阅读说明：本技术 一种利用生物柴油生产生物基环保型基础油的方法 (Method for producing bio-environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel ) 是由 安文林 贾守义 于 2019-08-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用生物柴油为原料生产生物基环保型基础油的方法,本方法首先对生物柴油进行纯化,然后将纯化后的生物柴油与三羟甲基丙烷反应,得到生物基环保型基础油粗品,再对粗品进行纯化,得到高纯度生物基环保型基础油。本发明利用生物柴油生产生物基环保型基础油来替代矿物油基础油,实现了生物柴油的深加工高附加值利用,且这种能够用于调和生物基高端润滑油的基础油具有安全环保的特点,制备工艺简单。(The invention discloses a method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel as a raw material. The invention utilizes the biodiesel to produce the bio-based environment-friendly base oil to replace mineral oil base oil, realizes the deep processing and high value-added utilization of the biodiesel, and the base oil which can be used for blending the bio-based high-end lubricating oil has the characteristics of safety and environmental protection, and has simple preparation process.)

1. A method for producing bio-environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, purifying biodiesel to obtain a light yellow product A;

s2, carrying out catalytic reaction on the purified biodiesel and trimethylolpropane to obtain a product B;

s3, mixing the B with a certain proportion of solvent to reduce the density of the B;

s4, washing with water, standing, taking supernatant C, and distilling the supernatant C under reduced pressure to remove the solvent and water;

and S5, performing molecular distillation on the supernatant C to obtain the biological environment-friendly base oil D.

2. The method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel according to claim 1, wherein the bio-based environment-friendly base oil comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the acid value of the product A is 0.5-5mgKOH/g, and the content (w/w) of fatty acid methyl ester and fatty acid ethyl ester is above 95%, wherein the fatty acid is long-chain fatty acid and medium-chain fatty acid, and the number of carbon atoms on the carbon chain is more than 6 and less than 22.

3. The method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel according to claim 1, wherein the bio-based environment-friendly base oil comprises the following steps: the catalyst in the step S2 comprises potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and a self-made supported catalyst, and the product B is a crude product containing fatty acid methyl ester, fatty acid ethyl ester and monoester, diester and triester in trimethylolpropane fatty acid ester.

4. The method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel according to claim 1, wherein the bio-based environment-friendly base oil comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the used solvent is short-chain alkane including n-hexane, isooctane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether and the like, and the solvent is selected from alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon with the concentration of less than 0.9 g/L.

5. The method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel according to claim 1, wherein the bio-based environment-friendly base oil comprises the following steps: in step S4, the supernatant C contains fatty acid methyl ester, fatty acid ethyl ester, the solvent of claim 4, and one, two, or three esters of trimethylolpropane fatty acid ester.

6. The method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel according to claim 1, wherein the bio-based environment-friendly base oil comprises the following steps: the environment-friendly base oil D in the step S5 contains mono-ester, di-ester and tri-ester in trimethylolpropane fatty acid ester, and the content (w/w) of the trimethylolpropane fatty acid ester is more than 95%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of lubricating oil base oil, in particular to a method for producing bio-environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel.

Background

The research and development of foreign environment-friendly synthetic ester lubricating oil is vigorous, and governments in various countries pay great attention to the problem of environmental pollution caused by the lubricating oil. China clearly stipulates the quality indexes of petroleum products in surface water, but the domestic research on environment-friendly synthetic ester lubricating oil is very lagged compared with the foreign countries. At present, the important source of the bio-based environment-friendly base oil is that fatty acid and polyalcohol are used for esterification to obtain V-type base oil, namely synthetic ester base oil, and the raw material and production cost are high, so that the price of the bio-based lubricating oil is high, and the popularization and the use of the bio-based lubricating oil are influenced.

