阅读说明：本技术 一种水体质量监测及水体感官愉悦度评价方法 (Water quality monitoring and water sensory pleasure degree evaluation method ) 是由 席劲瑛 朱强 贾海峰 于 2019-08-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水体质量监测及水体感官愉悦度评价方法,分析影响水体感官愉悦度的特征参数,确定表征水体感官质量的水体性状特征的水质指标种类。建立水体感官愉悦度分指数评价体系,并获得区间水体感官愉悦度分指数极值对应的水质指标的浓度限值。然后获取所述水质指标的监测值C<Sub>i</Sub>,通过区间插值计算得到相应的水体感官愉悦度分指数WCI<Sub>i</Sub>。确定所述水质指标的权重值a<Sub>i</Sub>,且<Image he="134" wi="197" file="DDA0002168102620000011.GIF" imgContent="drawing" imgFormat="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"></Image>通过<Image he="133" wi="430" file="DDA0002168102620000012.GIF" imgContent="drawing" imgFormat="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"></Image>得到水体感官愉悦度指数WCI用以表征待测水体的水体感官愉悦度,实现水体感官质量的评价。本发明能够定量评价城市水体的感官质量,具有准确、高效、客观的优点。(The invention discloses a water quality monitoring and water sensory pleasure degree evaluation method, which analyzes characteristic parameters influencing the sensory pleasure degree of a water body and determines the water quality index types of water character characteristics representing the sensory quality of the water body. And establishing a water body sensory pleasure degree index evaluation system, and obtaining the concentration limit value of the water quality index corresponding to the extreme value of the water body sensory pleasure degree index in the interval. Then obtaining the monitoring value C of the water quality index i And obtaining the corresponding water body sensory pleasure degree index WCI through interval interpolation calculation i . Determining the weight value a of the water quality index i And is and by passing And obtaining a water body sensory pleasure index WCI for representing the water body sensory pleasure of the water body to be detected and realizing the evaluation of the water body sensory quality. The method can quantitatively evaluate the sensory quality of the urban water body, and has the advantages of accuracy, high efficiency and objectivity.)

1. A water quality monitoring and water sensory pleasure degree evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

based on the sensory quality analysis of the water body, analyzing water quality indexes of the water body according to the characteristics of the water body color, turbidity, floaters and odor, identifying characteristic parameters influencing the sensory pleasure degree of the water body, and determining n water quality indexes capable of representing the sensory quality of the water body as the sensory quality water indexes of the water body, wherein n is more than or equal to 2;

establishing a water body sensory pleasure degree index evaluation system, and setting the range [ WCI ] of the water body sensory pleasure degree index in the evaluation system_imin，WCI_imax]Wherein 0 is less than or equal to WCI_imin＜WCI_imaxLess than or equal to 100; dividing WCI according to sensory pleasure degree index of water body_iminTo WCI_imaxDividing the water body sense pleasure degree index into a plurality of index division intervals, and obtaining the extreme value WCI of the sense pleasure degree index of the water body in the corresponding interval_jmAnd the corresponding concentration limit value C of the water body sensory quality water quality index_i,jmWherein j ═ (1,2, …);

setting the water quality according to the hydrological characteristics of the water to be measuredMonitoring the section and the water quality measuring point to obtain a monitoring value C of the sensory quality and water quality index of the water body to be measured_i；

Monitoring the value C_iAnd the concentration limit value C_i,jmComparing to obtain the monitoring value C_iCorresponding index intervals are calculated through interval interpolation to obtain corresponding water body sense pleasure degree indexes WCI_i；

Determining weight value a of water quality index of water body sensory quality_iAnd is and

2. The method for monitoring water quality and evaluating sensory pleasure of water according to claim 1, wherein the sensory quality and water quality indexes of water comprise dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen.

