阅读说明：本技术 一种增强羊抗氧化能力的发酵颗粒饲料及其制备方法 (Fermented pellet feed for enhancing oxidation resistance of sheep and preparation method thereof ) 是由 侯启瑞 赵卫国 吴萍 沈曼曼 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种增强羊抗氧化能力的发酵颗粒饲料及其制备方法,其原料包括抗氧化青绿饲料、麸皮、谷朊粉、膨化豆粕、黏合剂、食盐、复合添加剂和混合菌液,抗氧化青绿饲料中含有发酵桑叶粉、西红柿、红薯藤、柑橘渣、羊草等成分,混合饲料时采用特定的发酵工艺,显著增强羊的抗氧化能力,同时保持羊肉的品质。(The invention discloses a fermented pellet feed for enhancing oxidation resistance of sheep and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise antioxidant green feed, bran, wheat gluten, puffed soybean meal, adhesive, salt, compound additive and mixed bacterial liquid, the antioxidant green feed contains fermented mulberry leaf powder, tomatoes, sweet potato vines, citrus residues, Chinese wildrye and other components, and a specific fermentation process is adopted during mixed feed, so that the oxidation resistance of sheep is remarkably enhanced, and the quality of mutton is maintained.)

1. A fermented pellet feed for enhancing the anti-oxidation capability of sheep is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

45-60 parts of antioxidant green feed,

13-18 parts of bran, namely,

5-10 parts of wheat gluten powder,

30-40 parts of fermented soybean meal,

3-5 parts of an adhesive agent,

0-1 part of salt, namely,

0.1 to 3 portions of compound additive,

10-15 parts of mixed bacterial liquid;

wherein the antioxidant dark green feed at least comprises 40 wt% of fermented mulberry leaf powder.

2. The fermented pellet feed for enhancing oxidation resistance of sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antioxidant greenish feed comprises 43-59 wt% of fermented mulberry leaf powder, 15-25 wt% of leymus chinensis, and the balance of at least one stalk and leaf plant and at least one berry plant; the stem and leaf plants are selected from one or more of sweet potato vine, pumpkin vine and ginkgo leaf, and the berry plants are selected from one or more of tomato, grape pomace and citrus pomace.

3. The fermented pellet feed for enhancing oxidation resistance of sheep as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the antioxidant greenish feed consists of 45-55 wt% of fermented mulberry leaf powder, 18-22 wt% of Chinese wildrye, 9-17 wt% of tomatoes, 10-19 wt% of sweet potato vines and 1-7 wt% of citrus pulp.

4. A fermented granulated feed for enhancing the anti-oxidative capacity of sheep according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the fermented mulberry leaf powder is obtained by mixing chopped fresh mulberry leaves with bacillus amyloliquefaciens, fermenting at normal temperature for 5-10 days in a sealing manner, and then drying and crushing; adding 10ml of bacillus amyloliquefaciens into every 100g of fresh mulberry leaves, wherein the bacterial liquid concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 10⁶-10⁸CFU/mL。

5. The fermented pellet feed for enhancing oxidation resistance of sheep as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the adhesive contains egg white and one or more of corn protein powder and glutinous rice flour.

6. The fermented pellet feed for enhancing oxidation resistance of sheep as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the mixed bacteria liquid comprises any one or combination of more of lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, saccharomycetes, rhodopseudomonas palustris and bacillus.

7. The fermented pellet feed for enhancing oxidation resistance of sheep as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the compound additive comprises minerals and vitamins, wherein the minerals are selected from the combination of any one or more of Mn, Se, Cu, Fe, I, Zn, Co, F, Cd, Cr and Mo, and the vitamins are selected from the combination of any one or more of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D2, vitamin E, vitamin D3, vitamin K3 and folic acid.

