阅读说明：本技术 一种带有分液引流结构的多腔室氧合器 (Multi-chamber oxygenator with liquid separation drainage structure ) 是由 朱少禹 徐涛 索轶平 张腾飞 贾皓 张向军 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种带有分液引流结构的多腔室氧合器,属于医疗器械技术领域。该氧合器包括氧合室、占位柱和变温室,占位柱沿分流通道轴线方向延伸,在氧合室内还设置有若干个氧合域,将分液孔设置在分流通道上,使分流腔室与氧合域连通,血液经过换热腔室后进入氧合域前,通过设置占位柱,使血液进入分流通道内进行多方向分流进入分流腔室,保证了血液在氧合室内流动分布的均匀性,不易产生液体驻留和流动死区；若干个氧合域将静脉血均匀分散,形成若干个独立的气体交换单元,实现了静脉血与膜丝的充分接触换气,保证了高效的氧合和二氧化碳去除性能,并减少了血液氧合流动路径,减小跨膜压差,提高气体交换性能,提供更好的综合性能。(The invention discloses a multi-cavity oxygenator with a liquid separation drainage structure, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. The oxygenator comprises an oxygenation chamber, a position occupying column and a temperature changing chamber, wherein the position occupying column extends along the axial direction of a flow dividing channel, a plurality of oxygenation areas are further arranged in the oxygenation chamber, a liquid dividing hole is formed in the flow dividing channel, so that a flow dividing chamber is communicated with the oxygenation areas, blood enters the flow dividing channel for multi-directional flow dividing and enters the flow dividing chamber through the position occupying column after passing through a heat exchange chamber and before entering the oxygenation areas, the uniformity of flow distribution of the blood in the oxygenation chamber is ensured, and liquid staying and flow dead areas are not easy to generate; the plurality of oxygenation domains uniformly disperse venous blood to form a plurality of independent gas exchange units, so that the venous blood and the membrane filaments are fully contacted and ventilated, efficient oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal performance is guaranteed, oxygenation flow paths of the blood are reduced, transmembrane pressure difference is reduced, gas exchange performance is improved, and better comprehensive performance is provided.)

1. The utility model provides a multi-chamber oxygenator with divide liquid drainage structure which characterized in that includes:

the oxygenation chamber (1) comprises a hollow shell (11) and a flow dividing channel (12) which is coaxial with the hollow shell (11), and a plurality of oxygenation domains (13) are separated between the hollow shell (11) and the outer wall of the flow dividing channel (12);

the occupation column (2) is arranged in the diversion channel (12) and extends along the axial direction of the diversion channel (12), a partition plate (21) is arranged between the occupation column (2) and the inner wall of the diversion channel (12) and defines at least two diversion chambers (22), and a plurality of diversion holes (131) are formed in the side wall of the diversion channel (12);

the temperature changing chamber (3), one end of the hollow shell (11) is hermetically connected with the temperature changing chamber (3), the joint of the temperature changing chamber (3) and the hollow shell (11) is of a wedge-shaped structure with a set drawing inclination, and a heat exchange chamber of the temperature changing chamber (3) is arranged corresponding to the flow dividing channel (12);

the blood is configured to flow through the temperature-changing chamber (3) into the shunt channel (12) and the oxygenation domain (13) in sequence.

2. The multi-chamber oxygenator with a structure for diverting liquid and draining liquid of claim 1, wherein a number of said oxygenation domains (13) and at least two of said diverting chambers (22) are all radially outwardly radiating.

3. The multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid separation drainage structure of claim 1, wherein the side walls of the flow dividing channels (12) are provided with a plurality of rows of the liquid separation holes (131) at intervals around the axis direction.

4. A multi-chamber oxygenator with liquid separating and draining structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the aperture of each row of said liquid separating holes (131) becomes gradually larger in a direction away from said temperature changing chamber (3).

5. The multi-chamber oxygenator with a structure for diverting liquid according to claim 1, wherein the diverting channel (12) is in the shape of an inverted cone.

6. The multi-chamber oxygenator with a structure for liquid separation and drainage according to claim 1, wherein one end of the occupancy column (2) facing the temperature changing chamber (3) is convexly provided with a flow dividing conical point (23).

