阅读说明：本技术 一种热电池真空全覆盖式保温结构及其应用 (Thermal battery vacuum full-coverage type heat insulation structure and application thereof ) 是由 董亮平 高晨阳 杨开敏 闫军 李科 兰伟 李晓兵 邓亚锋 宋学兵 李立 崔益秀 于 2020-05-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种热电池真空全覆盖式保温结构及其应用,保温结构包括电池外壳、电池内壳、反射红外辐射层和电池盖板,电池内壳安装在电池外壳内部正中间,电池外壳环绕电池内壳构成真空保温腔体,反射红外辐射层设于电池外壳的内壁和电池内壳的外壁上；电池内壳外壁的底面和侧面均安装有陶瓷支撑块,陶瓷支撑块分布于电池外壳内壁上的反射红外辐射层与电池内壳外壁上的反射红外辐射层之间；所述保温结构还具有双层结构的盖板,实现了电池电堆上端、下端及外侧的真空全覆盖,能大大提升热电池的整体保温效果,利用所述保温结构制备的热电池具有体积小的特点。(The invention discloses a vacuum full-coverage thermal insulation structure of a thermal battery and application thereof, wherein the thermal insulation structure comprises a battery outer shell, a battery inner shell, a reflective infrared radiation layer and a battery cover plate, the battery inner shell is arranged in the middle of the inside of the battery outer shell, the battery outer shell surrounds the battery inner shell to form a vacuum thermal insulation cavity, and the reflective infrared radiation layer is arranged on the inner wall of the battery outer shell and the outer wall of the battery inner shell; the bottom surface and the side surface of the outer wall of the battery inner shell are both provided with ceramic supporting blocks, and the ceramic supporting blocks are distributed between the infrared radiation reflecting layer on the inner wall of the battery outer shell and the infrared radiation reflecting layer on the outer wall of the battery inner shell; the heat insulation structure is also provided with a cover plate with a double-layer structure, so that vacuum full coverage of the upper end, the lower end and the outer side of the battery pile is realized, the overall heat insulation effect of the thermal battery can be greatly improved, and the thermal battery prepared by the heat insulation structure has the characteristic of small volume.)

1. The utility model provides a thermal battery vacuum all standing formula insulation construction which characterized in that: the solar battery comprises a battery outer shell (1), a battery inner shell (2), a reflective infrared radiation layer (3) and a battery cover plate (4), wherein the battery inner shell (2) is arranged in the right middle inside the battery outer shell (1), the battery outer shell (1) surrounds the battery inner shell (2) to form a vacuum heat-preservation cavity (5), the reflective infrared radiation layer (3) is arranged on the inner wall of the battery outer shell (1) and the outer wall of the battery inner shell (2), and ceramic supporting blocks (6) are arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface of the inner wall of the battery outer shell (1); the ceramic supporting blocks (6) are distributed between the infrared radiation reflecting layer (3) on the inner wall of the battery outer shell (1) and the infrared radiation reflecting layer (3) on the outer wall of the battery inner shell (2);

the battery cover plate (4) comprises an upper cover plate (401) and a lower cover plate (402), the lower cover plate (402) is connected with the top end of the battery inner shell (2), and the upper cover plate (401) is connected with the top end of the battery outer shell (1) through a cover plate outer side circular ring (7).

2. The thermal battery vacuum all-covering type heat preservation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the infrared radiation reflecting layer (3) is a thin film layer with the thickness of 1-100 mu m, and the thin film layer is attached to the inner wall surface of the battery outer shell (1) and the outer wall surface of the battery inner shell (2) through electroplating or evaporation.

3. The thermal battery vacuum all-covering type heat preservation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: the infrared radiation reflecting layer (3) is made of a reflecting material, and the reflecting material is aluminum.

4. The thermal battery vacuum all-covering type heat preservation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ceramic supporting block (6) is made of alumina ceramic or zirconia ceramic.

5. The thermal battery vacuum all-covering type heat preservation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vacuum heat-insulating cavity (5) is characterized in that a gas-absorbing material (8) is arranged in the cavity, and the gas-absorbing material (8) is any one or combination of barium-aluminum alloy, barium-titanium alloy, zirconium-aluminum alloy, zirconium-nickel alloy and zirconium graphite.