3. The method for monitoring water quality and evaluating water body sensory pleasure as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:

establishing a WCI evaluation system for the sensory pleasure degree index of the water body, and setting the range [ WCI ] of the sensory pleasure degree index of the water body in the evaluation system_imin,WCI_imax]＝[0,100]Dividing the water body sensory pleasure degree index into four index division intervals from 0 to 100, and determining a water body sensory pleasure degree index extreme value WCI corresponding to an interval point j through data analysis_jmAnd the corresponding concentration limit value C of the water body sensory quality water quality index_i,jmWherein j is (1,2, …,5), and the water quality index includes dissolved oxygen and oxidation reduction electricityPosition, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen to obtain:

4. the method for monitoring water quality and evaluating sensory pleasure of water bodies according to claim 3, wherein the sensory quality water quality indexes of the water bodies are oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen, and the interval interpolation calculation method comprises the following steps:

monitoring the value C_iAnd the concentration limit value C_i,jmComparing, wherein j ═ 1 to 5, yielding:

when C is present_i＜C_i,1mThen WCI_i＝WCI_im；

When C is present_i,1m≤C_i＜C_i,5mRecording and C_iTwo adjacent concentration limits C_i,jmAnd C_i,(j+1)mAnd with said C_i,jmCorresponding extreme value WCI of sensory pleasure degree index of water body_jmAnd has C_i,jm≤C_i＜C_i,(j+1)mWherein j is (1-4), then

When C is present_i≥C_i,5mThen, then

5. The water quality monitoring and water sensory pleasure degree evaluation method according to claim 3, wherein the water sensory quality water quality indexes are turbidity and ammonia nitrogen, and the interval interpolation calculation method comprises the following steps:

monitoring the value C_iAnd the concentration limitValue C_i,jmComparing, wherein j ═ 1 to 5, yielding:

when C is present_i＞C_i,1mThen WCI_i＝WCI_im；

When C is present_i,1m≥C_i≥C_i,5mRecording and C_iTwo adjacent concentration limits C_i,jmAnd C_i,(j+1)mAnd C_i,(j+1)mCorresponding extreme value WCI of sensory pleasure degree index of water body_(j+1)mAnd has C_i,jm≥C_i≥C_i,(j+1)mWherein j is (1-4), then

When C is present_i≤C_i,5mThen WCI_i＝WCI_5m。

6. The method for monitoring water quality and evaluating water body sensory pleasure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight values of dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen are 0.05-0.25, 0.25-0.45, 0.3-0.5 and 0-0.2 respectively.

7. The method for monitoring water quality and evaluating sensory pleasure of water bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 1, wherein the monitoring value of the sensory quality water quality index of water bodies comprises a daily average value, an hour average value or a real-time value.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a water quality monitoring and water sensory pleasure degree evaluation method, and belongs to the technical field of water environment evaluation. .

Background

At present, in the problem of urban water quality, especially sensory quality, the water environment quality is difficult to reflect really by adopting the traditional water quality evaluation method, and the traditional water quality evaluation method cannot be directly hooked with the sensory pleasure level of the water, so that an appropriate evaluation method needs to be further researched, and the research of the sensory pleasure evaluation method of the water is developed.

The current 'surface water environment governing standard' (GB3838-2002) in China is an evaluation standard made from the functions of water bodies in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and is not suitable for the characteristics of urban water bodies. Urban water is used as urban landscape entertainment water under most conditions, and provides service functions for the public. Therefore, the sensory quality of the water quality should be paid more attention, and water quality indexes closely related to sensory pleasure are more considered in the evaluation process. However, there is currently a lack of uniform, practical evaluation methods and standard requirements in this regard.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a water quality monitoring and water sensory pleasure degree evaluation method, which is characterized in that a water sensory pleasure degree index evaluation system is constructed according to the water quality and sensory characteristics, and a weight factor is introduced, so that the water sensory quality can be quantitatively evaluated.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a water quality monitoring and water sensory pleasure degree evaluation method comprises the following steps:

based on water body sensory quality analysis, analyzing water quality indexes of a water body according to water body color, turbidity, floaters and odor characteristics, identifying characteristic parameters influencing sensory pleasure of the water body, and determining n water quality indexes capable of representing the sensory quality of the water body as the sensory quality water indexes of the water body, wherein n is more than or equal to 2;

