阅读说明：本技术 硫系玻璃光学元件的连续式成形方法及装置 (Continuous forming method and device for chalcogenide glass optical element ) 是由 赵华 刘永华 祖成奎 周鹏 张瑞 高宁 曹亚帅 韩滨 何坤 于 2020-05-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明是关于一种硫系玻璃光学元件的连续式成形方法,其包括：在同一密闭腔室内,在惰性气氛下,对硫系玻璃预制件依次进行预热、成形和退火,其中,总模级数大于等于8级,所述成形的模级数大于等于3级,且所述成形的模级数与所述退火的模级数之比不大于1:1。本发明还提出了一种成形模具以及包含其的硫系玻璃光学元件的连续式成形装置,该成形模具从上到下依次包括上模套、上模仁、下模仁和下模套。通过对多穴连续式精密模压成形技术中预热温度、成形温度、退火温度、成形压力、模具位移进量等多个参数的配合节点进行限定,实现硫系玻璃光学元件连续式精密模压成形；采用低成本模套和高精度模仁组合结构,降低制造成本、提高生产效率。(The invention relates to a continuous forming method of a chalcogenide glass optical element, which comprises the following steps: in the same closed cavity, under the inert atmosphere, sequentially preheating, forming and annealing the chalcogenide glass prefabricated member, wherein the total mold number is more than or equal to 8, the forming mold number is more than or equal to 3, and the ratio of the forming mold number to the annealing mold number is not more than 1: 1. The invention also provides a forming die and a continuous forming device of the chalcogenide glass optical element comprising the forming die. The continuous precise die pressing forming of the chalcogenide glass optical element is realized by limiting the matched nodes of a plurality of parameters such as preheating temperature, forming temperature, annealing temperature, forming pressure, die displacement input and the like in the multi-cavity continuous precise die pressing forming technology; the combined structure of the low-cost die sleeve and the high-precision die core is adopted, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.)

1. A method for continuously forming a chalcogenide glass optical element, comprising:

sequentially preheating, forming and annealing the chalcogenide glass prefabricated part in the same closed cavity in an inert atmosphere, wherein the total mold number of the preheating, the forming and the annealing is more than or equal to 8, the mold number of the forming is more than or equal to 3, and the ratio of the mold number of the forming to the mold number of the annealing is not more than 1: 1.

2. The continuous forming process for chalcogenide glass optical elements as claimed in claim 1 wherein the preheated die-level temperature satisfies Tg +60 ℃ T Tg +100 ℃ and the preheated die-level residence time satisfies 3min T30 min.

3. The continuous method of forming chalcogenide glass optical elements as claimed in claim 1 wherein the die-level temperature of the forming satisfies Tg +50 ℃ T Tg +80 ℃ and the die-level residence time of the forming satisfies 1.8min T5 min.

4. The continuous forming process for chalcogenide glass optical elements as claimed in claim 1 wherein the annealed die-level temperature is Tg +10 ℃ T Tg-100 ℃ and the annealed die-level residence time is T3 min.

5. The continuous forming method of chalcogenide glass optical elements according to claim 1, wherein the applied load is in Gaussian distribution towards both sides at the center of the forming die stage, the load is adjustable between 0.8 MPa and 8.0MPa, the loading time center at a certain die stage is symmetrical to the die stage residence time, and the total loading time is 1.8min ≦ t ≦ 5 min.

6. The continuous molding method for a chalcogenide glass optical element according to claim 1, wherein a displacement control accuracy of the mold is 0.001mm or less and a mold moving time between molds is 5s or less.

7. A forming die is used for continuous forming of chalcogenide glass optical elements and is characterized by comprising an upper die sleeve, an upper die core, a lower die core and a lower die sleeve from top to bottom in sequence; the upper die sleeve is detachably and fixedly connected with the upper die core, and the lower die sleeve is detachably and fixedly connected with the lower die core; and a mold cavity enclosed by the lower end surface of the upper mold core and the upper end surface of the lower mold core is used for accommodating chalcogenide glass to be formed.