6. The thermal battery vacuum all-covering type heat preservation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: and an exhaust port (9) is formed at the bottom of the battery shell (1).

7. The thermal battery vacuum all-covering type heat preservation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery outer shell (1) and the battery inner shell (2) are both made of stainless steel materials or industrial pure titanium materials.

8. The thermal battery vacuum all-covering type heat preservation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery cover plate (4) further comprises a binding post (403) and a glass sealing body (404), through holes are formed in the upper cover plate (401) and the lower cover plate (402), and the binding post (403) penetrates through the through holes and is fixed on the upper cover plate (401) and the lower cover plate (402) through the glass sealing body (404).

9. The utility model provides an application of thermal battery vacuum all standing formula insulation construction which characterized in that: the thermal battery is prepared by adopting the thermal battery vacuum full-coverage type heat preservation structure of any one of claims 1 to 8, and the vacuum heat preservation cavities (5) are arranged at the upper end, the lower end and the outer side of the battery pile (10).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal battery application, in particular to a vacuum full-coverage type thermal insulation structure of a thermal battery and application thereof.

Background

The thermal battery is a primary storage battery which is activated by using eutectic molten salt as electrolyte and melting the electrolyte by using a heating system of the battery, and the activation principle is that an electric ignition head is adopted to ignite ignition paper and a heating sheet inside the thermal battery so that a large amount of heat is released in a short time to change the electrolyte from a solid state to a liquid state, so that the electrolyte can conduct ions to initiate electrochemical reactions of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.

The particularity of the working principle of the thermal battery determines that the suitable working temperature range is narrow, so that the thermal battery can work well and has severe requirements on the internal temperature, the temperature of the thermal battery is usually kept between 400 and 520 ℃, and the thermal battery above and below the temperature range cannot play the best performance or even work normally. The above features greatly increase the design difficulty of the thermal battery because: on the one hand, the working temperature cannot be too high, which requires that the initial heat distribution of the thermal battery cannot be too high; on the other hand, the operating temperature must not be too low, which requires that the thermal battery must take good insulation measures.

The nano aerogel material is the best porous heat insulation material for thermal batteries, which is published and reported at present, the heat conductivity coefficient of the nano aerogel material is usually between 0.025 and 0.040W/m/K, for example, the Min-K material and the Microtherm heat insulation material abroad, the nano aerogel materials of companies such as Nanrong lan, Shanghai Min and the like belong to the material, and the heat insulation performance of the material is usually obviously superior to that of common inorganic heat insulation cotton, heat insulation felts and the like. Although the nano aerogel material can better meet the requirement of a thermal battery with a medium service life, the nano aerogel material is not ideal for the thermal battery with a long service life, particularly for the thermal battery with a service life of more than 1h, and in order to achieve a good heat insulation effect, a heat insulation layer which is usually required is very thick, and correspondingly, the size is very large, so that the requirement of the thermal battery on the occupied space is difficult to meet; in addition, when the nano aerogel material is used as a heat insulation material, the surface temperature of the thermal battery can be rapidly increased due to rapid heat transfer, and potential risks of influencing the working reliability of other electronic components around the thermal battery exist.

In addition, the battery cover plate area of the thermal battery insulation structure reported at present is usually designed in a non-vacuum manner, so that a large amount of heat is dissipated from the area, which is the most important area for heat dissipation, the percentage of heat dissipation in the total heat dissipation is up to about 75%, and the non-vacuum design of the battery cover plate area causes the overall insulation effect to be unsatisfactory, and causes the surface temperature of the battery, especially the temperature at the cover plate, to be higher.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vacuum full-coverage type thermal insulation structure of a thermal battery and application thereof, wherein the thermal insulation structure is provided with a cover plate with a double-layer structure, so that vacuum full coverage of the upper end, the lower end and the outer side of a battery pile is realized, the overall thermal insulation effect of the thermal battery can be greatly improved, and the thermal battery prepared by utilizing the thermal insulation structure has the characteristic of small volume so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a vacuum full-coverage thermal insulation structure of a thermal battery comprises a battery outer shell, a battery inner shell, a reflective infrared radiation layer and a battery cover plate, wherein the battery inner shell is arranged in the middle of the inside of the battery outer shell; the ceramic supporting blocks are distributed between the infrared radiation reflecting layer on the inner wall of the battery outer shell and the infrared radiation reflecting layer on the outer wall of the battery inner shell;

the battery cover plate comprises an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate, the lower cover plate is connected with the top end of the battery inner shell, and the upper cover plate is connected with the top end of the battery outer shell through a circular ring on the outer side of the cover plate.

