阅读说明：本技术 一种利用羊肚菌栽培改善蔬菜大棚次生盐渍化土壤的方法 (Method for improving secondary salinized soil of vegetable greenhouse by using morchella cultivation ) 是由 张津京 陈辉 黄建春 陈明杰 王倩 于 2020-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种利用羊肚菌栽培改善蔬菜大棚次生盐渍化土壤的方法,包括以下技术步骤。(1)大棚土壤预处理、(2)羊肚菌固体栽培菌种培养、(3)羊肚菌播种后培养、(4)羊肚菌菌丝快速增殖培养、(5)羊肚菌菌丝后熟培养、(6)催菇管理和(7)土壤翻耕处理。本发明针对蔬菜大棚高强度复种造成土壤盐渍化的现象,在盐渍化土壤中种植羊肚菌,增加土壤中有机质含量,改善盐渍化土壤营养物质,提高盐渍化土壤性质的方法。(A method for improving secondary salinized soil of a vegetable greenhouse by using morchella cultivation comprises the following technical steps. (1) The method comprises the following steps of (1) greenhouse soil pretreatment, (2) toadstool solid culture strain culture, (3) toadstool seeding and post-culturing, (4) rapid enrichment culture of toadstool hyphae, (5) toadstool hypha post-maturation culture, (6) mushroom forcing management and (7) soil plowing treatment. The invention discloses a method for planting morchella in salinized soil, aiming at the phenomenon of soil salinization caused by high-strength multiple planting of a vegetable greenhouse, and the method can be used for increasing the content of organic matters in the soil, improving nutrient substances of the salinized soil and improving the property of the salinized soil.)

1. A method for improving secondary salinized soil of a vegetable greenhouse by using morchella cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:

step 1: spreading quicklime on the surface of secondary salinized soil of the vegetable greenhouse, and then ploughing the soil; after the plowing is finished, the film of the greenhouse is folded, and the sunlight is exposed to the soil for 14-16 d;

step 2: broadcasting the morchella strain on the surface of soil, then covering 2-3cm of soil on the morchella solid cultivated species, and then covering with a black mulching film; then carrying out spawn running under the conditions that the temperature is 10-15 ℃ and the water content of the soil is 20-28%;

and step 3: after sowing for 10-20 days, placing a nutrition bag on the surface of the soil to supplement nutrition for the morchella hypha in the soil;

and 4, step 4: placing into a nutrition bag for 35-40 days, and under the condition that the soil water content is 20-28%, promoting the densification and the strengthening of morchella mycelium to complete mycelium after-ripening culture and nutrition accumulation;

and 5: after the post-ripening culture of the mycelia is completed, performing mushroom-forcing management when the temperature of the soil begins to rise to 8-9 ℃, uncovering the black mulching film, spraying heavy water to the soil once to enable the water content of the soil to reach more than 25%, and enabling the soil surface not to accumulate water so as to promote the fruiting of the morchella;

step 6: and (3) after the fruiting of the morchella esculenta is finished, unpacking the nutrition bag without damage, uniformly scattering the culture medium degraded by the morchella esculenta mycelium in the nutrition bag into the soil, then carrying out ploughing treatment, and obtaining the soil improved by the cultivation of the morchella esculenta after the ploughing treatment.

2. The method for improving the secondary salinized soil of the vegetable greenhouse by using the cultivation of the morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the usage amount of the quicklime is 50-60 kg/mu; the depth of plowing is 10-20 cm.

3. The method for improving the secondary salinized soil of the vegetable greenhouse by using the cultivation of the morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Morchella strain is at least one of Morchella solid culture strain and Morchella liquid strain.

