阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于玉米科研精确播种的种子带处理装置及方法 (Seed tape processing device and method suitable for scientific research and accurate sowing of corn ) 是由 鲁守平 孟昭东 穆春华 李文兰 李文才 孙琦 于 2020-04-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于作物科研播种领域,公开了一种适用于玉米科研精确播种的种子带处理装置及方法,根据所需的株距、观察道距离进行设定以控制电机缠卷的开关和速度；根据常用的密度,调节触发落粒器的开关,控制落粒；由电机驱动或人工缠卷,依据设定的小区播种行长和小区排间观察道距离,将固定好种子的播种绳卷在卷轴上；同时由电机驱动震动器圆盘将种子分为单粒落下,由株距调节器控制开关落入种子固定装置；种子固定装置中纸带围绕牵引绳旋转,将落下的种子卷到牵引绳上；随着种子固定的过程中,纸卷轴不断供应纸带和牵引绳；缠绕完毕的小区种子利用小区号码标记器进行打码标记。本发明能够精确保障播种株距,精确保障播种留苗数,确保播种密度。(The invention belongs to the field of crop scientific research and seeding, and discloses a seed tape processing device and a method suitable for accurate seeding of corn scientific research, wherein the seed tape processing device and the method are set according to the required plant spacing and the observation path distance so as to control the on-off and the speed of motor winding; adjusting a switch for triggering the falling device according to the common density to control falling; the sowing rope with the seeds fixed is wound on a reel according to the set sowing row length of the subdistrict and the observation path distance between the subdistrict rows by motor driving or manual winding; meanwhile, a vibrator disc is driven by a motor to divide seeds into single seeds to fall down, and the planting distance regulator controls a switch to fall into a seed fixing device; the paper tape in the seed fixing device rotates around the traction rope, and the fallen seeds are wound on the traction rope; the paper reel continuously supplies paper tapes and a traction rope along with the fixation process of the seeds; and (4) marking the wound cell seeds by using a cell number marker. The invention can accurately guarantee the seeding plant spacing, the seeding remaining number and the seeding density.)

1. A seed tape processing method suitable for accurate seeding in scientific research of corns is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, setting according to the required plant spacing and the observation path distance to control the on-off and the speed of the motor winding; adjusting a switch for triggering the falling device to control falling;

secondly, the seeds are wound on a reel by a motor drive or manual winding according to the set cell seeding row length and the inter-cell row observation path distance; meanwhile, the seeds are divided into single seeds to fall down, and the single seeds fall into the seed fixing device through a plant spacing regulator control switch;

thirdly, the paper tape in the seed fixing device rotates around the traction rope, and the fallen seeds are wound on the traction rope; the paper reel continuously supplies paper tapes and a traction rope along with the fixation process of the seeds;

and fourthly, marking the wound cell seeds by using a cell number marker, and marking and sowing the wound cell seeds in the field.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the falling of the seeds is controlled by adjusting the circumference of the circular regulator and adjusting the switch for triggering the falling device according to the density of the seeds.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the vibrator disc is driven by a motor to control the seeds to fall into single seeds.

4. The method for handling a seed tape suitable for precision sowing of corn in scientific research as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the cell number marker is set by scanning codes or by human.

5. A seed tape processing device suitable for accurate sowing for scientific research on corn for implementing the seed tape processing method suitable for accurate sowing for scientific research on corn as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the seed tape processing device suitable for accurate sowing for scientific research on corn is provided with:

a seed tape weaving rack;

the upper end of the seed belt knitting frame is provided with a hopper, and the lower end of the hopper is provided with an outer grooved wheel seed sowing device; the outer grooved wheel seed sowing device is connected with a vacuum seed sowing device through a seed conveying pipe, and the vacuum seed sowing device is connected with a seed box;

the lower end of the seed belt braider is fixed with a seed sowing motor through a bolt, and the seed sowing motor is connected with a belt wheel on the outer side of the vacuum seed sowing device through a conveying belt.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein a winding device is provided in the middle of the seed tape braiding machine, a seed rope roller is provided at the left end of the seed tape braiding machine, a pulley outside the seed rope roller is connected with a winding roller motor, the winding roller motor is fixed at the lower end of the seed tape braiding machine through a bolt, and the winding roller motor is connected with the winding device through a pulley structure.