According to the aerogel-free heat insulation material, as the aerogel material is generally a low-density and high-volume material, the total volume of the heat insulation layer is greatly reduced, the area between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate and the area between the battery inner shell and the battery outer shell are vacuum areas, so that the vacuum full coverage of the upper end, the lower end and the outer side of the battery pile is realized, and compared with a non-full coverage structure, the heat dissipated outwards through the battery cover plate can be greatly reduced.

Further, the infrared radiation reflecting layer is a thin film layer with the thickness of 1-100 microns, and the thin film layer is attached to the inner wall surface of the battery outer shell and the outer wall surface of the battery inner shell through electroplating or evaporation.

The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the reflection infrared radiation layer is attached to the inner wall surface of the battery outer shell and the outer wall surface of the battery inner shell in an electroplating or evaporation mode, and the phenomenon that the reflection material is warped to cause thermal insulation failure can be prevented.

Further, the infrared radiation reflecting layer is made of a reflective material, and the reflective material is aluminum.

The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the reflecting material is low in price and is easier to popularize and apply.

Further, the ceramic support block is made of alumina ceramic or zirconia ceramic.

The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the ceramic support block has low heat conductivity and small cross-sectional area, so that an obvious heat bridge cannot be formed, and heat preservation is facilitated.

Further, a cavity of the vacuum heat-insulating cavity is internally provided with a gas-absorbing material, and the gas-absorbing material is any one or combination of barium-aluminum alloy, barium-titanium alloy, zirconium-aluminum alloy, zirconium-nickel alloy and zirconium graphite.

The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the air suction material can absorb trace gas in the vacuum heat-insulation cavity, and is beneficial to maintaining the vacuum degree in the vacuum heat-insulation cavity of the thermal battery.

Further, the bottom of the battery shell is provided with an air outlet.

The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: and when the vacuum heat-preservation cavity is manufactured, the exhaust port is used for exhausting air.

Further, the battery outer case and the battery inner case are made of a stainless material or an industrially pure titanium material.

The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: stainless steel materials or industrial pure titanium materials have strong corrosion resistance and also have lower solid thermal conductivity than most other metals.

Furthermore, the battery cover plate further comprises a binding post and a glass sealing body, through holes are formed in the upper layer cover plate and the lower layer cover plate, and the binding post penetrates through the through holes and is fixed to the upper layer cover plate and the lower layer cover plate through the glass sealing body.

The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the battery cover plate, the aerogel heat-insulating block and the binding post are connected by the glass sealing body, so that the region between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate and the region between the battery inner shell and the battery outer shell are both vacuum regions.

The application of the thermal battery vacuum full-coverage type thermal insulation structure is characterized in that the thermal battery is prepared by adopting any one of the thermal battery vacuum full-coverage type thermal insulation structures, and the vacuum thermal insulation cavity is arranged at the upper end, the lower end and the outer side of a battery pile.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) according to the vacuum full-coverage type thermal insulation structure of the thermal battery, disclosed by the invention, the battery cover plate is designed into a double-layer structure, the upper cover plate is connected with the battery outer shell through the outer ring of the cover plate, the lower cover plate is directly connected with the battery inner shell, the area between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate and the area between the battery inner shell and the battery outer shell are vacuum areas, the vacuum full coverage of the upper end, the lower end and the outer side of a battery pile is realized, and compared with a non-full-coverage type structure, the heat dissipated outwards through the battery cover plate is greatly reduced; because the battery cover plate in the traditional non-full-coverage heat insulation structure is the most main heat dissipation area, the heat dissipation capacity of the area accounts for more than about 75 percent of the total heat dissipation, and the battery cover plate is a short plate of the traditional non-full-coverage heat insulation structure; therefore compare with traditional non-full cover formula insulation construction and can promote the holistic heat preservation effect of heat preservation casing by a wide margin, can also further reduce the surface temperature of battery case especially battery apron department simultaneously.