establishing a water body sensory pleasure degree index evaluation system, and setting the range [ WCI ] of the water body sensory pleasure degree index in the evaluation system_imin，WCI_imax]Wherein 0 is less than or equal to WCI_imin＜WCI_imaxLess than or equal to 100; dividing WCI according to sensory pleasure degree index of water body_iminTo WCI_imaxDividing the water body sense pleasure degree index into a plurality of index division intervals, and obtaining the extreme value WCI of the sense pleasure degree index of the water body in the corresponding interval_jmAnd the concentration limit value C of the corresponding water body sensory quality water quality index_i,jmWherein j ═ (1,2, …);

setting a water quality monitoring section and a water quality measuring point according to the hydrological characteristics of the water body to be measured, and obtaining a monitoring value C of the sensory quality and water quality index of the water body to be measured_i；

Monitoring the value C_iAnd the concentration limit value C_i,jmComparing to obtain the monitoring value C_iCorresponding index intervals are calculated through interval interpolation to obtain corresponding water body sense pleasure degree indexes WCI_i；

Determining weight value a of water quality index of water body sensory quality_iAnd is andwherein n is the number of the water quality indexes, i is the sensory quality water quality index of the water body, and i is (1,2, …, n); by passingAnd obtaining a water body sensory pleasure index WCI for representing the water body sensory pleasure of the water body to be detected and realizing the evaluation of the water body sensory quality.

In the technical scheme, the water body sensory quality and water quality indexes comprise dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen.

In the above technical solution, the method further includes:

establishing a WCI evaluation system of the sensory pleasure degree index of the water body, and setting the range [ WCI ] of the sensory pleasure degree index of the water body in the evaluation system_imin,WCI_imax]＝[0,100]Dividing the water body sensory pleasure degree index WCI into four index division intervals from 0 to 100 to obtain 5 interval points; determining a water body sensory pleasure degree index extremum WCI corresponding to the interval point j through data analysis_jmAnd the corresponding concentration limit value C of the water body sensory quality water quality index_i,jmWherein j is (1,2, …,5), and the water quality index of water quality sensory factors comprises solventDecomposing oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen to obtain:

in the above technical scheme, the water quality indicators of sensory quality of water body are oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen, and the interval interpolation calculation method comprises:

monitoring the value C_iAnd the concentration limit value C_i,jmComparing, wherein j ═ 1 to 5, yielding:

when C is present_i＜C_i,1mThen WCI_i＝WCI_im；

When C is present_i,1m≤C_i＜C_i,5mRecording and C_iTwo adjacent concentration limits C_i,jmAnd C_i,(j+1)mAnd with said C_i,jmCorresponding extreme value WCI of sensory pleasure degree index of water body_jmAnd has C_i,jm≤C_i＜C_i,(j+1)mWherein j is (1-4), then

When C is present_i≥C_i,5mThen, then

And the sensory quality and water quality indexes of the water body are turbidity and ammonia nitrogen, and the monitoring value C is used_iAnd the concentration limit value C_i,jmComparing, wherein j ═ 1 to 5, to obtain:

when C is present_i＞C_i,1mThen WCI_i＝WCI_im；

When C is present_i,1m≥C_i≥C_i,5mRecording and C_iTwo adjacent concentration limits C_i,jmAnd C_i,(j+1)mAnd C_i,(j+1)mCorresponding extreme value WCI of sensory pleasure degree index of water body_(j+1)mAnd has C_i,jm≥C_i≥C_i,(j+1)mWherein j is (1-4), then

When C is present_i≤C_i,5mThen WCI_i＝WCI_5m。

In the technical scheme, the weight ranges of the dissolved oxygen DO, the oxidation-reduction potential ORP, the turbidity and the ammonia nitrogen are respectively 0.05-0.25, 0.25-0.45, 0.3-0.5 and 0-0.2; preferably, the weights of the dissolved oxygen DO, the oxidation-reduction potential ORP, the turbidity and the ammonia nitrogen are respectively 0.15, 0.35, 0.4 and 0.1.