7. The method for processing the seed belt suitable for scientific research and accurate sowing of the corn as claimed in claim 5, wherein the outer grooved wheel seed sowing device is connected with a fan through a guide pipe, and the fan is fixed at the lower end of a seed belt braiding machine through a bolt; the fan is connected with the vacuum seed sowing device through a guide pipe, and the guide pipe of the fan and the vacuum seed sowing device is provided with a barometer.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop scientific research and seeding, and particularly relates to a seed tape processing device and method suitable for accurate seeding in corn scientific research.

Background

Currently, the closest prior art: in scientific research activities such as corn breeding and cultivation experiments, seeding is an initial link for developing scientific research topics. Through the link, the seedlings are complete, aligned and strong, which is the basis for success of scientific research topics, and the quality of the seedlings directly influences the quality of the whole scientific research test by more than 70%. At present, most of the scientific research units adopt manual seeding in the corn seeding link, except that a few of larger scientific research units and species companies are equipped with foreign advanced cell precision seeding. The common method is that the machine revolves the ground and then ditches at equal intervals, a seeding rod or a plant spacing rope is used for determining the plant spacing, soil is covered after manual dibbling or a simple dibbling gun is used for manual dibbling, and then head water is poured. Due to the fact that the quality of sowing workers is uneven and the responsibility is not strong, the number of sowed seedlings is not enough, the sowing distance is difficult to carry out according to the requirement, and the density is not uniform; the manual earthing is not uniform, so that the sowing depth is different; when the watering amount is too large, shallow seeds are washed away, so that the uniformity of the seeding density is influenced; the seedlings emerge unevenly, the seeding in the observation channels of the plot is uneven, and the quality of the scientific research test is seriously influenced.

International advanced seed companies are generally equipped with advanced cell seeders, such as american Almaco cell precision seeder, austria witterstein precision seeder and germany Haldrup precision seeder, so that single-seed precision seeding can be realized, the number of sowed seeds is ensured, and serious insufficient and uneven sowing and seedling protecting number caused by uneven quality of sower is avoided; the uniform sowing depth and the neat sowing are ensured, and the defect of inconsistent sowing depth of manual sowing is overcome; the mechanical sowing has uniform soil covering and good soil moisture preservation, and overcomes the defects of influence on the emergence rate and the uniformity of seeds caused by dry and wet soil mixing, soil moisture airing and soil moisture leakage and the like caused by manual soil covering; the seeding speed is high, the efficiency is high, the defects that the seeding time is prolonged and the seeding time of the same group of experiments is inconsistent in the case of manual seeding in a large experiment area are overcome, and the experiment errors are reduced. However, these precision seeding machines are expensive, require special personnel to operate and are complex to operate, have uneven cell observation paths or need to be additionally equipped with a GPS positioning device, have high requirements on operators, expensive maintenance accessories and long supply period, and have high requirements on land parcels: the land needs to be neat and flat, fine and tidy, is generally not suitable for wheat stubble land seeding, needs to reserve a larger land head for machine turning, wastes precious test land resources and the like. These disadvantages limit their use in most research units and species companies in China.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the uniformity of the scientific research test quality is difficult to ensure through artificial sowing; the existing precision seeder is expensive, low in popularization rate, needs a specially-assigned person to operate and is complex to operate; the district observation way is to the line irregularity or need additionally to be equipped with GPS positioner, and is higher to the manipulator requirement, and the maintenance accessory is expensive to the supply cycle is long, needs meticulous soil preparation not to be suitable for wheat stubble field seeding, waste test land etc..

The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: for crop scientific research, due to high labor intensity and poor field labor environment, field labor is generally in short supply, the age of the labor is large, the knowledge level is low, and the operation quality of a field test is difficult to improve through technical training; the cell precision seeder is high in price, high in operation difficulty and low in popularization rate, and is not suitable for the actual situation of scientific research in China.