8. A method for preparing a fermented pellet feed as claimed in claim 3, wherein: mixing fermented mulberry leaf powder with leymus chinensis, at least one stem and leaf plant and at least one berry plant to obtain antioxidant green feed, and then uniformly mixing the antioxidant green feed with bran, wheat gluten, fermented soybean meal, an adhesive, salt and a composite additive in proportion to obtain a primary feed; and uniformly spraying the mixed bacterial liquid into the primary material, fermenting at constant temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 5-6 days, taking out, granulating and drying.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the adhesive is prepared by mixing and stirring corn protein powder, glutinous rice flour and egg white uniformly, and is prepared within 12 hours before mixing.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein: and mixing the fermented mulberry leaf powder with the leymus chinensis, at least one stem and leaf plant and at least one berry plant, uniformly stirring, and standing at 20-25 ℃ for 20-30h to obtain the antioxidant dark green feed.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of livestock feed, in particular to fermented pellet feed for enhancing the anti-oxidation capability of sheep and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Sheep are important livestock species in China, belong to ruminants like cattle, and have the characteristics of large gastrointestinal volume, strong digestion capacity and coarse feeding resistance. The ruminant compound feed conventionally used in animal husbandry is mainly prepared by mixing energy feed represented by corn, sorghum, wheat and agricultural and sideline products and protein feed represented by soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and fish meal with a premix additive.

Stress reaction easily occurs to sheep in the breeding process, environmental change, noise, excessive extrusion, high temperature, too high feed energy or improper nutrition composition proportion and the like can cause stress to sheep, redundant oxygen free radicals can not be eliminated, various tissue metabolisms of sheep are influenced, the pH value and the water tying capacity of mutton are reduced, the cooking loss is increased, and the taste and the sensory quality of the mutton are influenced.

On the other hand, the existing research shows that more flavonoids exist in fresh vegetables and fruits, and the fresh vegetables and fruits have better antioxidant effect. The anti-free radical effect of the feed cannot be effectively improved by directly adding the fresh vegetables and fruits into the feed, and the technical breakthrough is required to be searched by the technical personnel in the field how to optimize each component of the feed and the preparation process thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide the fermented pellet feed which has sufficient energy and rich nutrition and effectively enhances the anti-oxidation capability of sheep, so that the quality of mutton can be maintained while the growth of sheep is promoted; it is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing the fermented pellet feed as described above.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the aim, the invention provides a fermented pellet feed for enhancing the anti-oxidation capability of sheep, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

45-60 parts of antioxidant green feed,

13-18 parts of bran, namely,

5-10 parts of wheat gluten powder,

30-40 parts of fermented soybean meal,

3-5 parts of an adhesive agent,

0-1 part of salt, namely,

0.1 to 3 portions of compound additive,

10-15 parts of mixed bacterial liquid;

wherein the antioxidant dark green feed at least comprises 40 wt% of fermented mulberry leaf powder.

The fermented soybean meal and the bran are energy feed components; the vital wheat gluten and the fermented soybean meal are used as protein feed raw materials to provide a main essential amino acid source of the feed; the fermented soybean meal is obtained by taking high-quality soybean meal as a main raw material and inoculating microorganisms to carry out solid fermentation, and anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal are eliminated to the maximum extent through the fermentation of the microorganisms, so that the digestion of the protein by sheep is improved; the compound additive contains essential vitamins and minerals suitable for sheep. The main component of the feed is antioxidant green feed, which at least contains 40 wt% of fermented mulberry leaf powder.

Further, the antioxidant dark green feed comprises 43-59 wt% of fermented mulberry leaf powder, 15-25 wt% of leymus chinensis, and the balance of at least one stalk and leaf plant and at least one berry plant; the stem and leaf plants are selected from any one or more of but not limited to sweet potato vine, pumpkin vine and ginkgo leaf, and the berry plants are selected from any one or more of but not limited to tomato, grape pomace and citrus pomace. According to the invention, the fermented mulberry leaf powder is mixed with fresh vegetables, fruits and Chinese wildrye, so that a rich nutrition combination effect is provided, the content of antioxidant ingredients in the feed is obviously improved, and the stress reaction is favorably reduced. The components are preferably mixed 5 to 10 days before the feed is fed, and the feed can be kept fresh to a great extent through fermentation, granulation and drying for later use. The Chinese wild rye grass is excellent pasture widely planted in northern areas of China, has rich leaf content and high nutritional value, can provide more green feeds for livestock breeding all year round, and is a fiber source feed which is favored by cattle and sheep; the palatability of the feed can be improved by adding a small amount of salt.

Further, in order to provide a preferable formula proportion, the antioxidant greenish feed consists of 45-55 wt% of fermented mulberry leaf powder, 18-22 wt% of Chinese wildrye, 9-17 wt% of tomato, 10-19 wt% of sweet potato vine and 1-7 wt% of citrus pulp.