8. The forming die of claim 7, wherein the upper die core and the lower die core respectively comprise a surface-shaped pressing area, an annular groove area, an end surface positioning area and a radial positioning area which are sequentially arranged from the center to the outside, and the annular groove area is positioned outside the excircle area of chalcogenide glass and is used for releasing redundant materials during the die pressing and filling process of chalcogenide glass.

9. The forming die of claim 7, wherein the upper die sleeve and the upper die core are connected in a nut inner embedding manner, and the lower die sleeve and the lower die core are connected in a nut inner embedding manner.

10. The forming die of claim 7, wherein the upper die sleeve and the lower die sleeve are made of ceramic or graphite; the upper die core and the lower die core are made of die steel or alloy tungsten carbide.

11. A continuous forming device of chalcogenide glass optical elements comprises a forming chamber, and is characterized in that the forming chamber is a sealing structure; the continuous forming apparatus further includes:

a mold guide installed inside the forming chamber;

the lower bottom plate of the mould is arranged on the guide rail of the mould, and the upper surface of the lower bottom plate of the mould is provided with at least one positioning groove for positioning the lower die sleeve;

the lower surface of the upper bottom plate of the die is provided with at least one positioning groove for positioning the upper die sleeve;

a forming die according to any one of claims 7 to 10; the upper die sleeve is arranged on the upper bottom plate of the die, and the lower die sleeve is arranged on the lower bottom plate of the die;

and the mould pressing cylinder penetrates through the top plate of the forming chamber and is connected with the upper bottom plate of the mould.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical glass profiling, and particularly relates to a continuous forming method and device for chalcogenide glass optical elements.

Background

The infrared thermal imaging technology has the advantages of long acting distance, good anti-interference performance, strong smoke penetration and fog breaking capability, all-weather and all-day operation and the like. The infrared thermal imaging technology has quite wide application field, and is applied to various aspects such as civil field material defect detection and evaluation, building energy saving evaluation, equipment state thermal diagnosis, production process monitoring, automatic testing, disaster reduction and prevention and the like from military night vision reconnaissance, weapon gun aiming, night vision guidance, infrared search and tracking, satellite remote sensing and the like. The technology mainly observes a target in real time, dynamically analyzes the 'hot trace' of the track of the target, breaks through the traditional sense of human, and further helps human to find potential threats, so that the infrared thermal imaging technology is applied in a large quantity to cause the revolutionary change of many industries.

Among a plurality of infrared materials, the infrared chalcogenide glass has an important function in reducing and even eliminating the thermal difference and chromatic aberration of an infrared optical system, is taken as a core material of a new-generation temperature self-adaptive infrared optical system, and has wide application prospect in the fields of shouldering gun aiming, warship missile, civil vehicle-mounted night vision, interstellar life detection, other tip uncooled infrared thermal imaging optical systems and the like. Therefore, chalcogenide glass element preparation and forming technology has become a hot spot of research in the field of photoelectric infrared functional materials.

The chalcogenide glass is used as a basic material of an infrared optical system, and has the defects of large dispersion coefficient, and the chalcogenide glass needs to be processed into elements with complex surface shapes in practical application, and the existing element processing technology is difficult to meet the processing requirements of chalcogenide glass optical elements with high precision, multiple varieties and small batch. The precision die-pressing forming technology is one of the accepted precision forming technologies of optical elements by international mainstream research and development units, is suitable for batch preparation of shaped and complex surface-shaped products, and is one of the most advanced technologies capable of batch production of high-precision and complex surface-shaped optical elements at present. The precision mould pressing forming technology is divided into a single-cavity intermittent precision mould pressing method and a multi-cavity continuous precision mould pressing method, the softening, mould pressing and annealing processes of a mould and a workpiece are sequentially finished at a fixed position of a single hearth by the currently adopted single-cavity intermittent precision mould pressing forming method, although the problem of material waste is solved, the production efficiency is still low due to an intermittent working mode, the product consistency cannot be guaranteed, and the requirement of batch production cannot be met. The multi-hole continuous precise die forming technology has outstanding advantages in greatly improving the production efficiency and ensuring the consistency of products. However, chalcogenide glasses have the disadvantage of unstable thermodynamic properties, which limits their application in press molding. Compared with the current mature visible light glass mould pressing, the infrared chalcogenide glass mould pressing forming belongs to a new emerging technology. In the process of mould pressing, the mould and the prefabricated member need to be heated to the softening temperature point of glass, and then the pressing forming is carried out. The expansion coefficient of chalcogenide glass is far larger than that of a mould pressing material, so that the stress of an optical part is difficult to completely release in a closed mould, and the phenomena of edge breakage and fragmentation are easily generated in the pressing process. Therefore, the forming quality is difficult to satisfy the technical requirements.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a continuous forming method and a continuous forming device for a chalcogenide glass optical element, which aim to solve the technical problem of continuously and precisely forming the chalcogenide glass optical element by compression and improve the forming quality.