7. The multi-chamber oxygenator with liquid separation drainage structure according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising a hollow liquid collecting ring (4), wherein the hollow casing (11) is provided with a blood discharge hole (14), the hollow liquid collecting ring (4) is sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow casing (11), and the liquid collecting ring (4) is communicated with the oxygenation domain (13) through the blood discharge hole (14).

8. The multi-chamber oxygenator with liquid separation drainage structure according to claim 7, wherein the liquid collecting ring (4) is provided with a blood outlet (41) and a pre-charging exhaust port (42) which are protruded outwards along the radial direction, and an artery sampling port (43) is arranged on the side wall of the blood outlet (41).

9. The multi-chamber oxygenator with liquid separation drainage structure according to claim 7, wherein the temperature changing chamber (3) comprises a heat exchange chamber shell (31) and a first heat exchange chamber side cover (32) and a second heat exchange chamber side cover (33) which are arranged at two ends of the heat exchange chamber shell (31), a liquid inlet (34) is arranged on the first heat exchange chamber side cover (32) in a protruding mode, and a liquid outlet (35) is arranged on the second heat exchange chamber side cover (33).

10. The multi-chamber oxygenator with liquid separation drainage structure of claim 9, wherein the bottom of the heat exchange chamber housing (31) is provided with a support structure (5) and a blood inlet (36), and the blood inlet (36) is provided with a vein sampling port (37).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a multi-cavity oxygenator with a liquid separating and drainage structure.

Background

The extracorporeal circulation device for clinical operation is commonly called artificial lung, also known as oxygenator. Oxygenators play an important role as devices for extracorporeal blood oxygenation in extracorporeal Circulation (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). During application, its main role is to convert oxygen-poor venous blood into oxygen-rich arterial blood, so oxygen exchange properties are very important. In addition, blood compatibility is also a concern due to its presence of non-biological surfaces and non-physiological blood flow conditions, where pressure drop conditions across it are of great importance.

It is noted, however, that in general, to increase its oxygen exchange capacity, the blood flow path needs to be increased, and this increase in blood flow path almost always leads to an increase in the transmembrane pressure difference. Therefore, it is very beneficial to develop an oxygenator which balances the influence of two factors and has good comprehensive use effect.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid-separating drainage structure to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid separation drainage structure, which not only ensures the gas exchange performance, but also reduces the transmembrane pressure difference and improves the comprehensive performance of the oxygenator.

In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:

a multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid separation drainage structure, comprising:

the oxygenation chamber comprises a hollow shell and a flow distribution channel which is coaxial with the hollow shell, and a plurality of oxygenation domains are separated between the hollow shell and the outer wall of the flow distribution channel;

the occupation column is arranged in the shunting channel and extends along the axis direction of the shunting channel, a partition plate is arranged between the occupation column and the inner wall of the shunting channel and defines at least two shunting chambers, and a plurality of liquid separation holes are formed in the side wall of the shunting channel;

the temperature changing chamber is in sealing connection with one end of the hollow shell, the joint of the temperature changing chamber and the hollow shell is of a wedge-shaped structure with a set drawing inclination, and a heat exchange cavity of the temperature changing chamber is arranged corresponding to the flow dividing channel;

blood is configured to flow through the temperature change chamber sequentially into the shunt channel and the oxygenation domain.

As an alternative to a multi-chamber oxygenator with a split-flow drainage configuration, a plurality of the oxygenation domains and at least two of the split-flow chambers each radiate radially outward.

As an alternative of the multi-chamber oxygenator with the liquid separation drainage structure, the side wall of the flow dividing channel is provided with a plurality of rows of liquid separation holes at intervals around the axis direction of the flow dividing channel.

As an alternative to the multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid-separating drainage structure, the aperture of each row of liquid-separating holes becomes gradually larger along the direction away from the temperature-changing chamber.

As an alternative to a multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid-separating drainage structure, the shunt channels are in the shape of inverted cones.

As an alternative to the multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid-separating drainage structure, one end of the occupying column facing the temperature-changing chamber is convexly provided with a flow-dividing conical point.