The fermented mulberry leaf powder is obtained by mixing chopped fresh mulberry leaves with bacillus amyloliquefaciens, fermenting at normal temperature for 5-10 days in a sealing manner, and then drying and crushing; adding 10ml of bacillus amyloliquefaciens into every 100g of fresh mulberry leaves, wherein the bacterial liquid concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 10⁶-10⁸CFU/mL。

The adhesive contains egg white and any one or combination of more of corn protein powder and glutinous rice flour. Preferably, the corn protein powder is prepared by mixing corn protein powder, glutinous rice flour and egg white according to a certain proportion.

The mixed bacteria liquid comprises but is not limited to any one or combination of more of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, yeast, rhodopseudomonas palustris and bacillus. Preferably, the composition is prepared by mixing yeast and bacillus subtilis as main materials and lactobacillus as auxiliary materials.

The compound additive comprises minerals and vitamins, wherein the minerals are selected from the group comprising but not limited to any one or more of Mn, Se, Cu, Fe, I, Zn, Co, F, Cd, Cr and Mo, and the vitamins are selected from the group comprising but not limited to any one or more of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D2, vitamin E, vitamin D3, vitamin K3 and folic acid. The compound additive can be added into wheat flour as carrier.

The preparation method of the fermented granulated feed for enhancing the oxidation resistance of the sheep comprises the steps of mixing the fermented mulberry leaf powder, the leymus chinensis, at least one stem-leaf plant and at least one berry plant to obtain an antioxidant green feed, and then uniformly mixing the antioxidant green feed with bran, wheat gluten, fermented soybean meal, an adhesive, salt and a composite additive in proportion to obtain a primary feed; and uniformly spraying the mixed bacterial liquid into the primary material, fermenting at constant temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 5-6 days, taking out, granulating and drying. Wherein the adhesive is prepared by mixing and stirring corn protein powder, glutinous rice flour and egg white uniformly, and the adhesive is prepared within 12 hours before mixing.

The fermented mulberry leaf powder is obtained by fermenting chopped fresh mulberry leaves, preferably adding bacillus amyloliquefaciens, mixing, putting into a fermentation barrel, compacting, covering, sealing, fermenting, drying and crushing; adding 10ml of bacillus amyloliquefaciens into every 100g of fresh mulberry leaves, wherein the bacterial liquid concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 10⁶-10⁸CFU/mL。

More preferably, the antioxidant greenish feed is obtained by uniformly mixing and stirring the fermented mulberry leaf powder, the leymus chinensis, at least one stem-leaf plant and at least one berry plant, and then placing the mixture at 20-25 ℃ for 20-30 h.

The invention selects and mixes the fermented mulberry leaf powder, the Chinese wildrye and the fresh vegetables and fruits to obtain the antioxidant green feed, and further mixes and ferments the antioxidant green feed with other components, which is beneficial to improving the enrichment of phenols and flavone substances in the feed, properly improves the acidity of the feed, and obtains unexpected effects as the sheep feed: not only improves the palatability of the feed and obviously improves the feed intake of sheep, but also obviously improves the contents of polyphenol substances (mainly gallic acid) and total flavonoids (mainly rutin) brought by the antioxidant green feed. In vivo tests show that the feed obviously improves the oxidation resistance of sheep, reduces the content of active oxygen ROS in liver, accelerates the weight growth of sheep, and keeps the meat quality unchanged.

The feed is prepared by using fermented mulberry leaves and fermented soybean meal. Because the mulberry leaves and the bean pulp contain various anti-nutritional factors, the content of the anti-nutritional factors after fermentation is obviously reduced, and the protein content is improved. When the antioxidant greenish feed is prepared, the antioxidant greenish feed is mixed with fermented mulberry leaves, and the residual bacteria and enzyme products thereof in the mulberry leaf powder are utilized for natural fermentation, so that nutrients in the greenish feed are separated out, the digestion and absorption are facilitated, the content of bioactive substances is improved, and the antioxidant capacity is enhanced. The mixed bacteria liquid contains bacteria capable of digesting various digestive enzymes such as carbohydrate, protein, sugar, starch, cellulase, protease, pectinase, amylase and the like, can degrade various indigestible components in the feed, is beneficial to protecting the intestinal health of sheep and maintaining the balance of intestinal flora.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a gallic acid standard curve of test example 1;

FIG. 2 shows a rutin calibration curve in test example 1.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.