2) The aerogel-free heat insulation material in the vacuum full-coverage type heat insulation structure of the thermal battery is characterized in that the aerogel material is a material with low density and high volume, so that the total volume of the heat insulation structure layer can be greatly reduced by discarding the aerogel heat insulation material, the overall volume of the thermal battery can be greatly reduced, and the occupied space of the thermal battery can be saved. And the vacuum full-coverage design is added, so that under the condition of not containing an aerogel heat-insulating layer, compared with the traditional non-full-coverage structure, the heat-insulating performance is not reduced but further improved, the overall heat-insulating effect of the heat-insulating shell is improved by about more than 21%, and the effect of both fish and bear paw is realized in the two aspects of improving the heat-insulating performance and saving the volume.

3) The infrared radiation reflecting layer is attached to the inner wall surface of the battery outer shell and the outer wall surface of the battery inner shell in an electroplating or evaporation mode, compared with the traditional method that the metal foil is fixed to the shell surface in a spot welding mode, the attachment strength of the electroplating or evaporation mode is higher, and the infrared radiation reflecting layer can be prevented from warping or falling off due to low spot welding strength of the metal foil in a weapon system under mechanical environments such as vibration, acceleration, impact and the like, and the warping or falling off can lap the battery inner shell and the battery outer shell to form a high-heat-conduction heat bridge, so that the heat preservation is invalid; in addition, the reflecting material adopts aluminum with low emissivity coefficient and high reflection coefficient, and compared with the traditional infrared reflecting layer materials such as gold foil, silver foil and other noble metal materials, the reflecting material has low price and is easier to popularize and apply.

4) The ceramic support block of the invention has low solid thermal conductivity and small cross-sectional area, thus no obvious thermal bridge is formed, and the ceramic support block not only plays a role of supporting, but also is beneficial to heat preservation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a vacuum full-cover type thermal insulation structure of a thermal battery according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cover plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the temperature of the center of a simulated stack of a thermal battery using a vacuum full-cover insulation structure and an aerogel insulation cylinder alone as a function of time;

in the figure, 1-battery outer shell, 2-battery inner shell, 3-infrared radiation reflecting layer, 4-battery cover plate, 401-upper cover plate, 402-lower cover plate, 403-binding post, 404-glass sealing body, 5-vacuum heat preservation cavity, 6-ceramic supporting block, 7-cover plate outer ring, 8-getter material, 9-exhaust port and 10-battery electric pile.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution:

referring to fig. 1-2, a vacuum full-coverage thermal insulation structure of a thermal battery comprises a battery outer shell 1, a battery inner shell 2, a reflective infrared radiation layer 3 and a battery cover plate 4, wherein the battery inner shell 2 is installed in the middle of the inside of the battery outer shell 1, the battery outer shell 1 surrounds the battery inner shell 2 to form a vacuum thermal insulation cavity 5, the reflective infrared radiation layer 3 is arranged on the inner wall of the battery outer shell 1 and the outer wall of the battery inner shell 2, and ceramic support blocks 6 are installed on the bottom surface and the side surface of the inner wall of the battery outer shell 2; the ceramic supporting blocks 6 are distributed between the infrared radiation reflecting layer 3 on the inner wall of the battery outer shell 1 and the infrared radiation reflecting layer 3 on the outer wall of the battery inner shell 2;

the battery cover plate 4 comprises an upper cover plate 401 and a lower cover plate 402, the lower cover plate 402 is connected with the top end of the battery inner shell 2, and the upper cover plate 401 is connected with the top end of the battery outer shell 1 through a cover plate outer side circular ring 7.