The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The invention provides a continuous forming method of a chalcogenide glass optical element, which comprises the following steps:

sequentially preheating, forming and annealing the chalcogenide glass prefabricated part in the same closed cavity in an inert atmosphere, wherein the total mold number of the preheating, the forming and the annealing is more than or equal to 8, the mold number of the forming is more than or equal to 3, and the ratio of the mold number of the forming to the mold number of the annealing is not more than 1: 1.

The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.

Preferably, the continuous forming method of a chalcogenide glass optical element described above, wherein the preheated mold-level temperature satisfies Tg +60 ℃ T.ltoreq.Tg +100 ℃, and the preheated mold-level residence time satisfies 3min t.ltoreq.30 min.

Preferably, the continuous forming method of chalcogenide glass optical elements described above, wherein the forming temperature of the forming satisfies Tg +50 ℃ T.ltoreq.Tg +80 ℃, and the mold-level residence time of the forming satisfies 1.8min t.ltoreq.5 min.

Preferably, the continuous forming method of chalcogenide glass optical elements described above, wherein the die temperature of annealing is such that Tg +10 ℃ T. ltoreq. Tg-100 ℃ and the die residence time of annealing is such that t.gtoreq.3 min.

Preferably, in the continuous forming method of chalcogenide glass optical elements, the applied load is in Gaussian distribution towards two sides at the center of the forming die stage, the load is adjustable between 0.8 MPa and 8.0MPa, the loading time center at a certain die stage is symmetrical to the die stage residence time, and the total loading time is 1.8min ≦ t ≦ 5 min.

Preferably, in the above method for continuously forming a chalcogenide glass optical element, the displacement control accuracy of the mold is 0.001mm or less, and the mold moving time between the molds is 5s or less.

The object of the present invention and the technical problem to be solved are also achieved by the following technical means. The forming die provided by the invention is used for continuously forming chalcogenide glass optical elements, and sequentially comprises an upper die sleeve, an upper die core, a lower die core and a lower die sleeve from top to bottom; the upper die sleeve is detachably and fixedly connected with the upper die core, and the lower die sleeve is detachably and fixedly connected with the lower die core; and a mold cavity enclosed by the lower end surface of the upper mold core and the upper end surface of the lower mold core is used for accommodating chalcogenide glass to be formed.

The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.

Preferably, in the forming mold, the upper mold core and the lower mold core respectively include a surface-shaped pressing area, an annular groove area, an end surface positioning area and a radial positioning area which are sequentially arranged from the center to the outside, and the annular groove area is located outside an outer circle area of chalcogenide glass and is used for releasing redundant materials during the molding and filling process of chalcogenide glass.

Preferably, in the forming mold, the upper mold sleeve and the upper mold core are connected in a nut inner embedding manner, and the lower mold sleeve and the lower mold core are connected in a nut inner embedding manner.

Preferably, in the forming mold, the upper mold sleeve and the lower mold sleeve are made of ceramic or graphite; the upper die core and the lower die core are made of die steel or alloy tungsten carbide.

The object of the present invention and the technical problem to be solved are also achieved by the following technical means. The continuous forming device for the chalcogenide glass optical element comprises a forming chamber, a forming chamber and a control device, wherein the forming chamber is a sealing structure; the continuous forming apparatus further includes:

a mold guide installed inside the forming chamber;

the lower bottom plate of the mould is arranged on the guide rail of the mould, and the upper surface of the lower bottom plate of the mould is provided with at least one positioning groove for positioning the lower die sleeve;

the lower surface of the upper bottom plate of the die is provided with at least one positioning groove for positioning the upper die sleeve;

a forming die, the forming die being any one of the forming dies described above; the upper die sleeve is arranged on the upper bottom plate of the die, and the lower die sleeve is arranged on the lower bottom plate of the die;

and the mould pressing cylinder penetrates through the top plate of the forming chamber and is connected with the upper bottom plate of the mould.