In the above technical scheme, the water quality index concentration value includes a daily average value, an hour average value or a real-time value. The daily average value monitoring period is 24 hours and is an hour value average value from zero point of day to 24 hours; the hour average value monitoring period is 15 minutes, and the average value of the monitoring values within one hour is taken; the real-time value is the real-time monitoring value.

In the above technical solution, the method for monitoring the water quality index comprises: the dissolved oxygen DO adopts an electrochemical probe method, which is referred to as electrochemical probe method for measuring water dissolved oxygen (HJ 506-2009); an electrode method is selected for oxidation-reduction potential ORP; turbidity is referred to technical requirements of automatic turbidity water analyzers (HJ/T98-2003); the ammonia nitrogen adopts a gas-sensitive electrode method or refers to technical requirements of an automatic analyzer for ammonia nitrogen water quality (HJ/T101-.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the system analyzes water quality parameters influencing the sensory quality of the water body, and quantitatively calculates the sensory quality index of the water body of the city water body by establishing a sensory pleasure degree index evaluation system of the water body and determining the weight of the sensory pleasure degree index evaluation system, so that the quantitative evaluation of the sensory quality of the water body can be realized.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the embodiments and operation of the present invention.

The water body of the invention comprises landscape water bodies such as urban rivers, lakes and the like.

The subjective feeling of people is influenced by the characteristics of colors, tastes and the like of landscape water bodies such as urban rivers, lakes and the like. The water body property characteristics can be evaluated according to the water body color, the turbidity, the floaters and the odor characteristics by analyzing the water body quality and the relationship between the water body quality and the water quality indexes, the sensory properties and the like by a system, so that the sensory quality of the sensory pleasure degree of the water body can be divided into five grades of poor, common, good and good, and the rating results are described in table 1. However, the results of the qualitative determination of the neutral description and the rating in table 1 are not very different for the river water with little difference in water properties.

TABLE 1 description of water body sensory pleasure rating results

Water body character	Sensory quality rating results
		The water body is very dark in color, very turbid, has more floating objects and has obvious foul smell	Is very poor
The water body is darker and turbid, is accompanied by floating materials and occasionally has obvious foul smell	Is poor
		The water body has common color, is clear, has a small amount of floating objects and basically has no obvious odor	In general
The water body has light color, clear water body, no obvious floating objects and no obvious odor	Is preferably used
		The water body has light color, high clarity, no floating matter and no foul smell	Is very good

In order to obtain a further water body sensory quality quantitative evaluation result, the invention further provides a water body quality monitoring and water body sensory quality evaluation method.

Firstly, according to the description of the result of the water body sensory pleasure rating in table 1, the system analyzes characteristic parameters influencing the water body sensory pleasure and determines the water quality index types of the water body character characteristics representing the water body sensory quality. As can be seen from table 1, the water property characteristics include water color, odor, turbidity, and floating material, the water quality indexes that can embody and express the water property described in table 1 are considered comprehensively with reference to the water quality indexes of the surface water environmental quality standard, and the water quality indexes that characterize the water property characteristics of the sensory quality of the water body obtained by full screening include dissolved oxygen DO, oxidation-reduction potential ORP, turbidity, and ammonia nitrogen, and are used as the water quality indexes of the sensory quality of the water body, where n is 4.

Then, establishing a water body sensory pleasure degree index evaluation system, namely WCI in the embodiment_iThe value range is 0-100, and the larger the value is, the higher the sensory quality (pleasure degree) is. Correspondingly, the WCI range of the water body sensory pleasure degree index is also 0-100. In the evaluation system, the sensory pleasure degree index WCI of the water body_iDividing the water body sensory pleasure degree index into four continuous index division intervals from 0 to 100 according to 25 interval step lengths, wherein each interval comprises two extreme points, so that 5 interval extreme points are obtained, are represented by numbers 1 to 5 and are marked as interval points j, and j is equal to (1,2, …,5), and the corresponding water body sensory pleasure degree index extreme value WCI_jm＝[0,25,50,75,100]The index m indicates a limit value (max or min) for easy discrimination of WCI when both calculations i and j indicate values_i(index value) and WCI_jm(fractional limit). Then, the WCI is determined by mass data analysis_jmConcentration limit value C of corresponding water body sensory quality water quality index_i,jmWherein j is (1,2, …,5), and i represents the ith water quality index.

