oxygen deficiency and low temperature;

s302, determining the number of simulated train carriages and train marshalling according to the train model to obtain the number of seats in each carriage and the number of persons with overload conditions;

s303, establishing a train model according to the number of train vehicles of different vehicle types, the number of persons of each vehicle and the personnel attributes, as shown in FIG. 2;

S304, designing a tunnel portal emergency rescue station building model according to parameters of the transverse channel, and arranging a disaster prevention ventilation system at the tunnel portal, wherein the tunnel portal emergency rescue station building model is suitable for double-hole single-line tunnels (most of ultra-long high altitude tunnels have double-hole single lines). The length of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station comprises the sum of the open line segment and the lengths of the tunnel portal segments at two ends, the sum of the open line segment and the length of the tunnel portal segment at any end is not less than the length of a train, and the length of the open line segment is less than 250 m. Due to the severe weather conditions of the high-altitude environment, the personnel at the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal are evacuated to the transverse channels at the two ends of the tunnel portal under the condition that the fire points are not crossed, enter the refuge space to wait for rescue, and the refuge space is ensured to have good ventilation conditions. Research on plain tunnels according to existing relevant regulations and literature: the height of the longitudinal pedestrian passage platform of the emergency rescue station is not less than 0.3m, and the width of the longitudinal pedestrian passage platform of the emergency rescue station is not less than 2.5 m. According to the method, when the tunnel portal emergency rescue station model parameters are determined, the distance from the carriage floor to the platform is set to be 0.3m to establish the tunnel portal emergency rescue station model.

S305, building a tunnel portal emergency rescue station model, and selecting to set transverse channels in a tunnel at one end of a rescue station at equal intervals to build the model; when the greater number of train personnel is closer to the crosswalk, the greater the requirements on crosswalk spacing and structural dimensions for personnel evacuation.

S306, changing the width of a guard door at the entrance of the transverse passage by utilizing the calculation parameters under the condition of the vehicle model selected in the steps (1), (2) and (3), wherein the width is respectively five parameters of 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m and 3m, recording the necessary safe evacuation time for evacuating people under the condition of each guard door width, and determining the minimum width of the transverse passage guard door under the condition of corresponding number of people by taking the 6min which is not reduced any more and is less than the 6min specified by the industry standard specification as a judgment standard; and then changing the width of the guard door at the entrance of the transverse passage, wherein the width is respectively seven parameters of 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m and 4m, recording the necessary safe evacuation time for evacuating people under the condition of each guard door width, determining the optimal width of the transverse passage guard door under the condition of corresponding number of people by taking the unobvious reduction degree of the necessary safe evacuation time and the phenomenon of no people gathering as the judgment standard, and setting the condition that the number of people in each carriage is the same and is a hard seat carriage for conveniently analyzing the difference of the change of the width of the transverse passage guard door to the necessary safe evacuation time. And selecting the working condition of the number of people, and fitting and deriving a relation curve and a calculation formula of the number of people and the width of the transverse passage protective door.

S307, after the optimal width of the transverse channel protective door is determined, changing the distance between the transverse channels, wherein the distance is respectively five parameters of 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80 m; assuming that the platform width of the emergency rescue station is large enough and the evacuation speed of people is not influenced, then respectively recording the necessary safe evacuation time for evacuation of people under each condition of the distance between the transverse channels, and determining the minimum width of the transverse channel protective door under the condition of corresponding number of people by taking the necessary safe evacuation time which is not reduced any more and is less than 6min as a judgment standard; and then, determining the optimal width of the transverse passage protective door under the condition of corresponding number of people by taking the unobvious reduction degree of the necessary safe evacuation time and no people gathering phenomenon as a judgment standard, and setting the condition that the number of people in each carriage is the same and is a hard-seat carriage for conveniently analyzing the difference of the change of the transverse passage interval on the necessary safe evacuation time. The selected number of people working condition is the working condition that the same number of people is taken from each carriage, and a relation curve and a calculation formula of the number of people and the distance of the transverse channel are fit and derived.