The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the sowing problem of scientific research experiments is mainly solved, the corn seeds are fixed on the sowing belt in advance according to the requirements of the experiments through the special device, the sowing quality can be improved, the sowing density can be particularly and accurately ensured, the sowing efficiency is improved, the sowing cost is reduced, and therefore a good foundation is laid for the scientific experiments.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a seed tape processing device and a method suitable for scientific research and accurate seeding of corn, wherein before seeding, according to the requirements of area and plant spacing required by experiments, seeds to be seeded are fixed on a special strip rope by using a special water-soluble paper tape according to the set plant spacing and the observation path distance; through simple and easy machinery or manual seeding under current seeding condition, can realize accurate seeding, guarantee seeding plant spacing, seeding density, guarantee observation way parallel and level improve seeding quality and experimental quality, improve the efficiency of seeding simultaneously, reduce the seeding cost.

The invention is realized in such a way that a seed tape processing method suitable for scientific research and accurate seeding of corn comprises the following steps:

step one, setting according to the required plant spacing and the observation path distance to control the on-off and the speed of the motor winding; adjusting a switch for triggering the falling device to control falling;

secondly, the seeds are wound on a reel by a motor drive or manual winding according to the set cell seeding row length and the inter-cell row observation path distance; meanwhile, the seeds are divided into single seeds to fall down, and the single seeds fall into the seed fixing device through a plant spacing regulator control switch;

thirdly, the paper tape in the seed fixing device rotates around the traction rope, and the fallen seeds are wound on the traction rope; the paper reel continuously supplies paper tapes and a traction rope along with the fixation process of the seeds;

and fourthly, marking the wound cell seeds by using a cell number marker, and marking and sowing the wound cell seeds in the field.

Further, in the first step, the switch triggering the falling device is adjusted by adjusting the perimeter of the circular adjuster according to the commonly used density, so as to control the falling.

Further, in the second step, the vibrator disc is driven by the motor to control the seeds to fall into single particles.

Further, in the fourth step, the cell number marker is set by scanning codes or by human.

The invention also provides a seed tape processing device suitable for scientific research and accurate sowing of corns, which implements the seed tape processing method suitable for scientific research and accurate sowing of corns, and is provided with:

a seed tape weaving rack;

the upper end of the seed belt knitting frame is provided with a hopper, and the lower end of the hopper is provided with an outer grooved wheel seed sowing device; the outer grooved wheel seed sowing device is connected with a vacuum seed sowing device through a seed conveying pipe, and the vacuum seed sowing device is connected with a seed box;

the lower end of the seed belt braider is fixed with a seed sowing motor through a bolt, and the seed sowing motor is connected with a belt wheel on the outer side of the vacuum seed sowing device through a conveying belt.

Furthermore, a winding device is arranged in the middle of the seed tape braiding machine, a seed rope roller is arranged at the left end of the seed tape braiding machine, a belt wheel outside the seed rope roller is connected with a winding roller motor, the winding roller motor is fixed at the lower end of the seed tape braiding machine through a bolt, and the winding roller motor is connected with the winding device through a belt wheel structure.

Further, the outer grooved wheel seed sowing device is connected with a fan through a guide pipe, and the fan is fixed at the lower end of the seed belt knitting machine through a bolt; the fan is connected with the vacuum seed sowing device through a guide pipe, and the guide pipe of the fan and the vacuum seed sowing device is provided with a barometer.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the invention can accurately guarantee the planting distance of the sowing, and before the experimental sowing, the seeds are fixed on the strip-shaped sowing rope according to the preset planting distance, so that the planting distance of the sowing can be accurately guaranteed, and the problem of uneven sowing density caused by the quality problem of workers in the commonly adopted manual sowing technology is solved; the number of the sowed and remained seedlings can be accurately ensured, and the sowing density is ensured; before sowing, a certain amount of seeds can be fixed on a banded sowing rope with the required length by controlling the falling device accurately according to the test density, so that the number of the remained seedlings in unit area is ensured, and the problem of uneven density caused by seed missing and multicast in manual sowing is solved; the length of a seeding cell and the distance of an observation channel between adjacent cells can be accurately controlled, the observation channel distance required by the field is planned on a strip-shaped seeding rope in advance, the rows are accurately aligned, and the post-seeding field test investigation is facilitated; automatically marking cell codes, and automatically marking the cell codes after the winding of the seeds in each cell is finished through code scanning or manual setting so as to prevent disorder; the problem of quick sowing in the field is solved, the sowing efficiency is improved, and the sowing cost is reduced; during sowing, the sowing rope is placed in the sowing ditch manually or by a simple machine, so that the labor intensity of field operation is reduced, the sowing speed in the field is improved, manual operation is fast and accurate, the problems of high labor intensity, low sowing efficiency and high requirement on operators due to the need of special operators in the existing cell sowing machine are solved; temporary fixation of seeds is realized, mechanical pressing is matched after sowing, the problem of watering and seed washing caused by shallow sowing or uneven earthing in manual sowing is solved, the number of the preserved seedlings is increased, and the seedling preservation density is guaranteed; the fixed paper tape can be attached with seed fertilizer, medicament and water-retaining agent, so that the sowing quality of seeds is improved, the disease and insect pests are reduced, the suction expansion of the seeds is promoted, and the uniform and strong seedlings are ensured.