As the optional scheme of the multi-chamber oxygenator with the liquid separating and drainage structure, the oxygenator further comprises a hollow liquid collecting ring, wherein a blood discharging hole is formed in the hollow shell, the hollow liquid collecting ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow shell, and the liquid collecting ring is communicated with the oxygenation domain through the blood discharging hole.

As an alternative of the multi-chamber oxygenator with the liquid separation drainage structure, the liquid collection ring is convexly provided with a bleeding port and a pre-charging exhaust port along the radial direction, and an artery sampling port is formed in the side wall of the bleeding port.

As the alternative of having the multicavity room oxygenator that divides liquid drainage structure, the temperature changing room includes the heat transfer room shell and locates the first side cap of heat transfer room and the second side cap of heat transfer room at heat transfer room shell both ends, the first side cap epirelief of heat transfer room is equipped with the inlet, be provided with the liquid outlet on the second side cap of heat transfer room.

As an alternative of the multi-chamber oxygenator with the liquid separation drainage structure, the bottom of the heat exchange chamber shell is provided with a supporting structure and a blood inlet, and the blood inlet is provided with a vein sampling port.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the multi-chamber oxygenator with the liquid separation and drainage structure, the occupation column extends along the axial direction of the flow distribution channel, the partition plate is additionally arranged between the occupation column and the inner wall of the flow distribution channel to define the flow distribution chamber, the oxygenation chamber is internally provided with a plurality of oxygenation areas, the liquid distribution holes are formed in the flow distribution channel to enable the flow distribution chamber to be communicated with the oxygenation areas, blood enters the flow distribution channel to be subjected to multi-directional flow distribution and enters the flow distribution chamber by arranging the occupation column after passing through the heat exchange chamber and before entering oxygenation, the uniformity of the flow distribution of the blood in the oxygenation chamber is ensured, and liquid residence and flow dead zones are not easy to generate; the design of the plurality of oxygenation domains uniformly disperses venous blood to form a plurality of independent gas exchange units, so that the venous blood and the membrane filaments are fully contacted and ventilated, the efficient oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal performance is ensured, the oxygenation flow path of the blood is reduced, the transmembrane pressure difference is reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the oxygenator is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic assembly of a multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid-separating drainage mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid-separating drainage structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of an oxygenation chamber in an embodiment of the invention (oxygenation chamber lower cover not shown);

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the gas path flow path of an oxygenator in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a blood flow path diagram of an oxygenator in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the waterway flow path of an oxygenator in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an oxygenation chamber in an embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals:

1. an oxygenation chamber; 2. a position occupying column; 3. a temperature-variable chamber; 4. a hollow liquid collecting ring; 5. a support structure;

11. a hollow-type housing; 12. a flow dividing channel; 131. a liquid separation hole; 13. an oxygenation domain; 14. a blood drainage hole; 15. an upper cover of the oxygenation chamber; 16. a lower cover of the oxygenation chamber; 17. an air inlet; 18. an air outlet;

21. a partition plate; 22. a flow diversion chamber; 23. shunting conical points;

31. a heat exchange chamber housing; 32. a heat exchange chamber first side cover; 33. a heat exchange chamber second side cover; 34. a liquid inlet; 35. a liquid outlet; 36. a blood inlet; 37. a venous sampling port;

41. a bleeding opening; 42. pre-charging an exhaust port; 43. an arterial sampling port.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are used only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements to be referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The artificial lung is also called as oxygenator or gas exchanger, and is an artificial organ for replacing human lungs to discharge carbon dioxide and take in oxygen for gas exchange.

Oxygenators are broadly divided into three types: membrane, bubble, and planar contact.

In order to ensure the gas exchange performance of the oxygenator, and not increase the transmembrane pressure difference, and improve the overall performance of the oxygenator, the embodiment provides a multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid separation and drainage structure, which adopts an oxygenation and heat exchange integrated design with a high integration level, and the details of the embodiment are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 7.

As shown in figure 1, the multi-chamber oxygenator with a liquid separation drainage structure comprises an oxygenation chamber 1, a space occupying column 2 and a temperature changing chamber 3.