S308, after the optimal width and the optimal distance of the transverse channel guard gate are determined, the platform width of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station is changed, five parameters of 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m and 3.5m are respectively taken, the necessary safe evacuation time for people evacuation under each platform width condition is recorded, and the minimum transverse channel guard gate width under the condition of corresponding people number is determined by taking the necessary safe evacuation time which is not reduced and is less than 6min as a judgment standard; and then, determining the optimal width of the transverse passage protective door under the condition of corresponding number of people by taking the unobvious reduction degree of the necessary safe evacuation time and no people gathering phenomenon as a judgment standard, and setting the condition that the number of people in each carriage is the same and is a hard seat carriage for conveniently analyzing the difference of the change of the platform width to the necessary safe evacuation time. The selected number of people working condition is the working condition that the same number of people is taken by each carriage, and a relation curve and a calculation formula of the number of people and the platform width are fit and derived.

S309, finally determining the length L of the refuge space and the area A of the refuge space, wherein the clearance size of the refuge space is not smaller than 4m x 5m, the established width is 4m, the length is obtained by subtracting the length L of the open line section from the length of the emergency rescue station, the area A of the refuge space is 4 x (2Y-2L), and the requirement that the area A of the refuge space is larger than the number of people Px 0.5m is met². The length of the refuge space is the length (2Y-L) of the emergency rescue station minus the length L of the open line.

And (4) designing the structure of the emergency rescue station at the high-altitude tunnel portal, and designing the structural parameters of the evacuation facility by applying the model calculation formula obtained in the step (S300).

According to the requirement of the number of people to be evacuated, the minimum width D of the protective door of the transverse passage is calculated by adopting a calculation formula of the relation between the number of people and the width of the protective door of the transverse passage and the distance relation between the transverse passages and a calculation formula of the minimum width of the platform₁Maximum distance R of transverse passage₁Platform minimum width S₁(ii) a And calculating the optimal width D of the transverse passage protective door₂Optimum distance R of transverse channel₂Optimal platform width S₂；

Determining the length L of a refuge space by adopting the length Y of the train and the length L of the open line according to the requirement of the design length of the emergency rescue station; and according to the requirement of the refuge space of the evacuated people, calculating to obtain the minimum area A of the refuge space by adopting a calculation formula of the relation between the number of people and the area capacity A of the refuge space.

Further, the invention selects a tunnel as a double-hole single-line tunnel, adopts a standard design section with the speed per hour of 200km/h, adopts a standard passenger train marshalling and the number of personnel corresponding to the speed per hour, adopts the standard passenger train marshalling and the number of personnel corresponding to the speed per hour for the train model, researches the condition that fire occurs in the middle of the train (the most unfavorable condition), and evacuates the personnel after the train stops the fire point in the middle of the open line section, namely the fire point is about 100m away from two holes respectively, and obtains data through Pathfinder simulation software 3D simulation, please refer to FIGS. 6-14, and obtains a calculation model of the structural design parameters of the tunnel entrance emergency rescue station according to the fitting of step S300:

(1) minimum width D of transverse passage protective door in hole₁：D₁＝0.4147e^0.0677P

(2) Optimum width D of transverse passage protective door in hole₂：D₂＝0.3918^e0.0912P

(3) Maximum spacing R of transverse channels in hole₁：R₁＝1752.1e^-0.152P

(4) Optimum spacing R of transverse channels in hole₂：R₂＝440.68e^-0.107P

(5) Minimum platform width S₁：S₁＝0.6888e^0.0497P

(6) Optimal width S of platform₂：S₂＝0.704e^0.0558P

(7) Refuge space length l: L-2Y-2L

(8) Minimum area a of refuge space: a is 4 (2Y-2L) satisfies (A)>P×0.5m²)

Wherein D is₁Is the minimum width of the protective door, in m; d₂For the optimal width of the guard gate, unit m; r₁Is the maximum distance of the transverse channel in m; r ₂The optimal distance of the transverse channels is in m; p is the number of people evacuated, unit 10²A human; s₁Is the minimum width of the station, in m; s₂The optimal width of the platform, unit m; l is the minimum length of the refuge space, and the unit m; a is the minimum area of the refuge space and the unit m²(ii) a The arrangement of the refuge space is determined according to engineering geological conditions. Where the independent variables (known parameters) are: the number of trains P, the length of the train Y and the length of the open line are set as L: (<250m)。

Example 1:

in the embodiment, the tunnel is a double-hole single-line tunnel, the standard design section with the speed per hour of 200km/m is adopted, the train model adopts the standard passenger train marshalling and the number of personnel corresponding to the speed per hour, and the disaster selects the fire. The method for determining the design parameters of the transverse channel structure of the emergency rescue station comprises the following steps:

1) and (3) establishing a dynamic personnel evacuation model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station by utilizing personnel evacuation simulation software Pathfinger as shown in figure 2, and calculating personnel evacuation.