By the technical scheme, the continuous forming method and the continuous forming device for the chalcogenide glass optical element, which are provided by the invention, have the advantages that:

1. the continuous forming method of the chalcogenide glass optical element sequentially preheats, forms and anneals a chalcogenide glass prefabricated part, and realizes continuous precise die forming of the chalcogenide glass optical element and improves the forming precision by controlling the total die number to be more than or equal to 8, the forming die number to be more than or equal to 3 and the ratio of the forming die number to the annealing die number to be not more than 1: 1.

The invention further limits the matching nodes of a plurality of parameters such as preheating temperature, forming temperature, annealing temperature, forming pressure, mold displacement input and the like, realizes multi-hole continuous precise mold pressing forming, continuously produces chalcogenide glass optical elements in batches and improves the production efficiency.

2. The forming die comprises an upper die sleeve, an upper die core, a lower die core and a lower die sleeve from top to bottom in sequence, adopts a combined structure, and can press different chalcogenide glass optical elements by only replacing the upper die core and the lower die core when the chalcogenide glass optical elements with small size change are manufactured, so that the forming die is convenient and quick, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Furthermore, the upper die sleeve and the lower die sleeve are made of ceramic or graphite; the upper mold core and the lower mold core are made of mold steel or alloy tungsten carbide. The manufacturing cost is reduced by adopting a low-cost die sleeve and high-precision die core combined structure.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a forming die according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lower mold core according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a mold upper base plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a lower mold plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a continuous molding apparatus for a chalcogenide glass optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a continuous molding apparatus for a chalcogenide glass optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given of the method and apparatus for continuously forming chalcogenide glass optical elements according to the present invention, and the embodiments, structures, features and effects thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for continuously forming a chalcogenide glass optical element, which specifically comprises the steps of: in the same closed cavity, under the inert atmosphere, sequentially preheating, forming and annealing the chalcogenide glass prefabricated part, wherein the total die number of the preheating, the forming and the annealing is more than or equal to 8, the forming die number is more than or equal to 3, the ratio of the forming die number to the annealing die number is not more than 1:1, and the multi-station die numbers adopt an isothermal uniform heating mode of an upper heating block and a lower heating block. Meanwhile, the matched nodes of a plurality of parameters such as preheating temperature, forming temperature, annealing temperature, forming pressure, mold displacement input and the like are limited, the preheating mold stage temperature meets the condition that T is more than or equal to Tg +60 ℃ and less than or equal to Tg +100 ℃, the preheating station mold stage temperature distribution is in a gradual increasing mode, the preheating mold stage residence time is more than or equal to 3min and less than or equal to T and less than or equal to 30min, the preheating time of the preheating mold stage is evenly distributed among different preheating mold stages, and no load is applied in the preheating process; the forming temperature meets the condition that T is more than or equal to Tg +50 ℃ and less than or equal to Tg +80 ℃, the temperature distribution of the forming station mould level is gradient cooling, the retention time of a sample on the forming mould level is more than or equal to 1.8min and less than or equal to T and less than or equal to 5min, and the preheating time of the forming mould level adopts an average distribution mode among different mould levels; the temperature of the annealing die level meets the condition that T is more than or equal to Tg +10 ℃ and less than or equal to Tg-100 ℃, the annealing die level presents a gradient cooling mode from high temperature to low temperature, and the retention time T of a sample on the annealing die level is more than or equal to 3 min; the residence time is uniformly distributed among the annealing mould stages. The residence time is generally distributed according to the same module time. In the forming process, only a load is applied at the forming die stage, the applied load is in Gaussian distribution towards two sides at the center of the forming die stage, the load is adjustable between 0.8 MPa and 8.0MPa, the loading time center at a certain die stage is symmetrical to the die stage residence time, and the total loading time is less than 1.8min and t is less than or equal to 5 min; the displacement of the mould adopts an electric control shaft pushing mode, the displacement input is measured by a linear scale, the displacement control precision is better than 0.001mm, and the moving time of the mould between mould stages is less than or equal to 5 s.

