阅读说明：本技术 具有平行的冷却通道的冷却系统 (Cooling system with parallel cooling channels ) 是由 汉斯·克瑙尔 于 2018-11-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于变流器(2)的冷却系统(1),具有：第一冷却通道(11)、第二冷却通道(12),其中,第一和第二冷却通道(11、12)至少在部分部段平行地布置,其中,在平行布置的区域中第一冷却通道(11)设计用于冷却变流器(2)的半导体(21),其中,在平行布置的区域中第二冷却通道(12)设计用于冷却变流器(2)的中间电路电容器(22),其中,冷却通道(11、12)设计为气体通道。为了改进冷却系统(1)而提出：冷却系统(1)具有气体分布器,其中,气体分布器设计为,在第一冷却通道(11)与第二冷却通道(12)之间以80:20到95:5范围的比例来分配气流。此外,本发明涉及一种用于调节和/或控制这样的冷却系统或这样的变流器的方法。(The invention relates to a cooling system (1) for a converter (2), comprising: a first cooling channel (11), a second cooling channel (12), wherein the first and the second cooling channel (11, 12) are arranged in parallel at least in sections, wherein the first cooling channel (11) is designed to cool a semiconductor (21) of the current transformer (2) in the area of the parallel arrangement, wherein the second cooling channel (12) is designed to cool an intermediate circuit capacitor (22) of the current transformer (2) in the area of the parallel arrangement, wherein the cooling channels (11, 12) are designed as gas channels. In order to improve the cooling system (1), it is proposed that: the cooling system (1) has a gas distributor, wherein the gas distributor is designed to distribute a gas flow between the first cooling channel (11) and the second cooling channel (12) in a ratio in the range of 80:20 to 95: 5. The invention further relates to a method for regulating and/or controlling such a cooling system or such a converter.)

1. A cooling system (1) for a converter (2) has

-a first cooling channel (11),

-a second cooling channel (12),

wherein the first and second cooling channels (11, 12) are arranged in parallel at least in sections, wherein in the area of the parallel arrangement the first cooling channel (11) is designed for cooling a semiconductor (21) of the current transformer (2), wherein in the area of the parallel arrangement the second cooling channel (12) is designed for cooling an intermediate circuit capacitor (22) of the current transformer (2), wherein the cooling channels (11, 12) are designed as gas channels, characterized in that,

the cooling system (1) has a gas distributor, wherein the gas distributor is designed to distribute a gas flow between the first cooling channel (11) and the second cooling channel (12) in a ratio in the range of 80:20 to 95: 5.

2. Cooling system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the cooling system (1) has only one fan (2) arranged such that a cooling air flow is generated in the first and second cooling channels (11, 12).

3. Cooling system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling system (1) has a gas distributor, wherein the gas distributor is designed to distribute the gas flow in a ratio of 90:10 between the first cooling channel (11) and the second cooling channel (12).

4. The cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first and second cooling channels (11, 12) are spatially arranged in parallel in a region arranged in parallel.

5. Cooling system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cooling system has at least one temperature sensor, wherein the distribution of the air flow can be carried out depending on at least one measurement of the at least one temperature sensor.

6. A converter (2) with a cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. Method for regulating and/or controlling a cooling system (1) according to claim 5 or a converter (2) according to claim 6 and having a cooling system (1) according to claim 5, wherein the distribution of the air flow is made as a function of the measurement of at least one temperature sensor.

8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the distribution of the gas flow is made as a function of the temperature of the component to be cooled located in the respective cooling channel and/or the temperature of the cooling gas in the respective cooling channel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cooling system for a converter. The invention further relates to a converter having such a cooling system. The invention also relates to a method for regulating and/or controlling such a cooling system or such a converter.

Background

The converter for converting electrical energy generates lost power in the form of lost heat. This heat must be conducted away from the respective component in order to protect it from damage. In converters, in particular in power components, power losses occur. There, various electronic components are used which are heated during operation as a result of electrical losses and which have to be cooled in order to be able to ensure the required service life of the components. These electronic components are mainly semiconductors (e.g., IGBTs) and intermediate circuit capacitors. Since the lifetime of the intermediate circuit capacitor is greatly influenced by the ambient temperature, the ambient temperature should not exceed about 70 ℃ in order to be able to apply standard components. These standard components are available on the market at a low price and have an impact on the low-cost manufacture of the converter.