Under the condition of fire, the influence of high-altitude low-pressure oxygen-poor environment on the evacuation speed of people of different ages and sexes in a tunnel is considered, and attribute parameters of evacuated people are determined.

According to the condition that the orderly evacuation speed of people on the flat ground is 0.5-1.5m/s, the evacuation speed of men is 1.2m/s, that of women is 1m/s, that of children is 0.8m/s, and that of the old is 0.72 m/s.

The smoke exists under the condition of fire, the influence on the speed of people is reflected in the value of the extinction coefficient Ks, when Ks is 0.4, people are evacuated to walk like frostbite, the smoke concentration cannot be reached at the initial stage of the fire, and most of smoke is removed outside a tunnel when a train is evacuated at an emergency rescue station at a tunnel portal, so that Ks is 0.3, and the evacuation speed of each crowd in the smoke can be calculated according to the following formula.

In the formula: ks is an extinction coefficient, and parameters alpha and beta are respectively 0.706ms-1 and-0.057 m2s-1, wherein

In a double-hole single-line high-altitude railway tunnel, due to the fact that space in the tunnel is limited, pedestrian passages are narrow, and people need to be evacuated far away from fire sources as far as possible, the evacuation capacity of people in motion is inevitably reduced due to factors such as high-altitude oxygen-deficient low-pressure environment and the like, and the speed of walking on a platform of an emergency rescue station is about 65% of the evacuation speed of people on the plain level based on the investigation of related documents under the high-altitude oxygen-deficient low-pressure condition, so that the evacuation speed of the people is about 65% of the evacuation speed on the plain level when the altitude is more than 3500m, and therefore, the speed reduction coefficient k₂0.65. Therefore, the reduction of the walking speed by 0.65 under the dark and smoke condition is the speed for people evacuation in the high-altitude tunnel portal emergency rescue station fire, and related documents are researched and researched to obtain different altitudes without changing the altitude The evacuation capacity of the people under the same emergency rescue station position condition is reduced by a factor, and the evacuation speed of the people under each working condition is shown in table 1. Finally, the evacuation speed of the 4-class crowd under the altitude condition of 3500m is determined as the characteristic parameter of the people according to the formula (1) and the attenuation coefficient of the evacuation capacity of the people under the high altitude condition, as shown in the following table 2.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

Secondly, establishing a train geometric model and an evacuated personnel dynamic model in Pathfinger: the rescue station has a full length 814m, with a bright line segment 104m extending into the exit section 355m of the left tunnel and into the entrance section 355m of the right tunnel. According to the relevant regulations of the railway tunnel disaster prevention evacuation rescue engineering design specifications, the width of the railway tunnel is determined to select the standard design section size of the double-hole single-track railway tunnel of 200km/m, namely the width is more than 6.5m, according to the design hourly speed condition of the built and planned high-altitude railway tunnel. The size of the clearance section of the refuge shelter is not smaller than 4.0m by 5.0m, a passenger train consisting of 18 carriages is selected as a research object, each carriage is 25.5m, the width of a vehicle door is 1, the total length of the passenger train is 18, and the total length of the passenger train is 459 m.

Personnel evacuation principle and PathFinder follow principle: when people in the fire carriage are evacuated, rescue evacuation is carried out by the shortest evacuation route regardless of collision among individuals.

2) According to 1), building structural parameters of evacuation facilities of different emergency rescue stations, including the distance between transverse channels, the width of a protective door of the transverse channel and the width of a platform, and calculating the evacuation of people under the condition of different design parameters of the evacuation facilities. A schematic plan view and a schematic longitudinal section view of an emergency rescue station at a tunnel portal with an evacuation space encryption transverse channel are respectively shown in figures 3-5.