The method takes urban water of Suzhou as one of the embodiments, carries out water quality index monitoring and data acquisition for more than 20 times in 1 year, and carries out statistical analysis and calculation on nearly 2000 groups of data by referring to the surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-. As can be seen from Table 2, each water quality index is divided into definite concentration limit values corresponding to five interval extreme points of the sensory pleasure degree index of the water body.

TABLE 2 evaluation interval standard of sensory pleasure degree index of water body

TABLE 2 Water body sensory pleasure score index WCI_iUniformly dividing the water body into 4 intervals, and obtaining boundary values of 5 interval points of the 4 intervals, namely the extreme value WCI of the sensory pleasure degree index of the water body_jmWherein j is (1,2, …,5), and simultaneously, concentration limit values C of the water quality indexes corresponding to one are given_i,jm。

When the sensory quality of the water body is evaluated for a certain water body, the water body quality monitoring section and the water quality measuring point are set according to the hydrological characteristics of the water body to be measured, and the monitoring value C of the sensory quality water quality index of the water body to be measured is obtained_i. The monitored values include a daily average value, an hour average value, or a real-time value. Typically, the daily average monitoring period is 24 hours, which is the average of the hour values from day zero to 24 hours; the hour average value monitoring period is 15 minutes, and the average value of the monitoring values within one hour is taken; the real-time value is the real-time monitoring value.

The monitoring method of the water quality index comprises the following steps: the dissolved oxygen DO adopts an electrochemical probe method, which is referred to as electrochemical probe method for measuring water dissolved oxygen (HJ 506-2009); an electrode method is selected for oxidation-reduction potential ORP; turbidity is referred to technical requirements of automatic turbidity water analyzers (HJ/T98-2003); the ammonia nitrogen adopts a gas-sensitive electrode method or refers to technical requirements of an automatic analyzer for ammonia nitrogen water quality (HJ/T101-.

The water body to be measured generally includes lakes and rivers. And aiming at different water bodies to be detected, determining the arrangement of monitoring sections and measuring point positions according to related contents in the design technical specification of a water quality-sampling scheme. For water quality monitoring, one of ordinary skill in the art can understand and imagine this and will not be described in detail herein.

From Table 2, search for and C_iThe latest concentration limit value and the corresponding water body sensory pleasure degree index interval and interval extreme value are calculated by an interval interpolation method to obtain the corresponding water body sensory pleasure degree index WCI_i：

When the sensory quality water quality index of the water body is oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen, monitoring value C_iAnd the concentration limit value C_i,jmComparing, wherein j ═ 1 to 5, to obtain:

when C is present_i＜C_i,1mThen WCI_i＝WCI_im＝0；

When C is present_i,1m≤C_i＜C_i,5mRecording and C_iTwo adjacent concentration limits C_i,jmAnd C_i,(j+1)mAnd with said C_i,jmCorresponding extreme value WCI of sensory pleasure degree index of water body_jmAnd has C_i,jm≤C_i＜C_i,(j+1)mWherein j is (1-4), then

When C is present_i≥C_i,5mThen, then

And when the water body sensory quality and water quality indexes are turbidity and ammonia nitrogen, the following are obtained:

when C is present_i＞C_i,1mThen WCI_i＝WCI_im＝0；

When C is present_i,1m≥C_i≥C_i,5mRecording and C_iTwo adjacent concentration limits C_i,jmAnd C_i,(j+1)mAnd C_i,(j+1)mCorresponding extreme value WCI of sensory pleasure degree index of water body_(j+1)mAnd has C_i,jm≥C_i≥C_i,(j+1)mWherein j is (1-4), then

When C is present_i≤C_i,5mThen WCI_i＝WCI_5m＝100。

After the sensory quality and water quality indexes of the water bodies are calculated and the sensory pleasure degree indexes of the water bodies are obtained, the weight value a of the water quality index needs to be introduced_iBy passing

The obtained water body sensory pleasure degree index WCI is used for representing the integral condition of the water body character characteristics, the higher the WCI value is, the higher the water body sensory pleasure degree is, the better the water body sensory quality is represented, and therefore the evaluation of the water body sensory quality is quantitatively achieved. Wherein n is the number of the water quality indexes, and

at this time, the weight ranges of the dissolved oxygen DO, the oxidation reduction potential ORP, the turbidity and the ammonia nitrogen are respectively 0.05-0.25, 0.25-0.45, 0.3-0.5 and 0-0.2.