Since the permissible ambient temperature for the intermediate circuit capacitor is low, provisions are made in the arrangement in the gas-cooled power section. In this case, the intermediate circuit capacitor is arranged in the gas flow for cooling, either before the semiconductor or by means of a gas bypass. It is thus ensured that the intermediate circuit capacitor is supplied with cold, i.e. not preheated, cooling gas.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to improve a cooling system for a converter.

This object is achieved by a cooling system for a converter having the features of claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a converter having such a cooling system. The object is also achieved by a method for regulating and/or controlling such a cooling system or such a converter.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the recognition that a supply of a sufficiently cold cooling medium, for example gas or water, can be achieved in the device, for example by a parallel arrangement of two cooling channels for cooling the intermediate circuit capacitor and the semiconductor. Semiconductors are also referred to as power semiconductors due to the high switching currents. For this purpose, two different components are provided with cooling channels which flow directly and are separated in a sealed manner. By means of the two cooling channels, not only the intermediate circuit capacitor but also the semiconductor are cooled with the cooling medium which has not been preheated. This has the advantage that the maximum permissible temperature is reliably maintained for the intermediate circuit capacitor. At the same time, a significantly higher power loss of the semiconductor can be reliably derived. In this case, the mutual influence can be avoided in a simple manner by the parallel arrangement. In addition to the thermodynamic advantages, the use of two cooling channels also enables a relatively simple, low-inductance device construction with very simple current-conducting busbars for DC and AC busbars. Due to this arrangement, the installation space of the entire installation can be designed very compactly.

The cooling channel is designed as a gas channel. The use of gas has proved to be particularly advantageous. The gas can be taken from the surroundings and fed to the component to be cooled by means of the cooling channel. Here, the distribution of the cooling gas to the two parallel cooling channels can be achieved in a simple manner. In contrast to cooling with the cooling medium water, a heat exchanger which gives off heat from the water to the surroundings can be dispensed with. A particularly simple and at the same time very efficient cooling system can thus be realized.

The cooling system has a gas distributor, wherein the gas distributor is advantageously designed to distribute the gas flow between the first cooling channel and the second cooling channel in a ratio of 90: 10. Since the intermediate circuit capacitor requires the temperature of the cooling medium to be as low as possible, but the power loss in the semiconductor is significantly greater than in the intermediate circuit capacitor, it has proven advantageous for the entire gas flow to be distributed via the gas distributor in a ratio of 90:10 (the ratio of the gas quantity in the semiconductor to the intermediate circuit capacitor). Experiments have shown that a distribution in the range of 80:20 to 95:5 is good and in particular leads to uniform cooling results.

In this connection, it is advantageous to take into account the measured values of the temperature for the distribution of the cooling gas over the first and second cooling channels. For this purpose, the cooling system has a temperature sensor. This temperature measurement can be applied directly or after processing (for example after calculation in a temperature model) to the regulation or control of the gas distribution between the two cooling channels. The temperature sensor can measure, for example, a component to be cooled which is located in the cooling gas channel. Alternatively or additionally, the temperature of the cooling gas, in particular of the exhaust gas, i.e. the gas after it has absorbed the heat of the component to be cooled, can also be measured and used for regulating or controlling the distribution.

The gas distribution as a function of the temperature measurement has the advantage that the components to be cooled in the two gas channels can be cooled in an optimum manner as a function of the operating conditions. Here, the distribution can be set, for example, such that the loss of life of the component to be cooled due to heating is equalized. Alternatively or additionally, it can be achieved that not only the gas quantity but also the distribution of the gas is adjusted or controlled in such a way that the temperature of the component to be cooled is a reference value and remains at this value during operation. By avoiding temperature fluctuations, the lifetime of the component to be cooled is increased.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cooling system has exactly one fan, which is arranged such that a cooling air flow is generated in the first and second cooling channels. In this embodiment, all the required cooling gas for the two gas channels can be passed by only one fan to the intermediate circuit capacitor and the semiconductor. The fan generates a cooling air flow in the first and second cooling ducts. Here, the required cooling air is blown by fans into both cooling channels.