The aerogel-free heat insulation material in the vacuum full-coverage type heat insulation structure of the thermal battery is characterized in that the aerogel material is generally a material with low density and high volume, so that the total volume of the heat insulation layer is greatly reduced, and the whole volume of the thermal battery is greatly reduced; according to the invention, the upper-layer cover plate 401 is connected with the battery outer shell 1 through the cover plate outer side circular ring 7, the lower-layer cover plate 402 is directly connected with the battery inner shell 2, the area between the upper-layer cover plate 401 and the lower-layer cover plate 402 and the area between the battery inner shell 2 and the battery outer shell 1 are vacuum areas, so that the vacuum full coverage of the upper end, the lower end and the outer side of the battery pile 10 is realized, compared with a non-full coverage structure, the heat dissipated outwards through the battery cover plate 4 can be greatly reduced, and the surface temperature of the battery outer shell 1, especially the battery cover plate 4, can be further reduced; the infrared radiation reflecting layer 3 can reflect a large amount of heat to inhibit heat transfer, thereby playing a role in improving the overall heat preservation effect of the heat preservation shell.

Further, the infrared radiation reflecting layer 3 is a thin film layer with the thickness of 1-100 μm, and the thin film layer is attached to the inner wall surface of the battery outer shell 1 and the outer wall surface of the battery inner shell 2 through electroplating or evaporation.

Compared with the traditional method of fixing the metal foil on the surface of the shell in a spot welding manner, the method has higher adhesion strength in an electroplating or evaporation manner, and can avoid the phenomenon that the metal foil warps or falls off due to low spot welding strength in mechanical environments such as vibration, acceleration, impact and the like of an infrared reflecting layer in a weapon system, for example, the battery inner shell 2 and the battery outer shell 1 are overlapped to form a high-heat-conduction thermal bridge, so that the thermal insulation failure is caused.

Further, the infrared radiation reflecting layer 3 is made of a reflective material, which is aluminum.

The reflecting material of the invention is aluminum, the aluminum with low radiation coefficient and high reflection coefficient is adopted, and compared with the traditional infrared reflecting layer materials such as gold foil, silver foil and other noble metal materials, the reflecting material has low price and is easier to popularize and apply.

Further, the ceramic support block 6 is made of alumina ceramic or zirconia ceramic.

The ceramic support block 6 of the present invention has a low solid thermal conductivity and a small cross-sectional area, so that no significant thermal bridge is formed, which is beneficial to heat preservation in addition to the supporting function.

Further, an air suction material 8 is arranged in the cavity of the vacuum heat-preservation cavity 5, and the air suction material 8 is any one of or a combination of barium-aluminum alloy, barium-titanium alloy, zirconium-aluminum alloy, zirconium-nickel alloy and zirconium graphite.

The getter material 8 of the invention can not only absorb the gas released by the shell material due to the temperature rise in the working process of the thermal battery, but also continuously absorb the trace gas permeating into the vacuum heat-insulating cavity 5 during the storage period of the vacuum full-coverage heat-insulating structure, thus being beneficial to the maintenance of the vacuum degree in the vacuum heat-insulating cavity 5 of the thermal battery, and further ensuring that the thermal battery has longer vacuum degree maintenance life.

Further, the bottom of the battery case 1 is provided with an exhaust port 9.

And when the vacuum heat-preservation cavity is manufactured, the exhaust port is used for exhausting air.

Further, the battery outer case 1 and the battery inner case 2 are made of a stainless material or an industrially pure titanium material.

The battery outer shell 1 and the battery inner shell 2 of the invention are made of stainless steel materials or industrial pure titanium materials, and have the advantages that: stainless steel materials or industrial pure titanium materials have strong corrosion resistance and also have lower solid thermal conductivity than most other metals.

Further, the battery cover plate 4 further includes a terminal 403 and a glass sealing body 404, through holes are formed in the upper cover plate 401 and the lower cover plate 402, and the terminal 403 is inserted into the through holes and fixed to the upper cover plate 401 and the lower cover plate 402 through the glass sealing body 404.

The application of the thermal battery vacuum full-coverage type thermal insulation structure is characterized in that the thermal battery is prepared by adopting any one of the thermal battery vacuum full-coverage type thermal insulation structures, and the vacuum thermal insulation cavity 5 is arranged at the upper end, the lower end and the outer side of a battery electric pile 10.