As used herein, "number of die stages" refers to the number of times of die forming, and specifically, in the continuous precision die forming process, one die stage is formed by the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the die pressing cylinder. In the present embodiment, the total number of mold stages is 8 or more, which means that the molding cylinder reciprocates up and down at least 8 times during the preheating, forming and annealing processes. When the mould pressing cylinder drives the upper bottom plate of the mould to reciprocate up and down, the mould pushing cylinder drives the lower bottom plate of the mould to horizontally move along the rectangular mould guide rail. For example, in the forming process, when only one molding cylinder is provided, one molding cylinder drives one mold upper base plate to press the chalcogenide glass preform downwards, after the pressing forming, the molding cylinder drives the mold upper base plate to move upwards, at the moment, the mold pushing cylinder drives the mold lower base plate to move a distance of one mold lower base plate in the direction along the mold guide rail, until the molding cylinder returns to the original position before the pressing, the mold is in one mold stage, at the moment, one time of the vertical reciprocating motion of the molding cylinder or one time of the horizontal movement of the mold lower base plate is one mold stage, and the vertical reciprocating motion of the molding cylinder is n times, namely n mold stages. When a plurality of mould pressing cylinders are a set of simultaneous actions, for example, 4 mould pressing cylinders are a set of simultaneous actions, and simultaneously drive 4 mould upper plates to reciprocate up and down together, correspondingly, the mould pushing cylinder drives the mould lower plate to move 4 mould lower plates along the direction of the mould guide rail by the distance, similarly, one time of reciprocating up and down of the mould pressing cylinders or one time of horizontal movement of the mould lower plate is a mould stage number, and the n times of reciprocating up and down of the mould pressing cylinders is n mould stage numbers. The number of the molding cylinders does not affect the number of the mold stages, but only the distance of the lower bottom plate of the mold moving along the direction of the mold guide rail is changed, and the moving distance does not affect the number of the mold stages. Because the preheating, the forming and the annealing are simultaneously carried out in the same closed cavity and are continuously and circularly carried out, the preheating, the forming and the annealing processes can be limited by the times of the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the die pressing cylinder. The total mold number refers to the number of times that a molding cylinder reciprocates up and down when one or the same group of chalcogenide glass preforms are preheated, formed and annealed in sequence.

An upper longitudinal push cylinder and a lower longitudinal push cylinder are introduced at the stage of the forming die and used for controlling the die to move, so that the accurate control of the pressing position of the die core is realized, the movement control of the push cylinders adopts an electric control shaft continuous push mode, and the control accuracy is superior to 0.001 mm. And an up-down pushing cylinder is introduced at the stage of the forming die to realize the accurate control of the die core pressing-in position,

the embodiment of the invention limits the matching nodes of a plurality of parameters such as preheating temperature and time, forming temperature and time, annealing temperature and time, forming pressure, mold displacement input and the like in the multi-cavity continuous precise mold pressing forming technology, thereby realizing the breakthrough of the continuous precise mold pressing forming technology of the chalcogenide glass optical element, achieving the purpose of accurately controlling the forming process of the chalcogenide glass optical element, realizing the multi-cavity continuous precise mold pressing forming, realizing the continuous batch production of the chalcogenide glass optical element and improving the production efficiency.

In order to realize the above continuous forming method for chalcogenide glass optical elements, the present embodiment provides a forming mold, which is a combined structure and is suitable for continuous precision press forming of chalcogenide glass optical elements.

As shown in fig. 1, one embodiment of the present invention provides a forming die 1 for continuous forming of chalcogenide glass optical elements, wherein the forming die 1 includes an upper die sleeve 11, an upper die core 12, a lower die core 13 and a lower die sleeve 14 in this order from top to bottom. And a mold cavity enclosed by the lower end surface of the upper mold core 12 and the upper end surface of the lower mold core 13 is used for accommodating chalcogenide glass 2 to be formed. In the embodiment of the invention, the upper die sleeve 11 and the lower die sleeve 14 are made of ceramic or graphite; the upper die core 12 and the lower die core 13 are made of die steel or alloy tungsten carbide. The die sleeve is made of die graphite or ceramic material with good heat conduction effect and low expansion coefficient, the die graphite is preferably high-purity imported graphite which is resistant to high temperature of 2000 ℃ and difficult to oxidize, the die core is made of die steel or hard alloy tungsten carbide and is circular in shape, and the matching precision of the upper die core and the multi-cavity die sleeve is better than 0.005 mm; the matching precision of the lower die core and the multi-cavity die sleeve is better than 0.003 mm.