The invention accurately fixes the seeds to be sown on the sowing rope through the mechanical device, can accurately sow the quantity and the sowing distance of the seeds, solves the problems of seed missing and uneven density caused by multicast in artificial sowing, and provides an accurate basis for scientific research activities such as various corn cultivation, breeding test and the like. The invention transfers the manual uncontrollable seeding operation in the field to the indoor for operation, thereby greatly improving the field seeding efficiency, reducing the number of field labor force, reducing the labor intensity and lowering the seeding cost. The invention can combine the seeds to be sown with the sowing ropes attached with seed fertilizers, medicaments and water retention agents through a mechanical device, improve the sowing quality of the seeds, reduce diseases and insect pests, promote the suction expansion of the seeds, ensure the uniform and strong seedlings and improve the sowing and seedling emergence effects. The invention can set and control the speed and the winding distance of the winding machine by the machine in advance according to the length and the row spacing of the seeding cells required by the experiment, and can accurately control the row spacing of the seeding cells through field manual fine adjustment, thereby improving the performability of the corn scientific research experiment. The cell number identification is automatically marked, and the identification of the field cell is printed on the seed belt in advance according to the arrangement of the field, so that the field sowing operation is facilitated.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a seed tape processing method suitable for scientific research and accurate sowing of corn provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seed tape processing device suitable for scientific research and accurate seeding of corns, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the principle of sowing and processing corn seeds according to the embodiment of the invention.

In the figure: 1. a hopper; 2. an outer grooved wheel seed sowing device; 3. a seed conveying pipe; 4. a vacuum seed sowing device; 5. a seed box; 6. a seed tape; 7. a seed discharging motor; 8. a fan; 9. a winding roller motor; 10. a rope roller; 11. a seed rope; 12. a winding device; 13. a barometer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the seed tape processing method suitable for scientific research and accurate sowing of corn provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101: setting according to the required plant spacing and the observation path distance to control the on-off and the speed of the motor winding; meanwhile, according to the commonly used density, the switch triggering the falling device is adjusted by adjusting the perimeter of the circular adjuster, so as to control the falling.

S102: the sowing rope with the seeds fixed is wound on a reel according to the set sowing row length of the subdistrict and the observation path distance between the subdistrict rows by motor driving or manual winding; meanwhile, the vibrator disc is driven by the motor to divide the seeds into single seeds to fall down, and the planting distance regulator controls the switch to fall into the seed fixing device.

S103: the paper tape in the seed fixing device rotates around the traction rope, and the fallen seeds are wound on the traction rope; the paper reel continuously supplies paper tape and the pulling rope along with the process of fixing the seeds.

S104: and (3) marking the wound cell seeds by scanning codes or manually setting by using a cell number marker, and marking the wound cell seeds and performing identification and field sowing.

As shown in fig. 2, the seed tape processing device for scientific research and accurate seeding of corn provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a seed tape weaving rack, wherein the upper end of the seed tape weaving rack is provided with a hopper 1, and the lower end of the hopper 1 is provided with an outer grooved wheel seed metering device 2; the outer grooved wheel seed sowing device 2 is connected with a vacuum seed sowing device 4 through a seed conveying pipe 3, and the vacuum seed sowing device 4 is connected with a seed box 5.