Modeling aiming at the width D of a transverse channel protective door: and establishing a simulation model with seven parameters of 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 3.5m and 4m of door width.

Modeling the distance R of the transverse channel: and establishing a simulation model with five parameters of 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80m of transverse channel spacing.

Thirdly, modeling aiming at the platform width S: and establishing a simulation model with five parameters of which the platform widths are 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m and 3.5m respectively.

Fourthly, modeling the refuge space area A: the clearance size of the refuge space is not less than 4m x 5m, the width of the refuge space is 4m, the length is obtained by subtracting the length L of the open line from the length of the emergency rescue station, the area A of the refuge space is 4 x (2Y-2L), and the condition that A is more than the number of people p x 0.5m². The slope of the cross passage is 12 degrees at the downhill, the slope of the refuge space is 0, ventilation is needed at the section to meet the breathing state of the evacuated people in the high-altitude low-pressure oxygen-deficient environment, and oxygen deficiency or altitude reaction of the evacuated people after evacuation movement can be relieved and reduced.

3) And determining the necessary safe evacuation time RSET for people evacuation under different structural parameter combinations according to the calculation result.

Firstly, when the last person enters the transverse passage guard gate, the corresponding time is the necessary safe evacuation time RSET for personnel evacuation.

Secondly, the maximum required safe evacuation time is 6min, and structural parameters of the corresponding transverse channel spacing, the width of the protective door and the width of the platform are obtained through simulation and are structural parameters for guaranteeing personnel safety.

Through analysis, the necessary safe evacuation time RSET gradually decreases with the decrease of the guard door width D at the entrance of the cross passage and finally becomes stable, as shown in fig. 6. The necessary safe evacuation time RSET gradually decreases with decreasing cross-lane spacing R and eventually stabilizes, as shown in fig. 7. In addition, the influence of the gradual increase of the platform width S on the evacuation of people is gradually reduced and finally tends to be stable, as shown in FIG. 8.

Determining a fitted curve function of the transverse channel distance and the transverse channel protective door width: determining a curve function D of the minimum width of the protective door of the transverse passage according to the maximum necessary safe evacuation time RSET (5min) for evacuating different numbers of people₁(P) is prepared byAnd maximum distance R of transverse passage₁(P), obtaining the formulas (A) and (B) by respectively carrying out nonlinear fitting on the relationship curves of the width of the guard gate and the distance between the transverse channels and the number of people to be evacuated, as shown in figures 9 and 10. Similarly, a curve function D of the optimal width of the protective door of the transverse passage is determined according to the safe necessary evacuation time RSET (about 4 min) for evacuating different numbers of people ₂(P) and optimum transverse channel spacing R₂(P), obtaining the formulas (C) and (D) by respectively carrying out nonlinear fitting on the relationship curves of the width of the guard gate and the distance between the transverse channels and the number of people to be evacuated, as shown in fig. 12 and fig. 13.

D₁(P)＝0.4147e^0.0677P (A)

R₁(P)＝1752.1e^-0.152P (B)

D₂(P)＝0.3918e^0.0912P (C)

R₂(P)＝440.68e^-0.107P (D)

Wherein D is₁Is the minimum width (unit m) of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse passage; r₁The maximum distance (unit m) of a transverse channel in the emergency rescue station; d₂The optimal width (unit m) of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse passage; r₂The optimal distance (unit m) of the transverse channel in the emergency rescue station is obtained; p is the number of persons evacuated (unit 10)²A human).

5) Determining a fitted curve function of the platform width S: determining a curve function S according to the maximum necessary safe evacuation time RSET (5min) for evacuating people with different numbers₁(P), similarly, determining a curve function S according to the maximum necessary safe evacuation time RSET (about 4 min) for evacuating people with different numbers₂(P), by fitting the platform width to the number of persons evacuated, see FIGS. 11 and 14, non-linearly, equations (E) and (F) are obtained:

S₁(P)＝0.6888e^0.0497P (E)

S₂(P)＝0.704e^0.0558P (F)

in the above formula: s₁A station minimum width (in m) for an emergency rescue station; s₂The optimal width (unit m) of the platform for the emergency rescue station; p is the number of persons evacuated (unit 10)²A human).