The following examples are provided to illustrate the calculation process of the water quality index concentration limit and the sensory pleasure degree index of the water body.

Selecting 12 sections of a certain city in the southern plain river network region, and carrying out sensory quality evaluation through water sample collection, index determination and water body sensory pleasure index calculation. In the water sample collection process, related contents in the design technical specification of a water quality-sampling scheme are referred, when monitoring point positions are arranged, the monitoring point positions are selected to be in a straight river section with stable riverbed and water flow conditions, wide water surface and no shoal, the positions can also comprehensively reflect the real conditions of the water quality of rivers and lakes in a monitored area, and a backwater area, a dead water area and an area which is easy to cause siltation and growth of waterweeds are avoided. Because the depth of the urban river is less than or equal to 5m, all monitoring point positions are positioned on the upper layer of the water surface (0.5 m below the water surface) for water sample collection. The on-site observer in situ measures and records the oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity and dissolved oxygen in the water sample through a portable instrument, then collects 500ml of river water sample and brings the river water sample back to a laboratory for ammonia nitrogen measurement, and in the technical scheme, the monitoring method of the water quality index comprises the following steps: an electrode method is selected for oxidation-reduction potential ORP; turbidity is referred to technical requirements of automatic turbidity water analyzers (HJ/T98-2003); the ammonia nitrogen adopts a gas-sensitive electrode method or refers to technical requirements of an automatic analyzer for ammonia nitrogen water quality (HJ/T101-; the dissolved oxygen DO is measured by an electrochemical probe method, which is referred to as "electrochemical probe method for measuring dissolved oxygen in water" (HJ 506-2009) (selected according to specific conditions).

Respectively taking the weighted values of the oxidation-reduction potential, the turbidity, the ammonia nitrogen and the dissolved oxygen as 0.35, 0.4, 0.1 and 0.15, calculating the sensory pleasure index of the water body of the monitoring point, and respectively corresponding the oxidation-reduction potential, the turbidity, the ammonia nitrogen and the dissolved oxygen to C_iIs marked as C₁、C₂、C₃And C₄The calculation process is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 sensory pleasure index calculation table for water body in river cross section of certain city

The monitoring values of dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential of the point 12 are lower than C in the table 2_i,1mTurbidity monitored above C_i,1mTherefore, the corresponding sensory pleasure degree indexes of the water body are all 0. The ammonia nitrogen monitoring value is 3.52mg/L, is between 2 and 3 of the interval points and corresponds to 25 to 50 of extreme value of sensory pleasure index of the water body, namely WCI_3m50; the water body sensory pleasure degree index obtained by the interval interpolation calculation method is as follows:

dissolved oxygen monitoring value of 18.82mg/L at point 8>C_i,5mAnd when the content is 10mg/L, the sensory pleasure degree index of the water body with dissolved oxygen can be calculated according to a calculation formula as follows:

the above embodiment shows a calculation process of a real-time water quality index monitoring value. According to the index of the sensory pleasure degree of the water body shown in the results in the table 3, the overall sensory pleasure degree of the water body after integrating several water quality indexes is gradually decreased from the point 1 to the point 12. On one hand, the table 3 can give the overall evaluation of the sensory quality of the water body of each measuring point, and can also analyze the key pollution factors according to the water body sensory pleasure degree index numerical value of each water quality index of each measuring point, thereby providing basic data for water body pollution treatment and providing basis for the selection of treatment measures.

According to the method for evaluating the sensory pleasure degree of the water body, provided by the invention, the sensory quality grade evaluation of the water body can be further provided.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.