A seed sowing motor 7 is fixed at the lower end of the seed belt braider through a bolt, and the seed sowing motor 7 is connected with a belt wheel at the outer side of the vacuum seed sowing device 4 through a conveying belt; the middle of the seed tape braiding machine is provided with a winding device 12, the left end of the seed tape braiding machine is provided with a seed rope roller 10, a belt wheel outside the seed rope roller 10 is connected with a winding roller motor 9, the winding roller motor 9 is fixed at the lower end of the seed tape braiding machine through a bolt, and the winding roller motor 9 is connected with the winding device 12 through a belt wheel structure.

The outer grooved wheel seed sowing device 2 is connected with a fan 8 through a guide pipe, and the fan 8 is fixed at the lower end of a seed belt knitting machine through a bolt; the fan 8 is connected with the vacuum seed sowing device 4 through a guide pipe, and the guide pipes of the fan 8 and the vacuum seed sowing device 4 are provided with barometers 13.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 3.

Setting according to the required plant spacing and the observation path distance to control the on-off and the speed of the motor winding; meanwhile, according to the common density, the switch of the trigger falling device is adjusted by adjusting the perimeter of the round plant spacing adjuster to control falling; the seed tape winder is driven by a motor or wound manually, and a sowing rope with seeds fixed is wound on a reel according to the set sowing row length of the cell and the observation path distance between rows of the cell; meanwhile, the seed falling device divides the seeds into single seeds to fall down by a vibrator disc driven by a motor, and the seeds fall into the seed fixing device by a plant spacing regulator control switch. The paper tape in the seed fixing device rotates around the traction rope, and the fallen seeds are wound on the traction rope; the paper reel continuously supplies paper tapes and a traction rope along with the fixation process of the seeds; and (3) marking the wound cell seeds by scanning codes or manually setting by using a cell number marker, and marking the wound cell seeds and performing identification and field sowing.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: the seeding motor 1, the fan 8 and the roller winding motor 9 are powered on, and corresponding seeds are added into the hopper 1; the outer grooved wheel seed sowing device 2 is used for sowing seeds, the seeds which are sowed in the vacuum seed sowing device 4 through the seed conveying pipe 3, and the switch of the seed dropping device is adjusted and triggered to control the dropping; meanwhile, the fan 8 respectively inflates air to the outer grooved wheel seed sowing device 2 and the vacuum seed sowing device to assist in seed discharging. The seeds are fixed on the seed tape 6, and the fallen seeds are wound on the seed rope 11 through the winding device 12; the seed rope roller 10 continuously supplies the paper tape and the seed rope 11 as the seeds are fixed.

Exemplary description of comparative tests for maize varieties:

in the comparative test of summer sowing of corn varieties, the previous stubble of a test field is assumed to be wheat, the test field is 100m long and 72m wide, the field planting density is set to be 5000 plants/mu, the cell is 4 rows (5 m long), the row spacing is 0.60m, the row spacing is 22cm, 24 plants are sowed in each row, the large walkway (observation path) is set to be 1.5 m, the small walkway (spacer) is set to be 0.5 m, 4 rows of protection rows at two ends are respectively set, the test sowing rows are set to be 112 rows in total, 15 rows are identified in the test, the test cells are arranged in total, the sowing in the same test field needs to be completed in the same day, and then watering is carried out.

If manual seeding is adopted, each person needs to count according to 150 rows of seeding every day, and the total number of workers is 12 per day. The spacing amplitude of manual dibbling is about 5-10cm generally, and phenomena of missed seeding, reseeding, inconsistent seeding depth, uneven soil application and the like generally exist.

If a cell seeder is adopted for seeding, turning areas of 6-10 meters are required to be reserved at the two ends of the field, the number of test cells is correspondingly reduced by 56, the stubble of the wheat at the previous crop is required to be thoroughly crushed and removed, fine soil preparation is required, and the soil preparation cost is multiplied.

If the device and the method of the invention are adopted, the tested seeds can be accurately fixed on the sowing rope with the length of 100m according to the set planting distance and the observation track distance in a mode of 22cm x 24-150 cm-50 cm before sowing, and 112 rolls are counted; the seeding can be completed by 3 workers, so that the accuracy of seeding is improved, the seeding efficiency is improved, and the labor cost is reduced.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.