6) Finally, determining a fitted curve function of the length l and the area A of the refuge space: the clearance size of the refuge space is not less than 4m x 5m, the established width is 4m, the length is obtained by subtracting the length L of the open line from the length of the emergency rescue station, the area A of the refuge space is 4 x (2Y-2L) and the requirement of the refuge space is more than the number of people P x 0.5m ². The length of the refuge space is the length (2Y-L) of the emergency rescue station minus the length L of the open line, which is shown in fig. 3, 12 and 13, and the formula (G) and the formula (H) are obtained.

l＝2Y-2L (G)

A is 4 (2Y-2L) satisfies (A)>P×0.5m²) (H)

8) And (3) applying and designing a structure of the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal of the high-altitude railway.

According to the requirement of the number of people to be evacuated, the minimum width D of a protective door at the entrance of a transverse channel, the maximum distance R of the transverse channel and the minimum width S of a platform can be calculated by adopting formulas (A), (B) and (E). Similarly, according to the requirement of the number of people to be evacuated, the optimal width D of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse channel, the optimal distance R of the transverse channel and the optimal width S of the platform can be calculated by adopting the formulas (C), (D) and (F).

Secondly, selecting the length l and the area A of the refuge space meeting the capacity requirement according to the engineering condition. Generally, as the arrangement of the transverse channel is influenced and limited by geological conditions and construction conditions, the clearance size of the refuge space is not smaller than 4m by 5m, the width of the refuge space is 4m, the length of the refuge space is obtained by subtracting the length L of an open line from the length of an emergency rescue station, the area A of the refuge space is 4 (2Y-2L), and the requirement that the area A is larger than the number of people Px 0.5m². The length of the refuge space is the length (2Y-L) of the emergency rescue station minus the length L of the open line. The slope of the cross passage is 12 degrees at the downhill, the slope of the refuge space is 0, ventilation needs to be carried out at the section so as to meet the breathing state of the evacuated people in the high-altitude low-pressure oxygen-deficient environment, and oxygen deficiency or altitude reaction of the evacuated people after evacuation movement can be relieved.

The structural parameters of the evacuation facility of the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal of the high-altitude railway are closely related to the number of people to be evacuated, if the number of people to be evacuated is small, the requirement on the structural condition of the evacuation facility is low, and if the number of people to be evacuated is large, the requirement on the structural condition of the evacuation facility is high. Because the evacuation quantity of railway tunnel personnel is great, the structural parameters of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station are reasonably designed to ensure that the time for personnel evacuation is minimum, and no aggregation phenomenon or only short time is generated at an entrance, so that the aim is to save evacuation time, avoid secondary casualty accidents caused by personnel crowding in the evacuation process, and reduce the time and the amount of exercise of personnel in an oxygen-poor low-pressure environment, and therefore, the problem is solved by taking a measure of carrying out gentle slope under a cross channel at the entrance. The overall length of the rescue station is 800m, the rescue station extends into a left tunnel exit section 350m, an open line section 100m and a right entrance section 350m, and the tunnel portal emergency rescue station is arranged in a plane as shown in figure 3. According to the relevant regulations of the railway tunnel disaster prevention evacuation rescue engineering design specifications, the width of the railway tunnel is determined to select the standard design section size of the double-hole single-track railway tunnel of 200km/m, namely the width is more than 6.5m, according to the design hourly speed condition of the built and planned high-altitude railway tunnel.