The upper die sleeve 11 and the upper die core 12 are fixedly connected in a detachable mode, and preferably, the upper die sleeve 11 and the upper die core 12 are connected in a nut inner embedding mode; the lower die sleeve 14 is detachably and fixedly connected with the lower die core 13, and preferably, the lower die sleeve 14 is connected with the lower die core 13 in a nut inner embedding mode. As shown in fig. 1, the upper die sleeve 11 is provided with a screw hole 111, and the upper die core 12 is provided with a nut 121 at a corresponding position, when in use, the nut 121 is embedded into the screw hole 111, so that the upper die sleeve 11 and the upper die core 12 are detachably and fixedly connected; similarly, the lower die sleeve 14 is provided with a screw hole 141, and the lower die core 13 is provided with a nut 131 at a corresponding position, so that when in use, the nut 131 is embedded into the screw hole 141, and the lower die sleeve 14 and the lower die core 13 are detachably and fixedly connected.

As shown in fig. 2, the lower mold core 13 includes a surface-shaped pressing area 132, an annular groove area 133, an end surface positioning area 134 and a radial positioning area 135 which are sequentially arranged from the center to the outside, wherein the annular groove area 133 is located outside the outer circle area of the chalcogenide glass and is used for releasing excess materials during the process of mold-pressing and filling the chalcogenide glass.

Correspondingly, the surface-shaped pressing area, the annular groove area, the end surface positioning area and the radial positioning area of the upper mold core 12 are respectively arranged corresponding to the structure of the lower mold core 13, and are used for forming chalcogenide glass to be formed, and since the structural schematic diagram of the upper mold core 12 is similar to that of fig. 2, reference can be made to the structural schematic diagram of the lower mold core 13 shown in fig. 2.

The embodiment of the invention changes the mode that the traditional die material entirely adopts expensive die steel or tungsten carbide alloy into a combined structure of a low-cost die sleeve and a high-precision die core, thereby reducing the production cost. And when the chalcogenide glass optical element with little size change is manufactured, different chalcogenide glass optical elements can be pressed only by replacing the upper die core and the lower die core, so that the method is convenient and quick.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5, another embodiment of the present invention provides a continuous forming apparatus for a chalcogenide glass optical element, comprising a forming chamber 4, wherein the forming chamber 4 is a sealed structure. The environment in the forming room requires high-purity inert gas atmosphere, wherein the purity condition of the introduced inert gas is better than 99.999 percent, the concentration of water and oxygen is controlled to be below 10ppm, and the concentration of water and oxygen is monitored in real time by an online water oxygen analyzer; the cleanliness is required to be more than 10 ten thousand levels corresponding to the external space environment of the forming chamber; transition bins are arranged at the inlet and the outlet at the two ends of the forming chamber;

the inside of the forming chamber 4 is provided with a rectangular mold guide rail 5 and a mold bottom plate, the mold bottom plate comprises a mold upper bottom plate 31 and a mold lower bottom plate 32, as shown in fig. 4, the mold lower bottom plate 32 is arranged on the lower rectangular mold guide rail, and the upper surface of the mold lower bottom plate is provided with at least one positioning groove 321 for positioning the lower mold sleeve 14; as shown in fig. 3, the lower surface of the upper plate 31 of the mold is provided with at least one positioning groove 311 for positioning the upper mold 11. And the mould pressing cylinder 6 penetrates through the top plate of the forming chamber 4 to be connected with the mould upper bottom plate 31 and is used for controlling the mould upper bottom plate to move up and down and driving the upper mould sleeve and the upper mould core to move up and down. When moving downwards, the chalcogenide glass to be formed placed in the lower die core is pressed and formed. And a heating plate is arranged below the die guide rail 5, and the lower die base plate can circularly slide along the rectangular die guide rail. The positioning grooves on the upper bottom plate of the die and the positioning grooves on the lower bottom plate of the die are correspondingly arranged in shape and size, the number of the positioning grooves is also the same, the positioning grooves on the upper bottom plate of the die are matched with the upper die sleeve of the forming die, and the positioning grooves on the lower bottom plate of the die are matched with the lower die sleeve of the forming die, so that the forming die can be positioned, and the forming die can be firmly clamped in the positioning grooves, and the stability of the forming die in the pressing process is ensured.