The gas distributor can have openings of different sizes for the distribution of the gas over the two cooling channels, so that a corresponding distribution ratio results. Alternatively or additionally, the openings can be equipped with movable flaps (klape) with which the dispensing ratio can be adapted. The advantage of matching is that it is possible to react to different power losses, for example, depending on the operating point of the converter, and to optimize the cooling for both components. For example, the distribution can also be controlled or regulated as a function of the temperature of the intermediate circuit sensor and/or the semiconductor.

Another possibility is to perform the distribution of the gas to both cooling channels, while means are provided for reducing the pressure of at least one of the cooling channels. The distribution of the amount of cooling gas over the two cooling channels can thus also be influenced in a simple manner.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first and second cooling channels are arranged spatially parallel in the region of the parallel arrangement. In a spatially parallel arrangement, the outer frame of the first cooling channel is parallel to the outer frame of the second cooling channel at least in sections. The intermediate circuit capacitor and the semiconductor can also be arranged parallel to one another in the converter by a spatially parallel arrangement. A particularly simple and low-inductance device construction with very simple busbars for the current guidance of the DC and AC busbars can thus also be realized in terms of electrical properties. Due to this arrangement, the installation space of the converter can be designed very compactly and at low cost.

Drawings

The invention will be described and elucidated in detail hereinafter with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Showing:

FIG. 1 shows two cooling channels of a converter, an

Fig. 2 shows a current transformer.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a cooling system 1 that applies a cooling medium gas. The cooling system 1 has a first cooling channel 11 and a second cooling channel 12. The first cooling channel and the second cooling channel extend spatially parallel through the illustrated cross section of the current transformer 2. It is evident that separate cooling channels are used for cooling the semiconductor 21 and for cooling the intermediate circuit capacitor 22. Here, the first cooling channel 11 is used to cool the semiconductor 21 mounted on the cooling body. The cooling fins of the cooling body project into the first cooling channel 11. Therefore, the semiconductor 21 discharges the heat generated by the power loss to the cooling medium gas via the cooling body. Therefore, overheating of the semiconductor 21 can be reliably prevented.

An intermediate circuit capacitor 22 is arranged in the second cooling channel 12. The intermediate circuit capacitor is located in the second cooling channel 12 and is purged around by the cooling medium gas. In this case, the intermediate circuit capacitor 22 discharges heat, which is generated by losses in the capacitor. Since the power loss of the semiconductor 21 is greater than the power loss of the intermediate circuit capacitor, the effective cross section of the first cooling channel 11 is also greater than the effective cross section of the second cooling channel 12. The effective cross-section is the cross-section of the cooling channel 11, 12 minus components deep therein, such as the intermediate circuit capacitor 22 or the heat sink.

The gas distributor 4 (not shown here) at the inlet of the two cooling channels 11, 12 is used to control the gas distribution between the two cooling channels 11, 12. The distribution of the cooling gas to the two cooling channels 11, 12 can be controlled or regulated by means of a gas distributor, for example, as a function of the operating point and/or the temperature measured at the semiconductor 21 and/or at the intermediate circuit capacitor 22.

Fig. 2 shows a converter 2 with a cooling system 1. To avoid repetition, reference is made to the description of fig. 1 and the reference numerals identified therein. In order to generate a cooling air flow, the converter 2 has a fan 3. Via the gas distributor 4, which is not shown here, a cooling gas flow is generated by the fan 3 not only in the first cooling duct 11 but also in the second cooling duct 12.

In general, the invention relates to a cooling system for a converter. In order to improve the cooling system, the following proposal is that: the cooling system is equipped with a first cooling channel and a second cooling channel. The first and second cooling channels are arranged in parallel at least in some sections, wherein the first cooling channel is designed to cool the semiconductors of the current transformer in the area of the parallel arrangement, and wherein the second cooling channel is designed to cool the intermediate circuit capacitors of the current transformer in the area of the parallel arrangement. The invention further relates to a converter having such a cooling system.