The oxygenation chamber 1 comprises a hollow shell 11 and a flow distribution channel 12 which is coaxial with the hollow shell 11, and a plurality of oxygenation domains 13 are separated between the hollow shell 11 and the outer wall of the flow distribution channel 12; the occupation column 2 is arranged in the shunting channel 12 and extends along the axial direction of the shunting channel 12, a partition plate 21 is arranged between the occupation column 2 and the inner wall of the shunting channel 12, at least two shunting cavities 22 are defined, and a plurality of shunting holes 131 are formed in the side wall of the shunting channel 12. One end and the temperature changing chamber 3 sealing connection of cavity type casing 11, and the junction design of temperature changing chamber 3 and cavity type casing 11 has wedge connection structure, improves sealing performance, and the connection of deuterogamying is glued, has realized better sealing connection, and the heat transfer cavity and the reposition of redundant personnel passageway 12 of temperature changing chamber 3 correspond the setting. The blood is configured to flow through the temperature-varying chamber 3 into the shunt channel 12 and the oxygenation domain 13 in sequence. Specifically, an oxygenation membrane wire is provided in the oxygenation domain 13.

In short, in the multi-chamber oxygenator with the liquid-separating drainage structure, the occupation column 2 extends along with the flow-dividing channel 12, the partition plate 21 is additionally arranged between the occupation column 2 and the inner wall of the flow-dividing channel 12 to define the flow-dividing chamber 22, the oxygenation chamber 1 is also internally provided with a plurality of oxygenation areas 13, the liquid-dividing holes 131 are arranged on the flow-dividing channel 12 to enable the flow-dividing chamber 22 to be communicated with the oxygenation areas 13, and blood enters the flow-dividing channel 12 to be divided in multiple directions into the flow-dividing chamber 22 by arranging the occupation column 2 before entering oxygenation after passing through the heat exchange chamber, so that the uniformity of flow distribution of the blood in the oxygenation chamber 1 is ensured, and liquid residence and flow dead zones are not easy to generate; the design of the plurality of oxygenation domains 13 uniformly disperses venous blood to form a plurality of independent gas exchange units, so that the venous blood and the membrane filaments are fully contacted and ventilated, the efficient oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal performance is ensured, the oxygenation flow path of the blood is reduced, the transmembrane pressure difference is reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the oxygenator is improved.

Preferably, the plurality of oxygenation domains 13 and the at least two diversion chambers 22 are each radial outward. In other embodiments, the number, shape, structure and arrangement of the oxygenation domains 13 and the diversion chambers 22 can be adaptively changed according to actual use requirements, without being limited thereto. The sectional areas of the liquid separation chamber and the oxygenation area are generally the same in shape, and are rectangular, trapezoidal and the like. The advantage of subregion lies in, disperses blood to different cavities under the design of drainage structure, is favorable to further evenly dispersing venous blood to venous blood and membrane silk fully contact formation thin blood membrane exchange interface carries out high efficiency and takes a breath.

Further, the distribution channel 12 is provided with a plurality of rows of distribution holes 131 at intervals around the axis direction thereof. The shape of the liquid separation holes 131 can be openings in the shape of elongated holes, rectangular holes, circular holes, elliptical holes, and the like, preferably, the liquid separation holes 131 are circular holes, and the inner surfaces of the liquid separation holes 131 are kept smooth and tidy. The use of the dispensing port 131 serves to significantly reduce the transmembrane pressure differential across the oxygenator with little or no reduction in blood oxygenation, thereby providing better overall performance. In other embodiments, the dispensing apertures 131 are elongated apertures.

Further, the aperture of each row of the liquid separation holes 131 becomes gradually larger in a direction away from the temperature changing chamber 3. The oxygen-poor blood flows from the temperature changing chamber 3 to the oxygenation chamber 1, when the blood just enters the branch channel 12, the flow rate is high, the pore diameter of the liquid separation hole 131 is designed to be small, the volume of the liquid separation chamber 22 is filled with the blood, the pore diameter of the liquid separation hole 131 far away from the temperature changing chamber 3 is large, more blood enters the oxygenation domain 13 from the liquid separation hole 131 with the large upper pore diameter, the contact area between the blood and membrane filaments is larger, and the gas exchange efficiency is improved. . Furthermore, the shunt channel 12 is in an inverted cone shape, and is suitable for the situation that the blood flow is large before small. In other embodiments, the aperture of the liquid separation hole 131 can be uniformly sized or gradually reduced in the direction away from the temperature-variable chamber 3 according to the actual use requirement.

