阅读说明：本技术 油田钻井泥浆和岩屑环保处理工艺 (Environment-friendly treatment process for drilling mud and rock debris in oil field ) 是由 肖强 崔学勤 于 2020-03-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种油田钻井泥浆和岩屑环保处理工艺。主要解决了现有处理方法施工现场占地面积大作业成本高效率低的问题。其特征在于：包括以下步骤：(1)泥浆处理区域泥浆处理装备分离出的钻井岩屑采用岩屑回收槽进行收集；(2)采用装载机将岩屑回收槽收集的岩屑装入滚筒式搅拌机,将滚筒式搅拌机中的岩屑中加入岩屑体积3-10%的专用吸水剂,搅拌,吐出的岩屑采用装载机直接装上运输车辆；(3)用泥浆泵从泥浆槽中的泥浆泵入滚筒式搅拌机,搅拌机中泥浆中再加入泥浆体积5-15%的专用吸水剂,进行搅拌,吐出的脱水泥浆采用装载机直接装上运输车辆。该油田钻井泥浆和岩屑环保处理工艺,能够减少钻井现场占地面积,降低作业成本,效率高。(The invention relates to an environment-friendly treatment process for drilling mud and rock debris in an oil field. The method mainly solves the problems of large occupied area, high operation cost and low efficiency of the construction site of the existing treatment method. The method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting drilling rock debris separated by mud treatment equipment in a mud treatment area by using a rock debris recovery tank; (2) loading the rock debris collected by the rock debris recovery tank into a drum-type stirrer by adopting a loader, adding a special water absorbent with the volume of 3-10% of that of the rock debris into the rock debris in the drum-type stirrer, stirring, and directly loading the spitted rock debris on a transport vehicle by adopting the loader; (3) pumping the slurry in the slurry tank into a drum mixer by a slurry pump, adding a special water absorbent accounting for 5-15% of the volume of the slurry into the slurry in the mixer, mixing, and directly loading the discharged dehydrated slurry on a transport vehicle by a loader. The environment-friendly treatment process for the drilling mud and the rock debris in the oil field can reduce the floor area of a drilling site, reduce the operation cost and has high efficiency.)

1. An environment-friendly treatment process for drilling mud and rock debris in an oil field is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) recovering rock debris: collecting drilling rock debris separated by mud treatment equipment in a mud treatment area by using a rock debris recovery tank;

(2) and rock debris dehydration: loading the rock debris collected by the rock debris recovery tank into a drum-type stirrer by adopting a loader, adding a special water absorbent with the volume of 3-10% of that of the rock debris into the rock debris in the drum-type stirrer, forcibly stirring for 3-5 minutes, and directly loading the discharged rock debris on a transport vehicle by adopting the loader;

(3) and slurry dehydration: pumping the slurry in the slurry tank into a drum mixer by a slurry pump, adding a special water absorbent accounting for 5-15% of the volume of the slurry into the slurry in the mixer, forcibly mixing for 5-10 minutes, and directly loading the discharged dehydrated slurry on a transport vehicle by a loader.

2. The environment-friendly treatment process for the oil field drilling mud and the rock debris according to claim 1, characterized in that: the special water absorbent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-5% of quicklime, 20-40% of fly ash, 30-60% of furnace slag, 0.5-2% of heavy metal stabilizer and 1-3% of organic matter stabilizer.

3. The environment-friendly treatment process for the oil field drilling mud and the rock debris according to claim 2, characterized in that: the organic stabilizer is water glass (Na 2O mSiO2, m 1.5-2.0).

4. The environment-friendly treatment process for the oil field drilling mud and the rock debris according to claim 2, characterized in that: the heavy metal stabilizer is ZD-22 soil heavy metal stabilizer.

5. The environment-friendly treatment process for the oil field drilling mud and the rock debris according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detritus accumulator tank is trapezoidal steel sheet groove, and trapezoidal steel sheet groove is the design of the high back-end low ladder-shaped in the front.

6. The environment-friendly treatment process for the oil field drilling mud and the rock debris according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) the slurry treatment equipment in the slurry treatment area in the step (1) comprises equipment such as a vibrating screen, a cyclone desander and a horizontal centrifuge.

7. The use of the process of claim 1 for the environmentally friendly treatment of oilfield drilling mud and cuttings, wherein the process comprises: and (3) conveying the slurry and the rock debris subjected to the field dehydration treatment to a centralized treatment base, and mixing the slurry and the rock debris by adopting a horizontal concrete stirring device to prepare the material suitable for the road cushion.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of oil field environment protection, in particular to an environment-friendly treatment process for oil field drilling mud and rock debris.

Background

The treatment of drilling mud and cuttings has been carried out by the near landfill method for a long time, and concentrated curing landfill measures have been used for more than about ten years ago, and at present, field or concentrated treatment stations are used for dewatering, concentrated landfill, brick making or the like. The process is characterized in that chemical gel breaking and mechanical filter pressing dehydration are needed for on-site or centralized treatment, and separated sewage needs to be additionally treated; and (4) excavating a rock debris recovery pool (placing a steel plate groove with corresponding size or paving a disposable anti-seepage cloth in the rock debris recovery pool) in a mud treatment area of a drilling construction site.