4. The method for improving the secondary salinized soil of the vegetable greenhouse by using the cultivation of the morchella as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the morchella solid cultivar comprises the following steps: activating the test tube stock, transferring to a PDA culture medium, transferring the morchella strain overgrowing the flat plate to a PDB culture medium, and culturing at 23-27 deg.C for 3-4 days; inoculating liquid stock strain of Morchella esculenta cultured by PDB culture medium onto liquid culture medium of Morchella esculenta, and culturing at 23-27 deg.C in dark for 3-5 days; and finally, inoculating the cultured liquid strain of the morchella to the sterilized and cooled solid culture medium, and then culturing the inoculated solid culture medium in a dark place at the temperature of 23-27 ℃ until the solid culture medium is full of fungus bags to obtain the morchella solid cultivated strain.

5. The method for improving secondary salinized soil of vegetable greenhouse by using morchella esculenta cultivation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the morchella liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: adding 0.5-2.0% white sugar, 0.10-0.3% peptone, 0.6-0.7% soybean meal, 0.05-0.20% KH into 1L distilled water₂PO₄And 0.05-0.10% MgSO₄And sterilizing for 15min at 121 deg.C and 0.15MPa after stirring.

6. The method for improving secondary salinized soil of vegetable greenhouse by using morchella esculenta cultivation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the solid culture medium comprises the following steps: according to the mass fraction, 60 percent of wood chips, 30 percent of corncobs, 1.5 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 7 to 9 percent of bran and 1 to 2 percent of light calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed, then the water content is adjusted to 55 to 65 percent, and then the mixture is sterilized for 2.5 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 121 ℃ and the pressure is 0.15 MPa.

7. The method for improving the secondary salinized soil of the vegetable greenhouse by using the cultivation of the morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2, when the morchella strain is a morchella solid cultivated species, the usage amount per mu is 200 and 300 Kg; when the liquid strain of Morchella is used, the dosage per mu is 50-150 kg.

8. The method for improving the secondary salinized soil of the vegetable greenhouse by using the cultivation of the morchella as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1-3 nutrition packages are placed in each square meter of soil, and the weight of each nutrition package is 300-400 g; the preparation method of the nutrition package comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 36% of wood chips, 33% of corncobs, 30% of wheat grains and 1% of calcium carbonate according to mass fraction, and then adjusting the water content to 55-65%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil treatment, and relates to a method for improving secondary salinized soil of a vegetable greenhouse by using morchella cultivation.

Background

The facility cultivation is one of the important modes of vegetable production in China, and has the characteristics of high yield, high income and the like. However, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are more likely to change due to the characteristics of high temperature, high humidity, high multiple cropping index, high fertilizing amount, high evaporation amount and the like of facility cultivation. In recent years, with the increase of the cultivation period of facilities, the salinization and secondary salinization of soil become more serious, and the yield and quality of vegetables are seriously influenced. Vegetable production cannot be carried out on part of greenhouses with longer planting years, so that the method not only has adverse effects on sustainable development of agriculture and quality of agricultural products in China, but also causes imbalance on soil ecological environment.

Morchella sp is a rare edible fungus with extremely high nutritional and medicinal values. The cultivation mode of the morchella is simpler than that of other edible fungi, namely, morchella strains are directly sown in soil to carry out hypha growth and fruiting management. Compared with the soil, the wheat grains, the rice hulls, the wood chips and the like for preparing the morchella strain are sources of soil organic fertilizers, and the morchella itself is also a fungal resource in the soil.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving secondary salinized soil of a vegetable greenhouse by using morchella cultivation.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for improving secondary salinized soil of a vegetable greenhouse by using morchella cultivation comprises the following steps:

step 1: spreading quicklime on the surface of secondary salinized soil of the vegetable greenhouse, and then ploughing the soil; after the plowing is finished, the film of the greenhouse is folded, and the sunlight is exposed to the soil for 14-16 d;

step 2: broadcasting the morchella strain on the surface of soil, then covering 2-3cm of soil on the morchella solid cultivated species, and then covering with a black mulching film; then carrying out spawn running under the conditions that the temperature is 10-15 ℃ and the water content of the soil is 20-28%;