A passenger train consisting of 18 carriages is selected as a research object, each carriage is 25.5m, the total number of carriages is 16, the carriages at the head and the tail of the train are 21m, and the total length of the train is 450 m. The train consists of 18 sections, the first section on the left is the train head, the last section is the train tail, the second to fifth sections on the left are hard sleeping trains, the sixth to seventh sections are soft sleeping trains, the eighth section is a dining train, the ninth to seventeenth sections are hard seating trains, and the train size setter

Determining the number of people P

When the train is full, the number of passengers is 1488, and the number of workers is about 50, and the total number of passengers is 1538. The number of the passengers carried by the train is approximately 2229 when the hard seat carriage is calculated as overload of 60%. The front carriage of the train is a sleeper carriage, the rear carriage is a hard seat carriage, and each 25 workers are arranged on the head carriage and the tail carriage of the train. From the results of the railway traffic investigation, the personnel allocation ratios and parameters are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3

Kind of person	Ratio (%)	Average height (cm)	Average shoulder width (cm)
				Adult male	45	172	45.58
Adult female	40	160	44.58
				Children's toy	7	120	35
Old people	8	165	45

The number of persons assigned to each car is shown in table 4, and the specific number of persons in each car when the car is fully loaded is shown in table 4 below.

TABLE 4

Type (B)	Size (length by width)	Deciding member	Number and position of nodes
				Hard seat carriage	25.5m*3m	128	Ninth to seventeenth section
Hard sleeping carriage	25.5m*3m	66	Second to fifth sections
				Soft sleeping carriage	25.5m*3m	36	Sections six to seventh
Dining car	25.5m*3m	90	Eighth section
				Vehicle head	21m*3m	25	First section
Vehicle tail	21m*3m	25	Last section

Determining the width of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse passage and the distance between the transverse passages

Calculating the minimum protective door width D of the entrance by using formulas A and B according to the required evacuation number of 2229 people₁And minimum distance R of transverse channel₁(ii) a Calculating to obtain the optimal protection door width D of the entrance by using formulas C and D₂And cross channel optimum spacing R2:

D₁(P)＝1.88(m)

R₁(P)＝59.2(m)

D₂(P)＝2.99(m)

R₂(P)＝40.58(m)

therefore, the minimum width of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse passage cannot be less than 1.88 m; the distance between the transverse channels does not exceed 59.2m at most; the optimal width of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse passage is 2.99 m; this cross channel spacing is optimally 40.58 m.

Third, determining the platform width of the emergency rescue station

Substituting the required number of 2229 people into the minimum width S to the evacuation platform calculated by the formula E₁(ii) a The optimal width to evacuation platform S2 substituted into the calculation of formula F:

S₁(P)＝2.1(m)

S₂(P)＝2.44(m)

therefore, the platform width of the emergency rescue station is not less than 2.1 m; the platform width of the emergency rescue station is optimally 2.44 m.

Fourthly, determining the length of the refuge space and the area of the refuge space

The clearance size of the refuge space is not less than 4m x 5m, the established width is 4m, the length is obtained by subtracting the length L of the open line from the length of the emergency rescue station, the area A of the refuge space is 4 x (2Y-2L) and the requirement that the area A is more than the number of people P is met ×0.5m². The length of the refuge space is the length (2Y-L) of the emergency rescue station minus the length L of the open line.

l＝2Y-2L＝700m

A＝4*(2Y-2L)＝2800m²

The length of the refuge space can not be less than 700m, and the area of the refuge space is 2800m²Not less than 1114.5m²。

In conclusion, the minimum width of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse channel of the emergency rescue station at the tunnel portal of the high-altitude railway cannot be less than 1.88 m; the distance between the transverse channels does not exceed 59.2m at most; the optimal width of the protective door at the entrance of the transverse passage is 2.99 m; the transverse channel spacing is optimally 40.58 m; the platform width of the emergency rescue station is not less than 2.1 m; the platform width is optimally 2.44 m. The length of the refuge space is 700m, and the area is 2800m²Must not be less than 1114.5m²。

The invention also provides a tunnel portal emergency rescue station design system which is used for implementing the tunnel portal emergency rescue station design method, and the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring tunnel construction parameters, and the tunnel construction parameters at least comprise tunnel length and section size; the train parameters of the tunnel passing comprise at least the number of train groups passing through, the length of the train, the passing speed of the train, the standard of the train, the number of overloaded passengers, the age and the sex of the passengers; statistical data of evacuation speed and air quality parameters of the high-altitude tunnel;

The design module is used for constructing a dynamic personnel evacuation model of the tunnel portal emergency rescue station according to the statistical data acquired by the data acquisition module, constructing a structural calculation model of the high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station and determining design parameters of the structure of the high-altitude railway tunnel portal emergency rescue station.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.