Further, as shown in fig. 3, a shunting conical point 23 is convexly arranged at one end of the occupation column 2 facing the temperature-changing chamber 3, and blood is rapidly shunted by additionally arranging the shunting conical point 23.

Further, the oxygenation device also comprises a hollow liquid collecting ring 4, a blood discharging hole 14 is formed in the hollow shell 11, the hollow liquid collecting ring 4 is sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow shell 11, and the liquid collecting ring is communicated with the oxygenation domain 13 through the blood discharging hole 14. Specifically, blood flows into the oxygenation region 13 from bottom to top, then flows through the blood discharge holes 14 after oxygenation exchange, enters the hollow liquid collecting ring 4, the hollow shell 11 is provided with a plurality of blood discharge holes 14 at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the plurality of blood discharge holes 14 are arranged corresponding to the hollow liquid collecting ring 4.

Further, the liquid collecting ring 4 is provided with a bleeding port 41 and a pre-filling exhaust port 42 protruding outward in the radial direction, and an arterial sampling port 43 is provided on the side wall of the bleeding port 41. Specifically, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged at the blood outlet 41, so that the pressure and the temperature of the blood after the blood enters the oxygenator for treatment can be monitored in real time.

Further, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 6, the temperature changing chamber 3 includes a heat exchange chamber housing 31, and a first side cover 32 and a second side cover 33 of the heat exchange chamber, which are disposed at two ends of the heat exchange chamber housing 31, wherein a liquid inlet 34 is disposed on the first side cover 32 of the heat exchange chamber, and a liquid outlet 35 is disposed on the second side cover 33 of the heat exchange chamber. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, 4 and 5, the oxygenation chamber 1 further comprises an oxygenation chamber upper cover 15 and an oxygenation chamber lower cover 16, an air inlet 17 is arranged on the oxygenation chamber upper cover 15, an air outlet 18 is arranged on the oxygenation chamber lower cover 16, a flow path of oxygen flows in from the air inlet 17 above, and after the oxygen flows through the inside of the hollow fiber bundle in the oxygenation domain 13 and is fully exchanged with blood, the oxygen flows out from the air outlet 18 below; the blood flows in from the blood inlet 36 at the lower part, flows through the oxygenation chamber 1 after being heated by the temperature changing chamber 3, and flows out from the blood outlet 41 on the hollow liquid collecting ring 4 after being exchanged with oxygen in the oxygenation domain 13. Furthermore, the oxygenation chamber lower cover 16 is integrally formed with the upper portion of the heat exchange chamber shell 31, a clamping groove is formed in the oxygenation chamber lower cover 16, and the bottom of the hollow shell 11 is inserted into the clamping groove. The outlet of the heat exchange chamber is provided with a boss, the inlet of the flow distribution channel 12 is designed into a groove matched with the boss, the boss can be inserted into the groove and is designed into a wedge shape with certain draft, and the firm assembly and the tightness of the oxygenation chamber 1 and the temperature changing chamber 3 are ensured. And a heat exchange membrane wire is arranged in the heat exchange cavity.

Further, four support structures 5 are arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange chamber shell 31, a blood inlet 36 and a vein blood sampling port 37 are arranged at the center of the bottom of the heat exchange chamber shell 31, and the vein sampling port 37 is arranged on the blood inlet 36. Specifically, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged at the blood inlet 36, so that the pressure and the temperature of the blood before the blood enters the oxygenator for processing can be monitored in real time. The sensor in this embodiment is electrically connected to an external monitoring host.

As shown in fig. 7, solid line arrows indicate the flow direction of blood, broken line arrows indicate the flow direction of water, and wavy line arrows indicate the direction of oxygen.

It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.