In order to ensure the uniform distribution of applied load, the shape of the die bottom plate is designed to be circular or square, if the die bottom plate is provided with at least one positioning groove for positioning the die, the centers of the positioning grooves are symmetrically distributed on the die bottom plate, the upper die bottom plate and the lower die bottom plate have heating and pressing functions, an upper die heating plate has a certain up-and-down adjusting space, the up-and-down movement is pushed by an outer top pressing die cylinder, the pressure control of the pressing die cylinder adopts an electric control mode, and the air cylinder pushes the upper heating plate to measure the pressing amount and displacement by a linear scale, so that the displacement control precision is superior; the lower heating plate is fixed, the parallelism of the upper and lower layers of die bottom plates is required to be less than or equal to 2 degrees, and the temperature uniformity of the die bottom plates within 100mm of the size is less than or equal to 5 ℃; two sides and two ends of the forming chamber are respectively provided with a die pushing cylinder, and the die pushing cylinder comprises a front longitudinal pushing cylinder and a rear longitudinal pushing cylinder; in addition, an upper longitudinal pushing cylinder and a lower longitudinal pushing cylinder are arranged at the stage of the forming die and used for controlling the die to move, the four pushing cylinders are controlled to move in a continuous pushing mode through electric control shafts, and the control precision is superior to 0.001 mm.

The forming die 1 is arranged between a die upper bottom plate 31 and a die lower bottom plate 32, the forming die 1 is the forming die of any one of the above, and comprises an upper die sleeve 11, an upper die core 12, a lower die core 13 and a lower die sleeve 14 from top to bottom; the upper die sleeve 11 is detachably and fixedly connected with the upper die core 12, and the lower die sleeve 14 is detachably and fixedly connected with the lower die core 13; a mold cavity enclosed by the lower end surface of the upper mold core 12 and the upper end surface of the lower mold core 13 is used for accommodating chalcogenide glass 2 to be formed; the upper die sleeve 11 is mounted on the upper die base plate 31, and the lower die sleeve 14 is mounted on the lower die base plate 32.

In the embodiment of the invention, an air inlet valve, an air outlet valve and a pressure display meter are further installed on the forming chamber.

Transition bins are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the forming chamber, a chalcogenide glass workpiece to be formed is filled in a die, enters the forming chamber through a transition bin opening, is preheated, formed and annealed in die stages, and is taken out from the outlet transition bin through a glove window. The forming chamber is internally provided with a heating area, a pressing area and a cooling area, namely three functional mould stages of preheating, forming, annealing and the like.

The forming die stage operates specifically as follows: after the mould carrying the softened chalcogenide glass preform is moved to a first forming mould stage, mould stage heating and load application are carried out asynchronously, under the action of the load application, an upper mould and a lower mould move along the axial direction and approach to each other until the upper mould core end face positioning area and the lower mould core end face positioning area are contacted, chalcogenide glass is gradually filled in the whole surface area, the upper mould core surface and the lower mould core surface are pressed on the chalcogenide glass, the distribution center of the load time is symmetrical to the mould stage retention time, the total load time is 1.8min or more and t or less than 5min, the load application is in Gaussian distribution towards two sides at the central forming mould stage, and the load is adjustable between 0.8 and 8.0 MPa.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the mould pressing cylinder is introduced at the stage of the forming mould to realize the accurate control of the mould core pressing-in position.

The embodiment of the invention adopts an electric control shaft pushing mode to control the displacement of the die, and uses a linear scale to measure the displacement advance, thereby improving the displacement precision of the die.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather as providing those skilled in the art with certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention based on the teachings of the invention set forth herein.