and step 3: after sowing for 10-20 days, placing a nutrition bag on the surface of the soil to supplement nutrition for the morchella hypha in the soil;

and 4, step 4: placing into a nutrition bag for 35-40 days, and under the condition that the soil water content is 20-28%, promoting the densification and the strengthening of morchella mycelium to complete mycelium after-ripening culture and nutrition accumulation;

and 5: after the post-ripening culture of the mycelia is completed, performing mushroom-forcing management when the temperature of the soil begins to rise to 8-9 ℃, uncovering the black mulching film, spraying heavy water to the soil once to enable the water content of the soil to reach more than 25%, and enabling the soil surface not to accumulate water so as to promote the fruiting of the morchella;

step 6: and (3) after the fruiting of the morchella esculenta is finished, unpacking the nutrition bag without damage, uniformly scattering the culture medium degraded by the morchella esculenta mycelium in the nutrition bag into the soil, then carrying out ploughing treatment, and obtaining the soil improved by the cultivation of the morchella esculenta after the ploughing treatment.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: in the step 1, the usage amount of the quicklime is 50-60 kg/mu; the depth of plowing is 10-20 cm.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the Morchella strain is at least one of Morchella solid culture strain and Morchella liquid strain.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the preparation method of the morchella solid cultivar comprises the following steps: activating the test tube stock, transferring to a PDA culture medium, transferring the morchella strain overgrowing the flat plate to a PDB culture medium, and culturing at 23-27 deg.C for 3-4 days; inoculating liquid stock strain of Morchella esculenta cultured by PDB culture medium onto liquid culture medium of Morchella esculenta, and culturing at 23-27 deg.C in dark for 3-5 days; and finally, inoculating the cultured liquid strain of the morchella to the sterilized and cooled solid culture medium, and then culturing the inoculated solid culture medium in a dark place at the temperature of 23-27 ℃ until the solid culture medium is full of fungus bags to obtain the morchella solid cultivated strain.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the preparation method of the morchella liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: adding 0.5-2.0% white sugar, 0.10-0.3% peptone, 0.6-0.7% soybean meal, 0.05-0.20% KH into 1L distilled water₂PO₄And 0.05-0.10% MgSO₄And sterilizing for 15min at 121 deg.C and 0.15MPa after stirring.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the preparation method of the solid culture medium comprises the following steps: according to the mass fraction, 60 percent of wood chips, 30 percent of corncobs, 1.5 per mill of monopotassium phosphate, 7 to 9 percent of bran and 1 to 2 percent of light calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed, then the water content is adjusted to 55 to 65 percent, and then the mixture is sterilized for 2.5 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 121 ℃ and the pressure is 0.15 MPa.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: in the step 2, when the morchella strain is a morchella solid cultivated species, the usage amount per mu is 200 and 300 Kg; when the liquid strain of Morchella is used, the dosage per mu is 50-150 kg.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: 1-3 nutrition packages are placed in each square meter of soil, and the weight of each nutrition package is 300-400 g; the preparation method of the nutrition package comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 36% of wood chips, 33% of corncobs, 30% of wheat grains and 1% of calcium carbonate according to mass fraction, and then adjusting the water content to 55-65%.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. according to the method, the morchella is planted in the vegetable greenhouse, and on one hand, liquid cultivated species or solid cultivated species of the morchella are inoculated into soil, so that morchella hyphae with strong nutrition and activity are brought into the soil.

2. The nutrient bag degraded by the morchella after fruiting is directly returned to the field, and the nutrient and viable morchella strain is added to the vegetable greenhouse for the second time. The method obviously improves the pH value of the acidified soil and increases the content of organic matters in the soil, thereby improving the salinization of the soil in the vegetable greenhouse and improving the soil fertility; on the other hand, the cultivation of the morchella is also value-added and synergistic for the vegetable greenhouse.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.