The existing field treatment method comprises the following steps: the slurry and rock debris are put into a container, then a proper amount of chemical gel breaker is added, the slurry is forcibly and mechanically stirred to break the gel (the slurry belongs to colloid), then the slurry is subjected to filter pressing and dehydration by a large plate-frame type filter pressing device, and the produced sewage is transported and buried by vehicles or used for other purposes. The chemical gel breaking tank and the large plate-frame type filter pressing device have large occupied area (100 plus 150 square meters) and higher transportation and installation cost.

The current centralized processing method comprises the following steps: the process method is the same as the field treatment after transportation. The winter production needs heat preservation transportation, and large-capacity heat preservation type mud and rock debris storage ponds are built, otherwise, the winter production cannot be implemented.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of large floor area of a construction site and high operation cost and low efficiency of the existing treatment method in the background art, and provides an environment-friendly treatment process for oil field drilling mud and rock debris.

The invention can solve the problems by the following technical scheme: the environment-friendly treatment process for the drilling mud and the rock debris in the oil field comprises the following steps:

(1) recovering rock debris: collecting drilling rock debris separated by mud treatment equipment in a mud treatment area by using a rock debris recovery tank;

(2) and rock debris dehydration: loading the rock debris collected by the rock debris recovery tank into a drum-type stirrer by adopting a loader, adding a special water absorbent with the volume of 3-10% of that of the rock debris into the rock debris in the drum-type stirrer, forcibly stirring for 3-5 minutes, and directly loading the discharged rock debris on a transport vehicle by adopting the loader;

(3) and slurry dehydration: pumping the slurry in the slurry tank into a drum mixer by a slurry pump, adding a special water absorbent accounting for 5-15% of the volume of the slurry into the slurry in the mixer, forcibly mixing for 5-10 minutes, and directly loading the discharged dehydrated slurry on a transport vehicle by a loader.

The special water absorbent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-5% of quicklime, 20-40% of fly ash, 30-60% of furnace slag, 0.5-2% of heavy metal stabilizer and 1-3% of organic matter stabilizer.

The organic stabilizer is water glass (Na 2O mSiO2, m 1.5-2.0); the heavy metal stabilizer is ZD-22 soil heavy metal stabilizer.

The trapezoidal design that the back is low for high preceding trapezoidal design in trapezoidal steel sheet groove is favorable to the loader to get the material operation when satisfying the capacity requirement.

The special water absorbent adopted by the environment-friendly treatment process for the oil field drilling mud and the rock debris has the following functions:

1. quick lime: the quicklime and the free water in the mud and rock debris are subjected to chemical reaction to generate calcium hydroxide, and one calcium oxide molecule absorbs one water molecule, so that the calcium hydroxide has the effects of sterilizing, degrading and coating organic matters (the effect of an organic matter stabilizer) and reducing COD.

2. Fly ash: the particle size is less than 0.1 mm, the surface area is large, water absorption is easy, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide contained in the slurry rock debris are subjected to chemical reaction with free water in the slurry rock debris to generate calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the slurry rock debris is fluffy and loose (the slurry rock debris contains a certain amount of clay components and is easy to form sticky masses). The fly ash has large surface area, strong organic matter adsorbing and wrapping effect and organic matter stabilizing effect

3. Slag: the particle size is larger than 0.5-10 mm, the larger surface area and the abundant pores are easy to absorb water, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide contained in the slurry rock debris and free water in the slurry rock debris generate chemical reaction to generate calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the slurry rock debris has the function of loosening and loosening the slurry rock debris (the slurry rock debris contains a certain amount of clay components and is easy to form sticky masses). The huge gaps and the surface area of the slag have strong functions of adsorbing and wrapping organic matters (organic matter stabilizer function).

4. Heavy metal stabilizer: the composite material has excellent heavy metal chelation and soil permeability, can effectively permeate into soil at normal temperature and in a wide pH value condition range, stabilizes heavy metal ions, reduces the mobility of the heavy metal ions, and ensures the safety of the soil. By strongly and stably adsorbing heavy metal components in the slurry and the rock debris, the method ensures that the surrounding environment is not polluted in the processes of transportation, temporary storage and use. The ZD-22 soil heavy metal stabilizer is an effective and environment-friendly soil heavy metal ion stabilizer. The product has excellent heavy metal chelation and soil permeability, can effectively permeate into soil at normal temperature and in a wide pH value condition range, stabilizes heavy metal ions, reduces the mobility of the heavy metal ions, and ensures the safety of the soil.

5. Organic matter stabilizer: the water glass (Na 2O mSiO2, m 1.5-2.0) strongly and stably adsorbs organic slurry treating agent components in the slurry and the rock debris, so that organic matters such as a small amount of a stabilizer, a viscosity improving agent, a fluid loss agent and the like contained in the slurry and the rock debris are prevented from causing environmental pollution in the processes of transportation, temporary storage and use.

Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. a rock debris recovery tank:

(1) the method avoids excavating a rock debris recovery pool of dozens of even hundreds of cubic meters of a well site, saves cost of excavating, backfilling and laying the disposable impermeable cloth (transporting and installing a large-scale steel plate groove), thoroughly solves the pollution risk of sewage leakage earth surface caused by the damage of the impermeable cloth, and has practical environmental protection significance.

(2) The trapezoidal steel groove with 3-5 cubic meters can meet the capacity requirement, and has the advantages of small occupied area, convenience in transportation and installation and low cost.

(3) The design of the trapezoidal rock debris recovery groove with a high front part and a low back part is convenient for the material taking operation of small and medium-sized loaders.

(4) The rock debris recovery pit with the depth of 3-5 meters can only adopt a long-avoiding trencher for taking materials, the operation cost is high, and the pollution risk of a sewage leakage stratum caused by the damage of the disposable anti-seepage cloth is large.

(5) The excavation-free rock debris recovery pit has no large-scale soil piles (dozens to hundreds of cubic meters), the occupied area of a drilling site is small, and vehicles can pass conveniently.

2. The slurry and rock debris dehydration process comprises the following steps:

(1) the process is simple: compared with the traditional chemical gel breaking and plate-and-frame filter pressing dehydration (a plate-and-frame filter press needs to be cleaned regularly), the method has the advantages of simple process, less operating personnel and low operating cost by adding the water absorbent and mechanically and forcibly stirring for field dehydration.

(2) The equipment is few: the main equipment is only 3-5 pieces of 3-5 cubic meter trapezoidal rock debris recovery tanks, 1 small and medium-sized loader and 1 750 type drum mixer, the occupied area is small, the equipment investment is less, and the tire type equipment is easy to move.

3. The environmental protection is strong: and detecting various control indexes of the treated slurry and rock debris mixture, wherein the result completely meets the requirement, the chemical oxygen demand CODCR control index is less than 150 mg/L, and the actual value is 10 mg/L.

4. The slurry and rock debris are mixed and then matched in particle size, so that the requirement of a cushion material is favorably met.

5. Function of fly ash and slag: the dehydration speed is improved, the water is loosened and does not form sticky clusters to form loose particles, and the natural evaporation of water and the construction operation of a cushion layer are facilitated in the storage process.

6. The treated mud and debris form a particulate mass of 0.6-10 mm. Because the surface area is larger, the residual moisture can be naturally evaporated in the natural stacking process, the moisture content can be reduced to below 40 percent (the moisture content of the plate-frame type mechanical filter press is between 60 and 70 percent, and the dehydrating efficiency is extremely low due to the natural volatilization of the sticky lump shape in the air), and the using amount of the dehydrating agent can be greatly saved.

7. The treated mud and debris form a particulate mass of 0.6-10 mm. The pH value of calcium hydroxide generated by adding quicklime begins to rise to 9-11, carbon dioxide in the air is slowly absorbed in the natural stacking process to form stable calcium carbonate, and then the pH value is reduced to 7-8 from 9-11.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side view of the field application of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the field application of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the trapezoidal debris retrieval trough of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the trapezoidal debris recovery chute of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the trapezoidal debris retrieval trough of the present invention.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments:

as shown in attached figures 1 and 2, the environment-friendly treatment process for the drilling mud and the rock debris in the oil field comprises mud treatment equipment, a rock debris recovery tank, a drum mixer and a loader; the mud treatment equipment comprises a centrifuge, a cyclone sand remover and a vibrating screen. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) recovering rock debris: collecting drilling cuttings separated by equipment such as a vibrating screen, a cyclone sand remover, a horizontal centrifuge and the like in a mud treatment area by adopting a trapezoidal cuttings recovery tank with a high front part and a low back part; the rock debris recovery groove is shown in figures 3, 4 and 5.

(2) And rock debris dehydration: loading the rock debris collected by the rock debris recovery tank into a drum-type stirrer by adopting a loader, adding a special water absorbent with the volume of 3-10% of the rock debris (the addition amount is adjusted according to the water content of the rock debris) into the rock debris in the drum-type stirrer, forcibly stirring for 3-5 minutes (taking no free water as the standard for vision), and directly loading the discharged rock debris on a transport vehicle by adopting the loader; the special water absorbent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-5% of quicklime, 20-40% of fly ash, 30-60% of furnace slag, 0.5-2% of heavy metal stabilizer and 1-3% of organic matter stabilizer.

(3) And slurry dehydration: pumping the slurry in the slurry tank into a drum mixer by a slurry pump, adding special water absorbent with the volume of 5-15% of the slurry volume (the addition amount is adjusted according to the water content of the slurry) into the slurry in the mixer, forcibly mixing for 5-10 minutes (no free water is visually taken as the standard), and directly loading the discharged dehydrated slurry on a transport vehicle by a loader.