Vegetable oils (e.g., rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, etc.), animal oils (e.g., fish oil, lard, tallow, sheep oil, etc.), waste oils, or microbial oils are all sources of fatty acids. The inexhaustible natural entitlements have good biodegradability, are safe and nontoxic, and are clean and environment-friendly raw materials for producing synthetic ester. China is a large producing country for planting and processing vegetable oil, the yield of the vegetable oil is the first world, the same is true for waste oil, and the annual yield exceeds 300 million tons. However, these oils and fats are generally used for producing biodiesel, i.e., methyl or ethyl fatty acid esters (biodiesel) obtained by transesterification of the oils and fats with methanol or ethanol, or esterification of fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis of the above oils and fats with methanol or ethanol. Although the biodiesel is a typical 'green energy source', the biodiesel has the characteristics of good environmental protection performance, good engine starting performance, good fuel performance, wide raw material source, renewability and the like, and has important strategic significance for promoting energy substitution, relieving environmental pressure and controlling urban atmospheric pollution. However, biodiesel has an important problem of low added value, unsmooth sale, difficult access to gas stations and weak market. Therefore, a new way for utilizing the biodiesel produced by the animal and vegetable oil and the waste oil is found, deep processing is carried out, and the prospect of researching and developing the bio-based environment-friendly lubricating oil with high added value is very wide. The invention provides a method for preparing bio-environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel.

The environmental-friendly synthetic ester lubricating oil produced by biodiesel is a new way for deep processing and utilization of fatty acid methyl ester. Biodiesel produced by waste grease is used as a main raw material and is reacted with polyol to generate polyol ester under the action of a catalyst. The key technology of the production of the bio-based environment-friendly base oil lies in the improvement of an ester exchange process, and the homogeneous catalysis method has the characteristics of high catalysis efficiency and mature process. The disadvantages are the discharge of non-acid (alkali) liquid in the esterification process, which is not beneficial to environmental protection and influences ecology. The improvement of the homogeneous catalysis process mainly focuses on how to reduce the dosage of the catalyst and improve the catalysis efficiency and the production process, such as improving the normal pressure continuous transesterification process, the pressurization continuous transesterification process, optimizing the processes of different raw materials and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel, and aims to promote the recovery and utilization of the biodiesel into the fifth type base oil and provide a raw material for the production of high-end lubricating oil.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

a method for producing bio-environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, purifying biodiesel to obtain a light yellow product A;

s2, catalyzing the purified biodiesel and trimethylolpropane to obtain a product B;

s3, mixing the B with a certain proportion of solvent to reduce the density of the B;

s4, washing with water, standing, taking supernatant C, and distilling the supernatant C under reduced pressure to remove the solvent and water;

and S5, performing molecular distillation on the supernatant C to obtain the product, namely the environment-friendly base oil D.

Preferably, in the step S1, the biodiesel is purified by molecular distillation under the following conditions: the pressure of the molecular distillation system is kept at about 2-20pa, the sample injection speed is kept at 0.5-1 drop per second, the rotating speed of the film forming device is 150-.

Preferably, in the step S2, the specific process includes: adding a certain amount of trimethylolpropane into the biodiesel obtained from S1, keeping the trimethylolpropane at 65-70 ℃ for 30min to completely melt the trimethylolpropane, then adding a catalyst (such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, a self-made supported catalyst and the like), adjusting the temperature to 100-140 ℃, and carrying out nitrogen protection reaction for 1-3h to obtain a product B, wherein the product B contains a mixture of fatty acid methyl ester, fatty acid ethyl ester and monoester, diester and triester in the trimethylolpropane fatty acid ester.

Preferably, in the step S3, the solvent used in the specific process is short-chain alkane including n-hexane, isooctane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, etc., the solvent is selected from alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon with a concentration of less than 0.9g/ml, and n-hexane half the volume of the product B is added into the product B and mixed uniformly.

Preferably, in the step S4, the specific process includes: after the product B is treated by S3, the product B is washed by nearly saturated sodium chloride solution for three times at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to remove the catalyst and unreacted trimethylolpropane.

Preferably, in the step S5, the specific process includes: subjecting the substance obtained in S4 to molecular distillation under the following conditions: the pressure of the molecular distillation system is kept at about 2-20pa, the sample injection speed is kept at 0.5-1 drop per second, the rotation speed of the film forming device is 150-.

The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the bio-environment-friendly base oil is produced by using the biodiesel, so that high value-added resource utilization of the biodiesel can be realized, and the ester base oil has good biodegradability and lubricating property; the environment-friendly base oil obtained by the method has excellent lubricating property, high viscosity index and good flame resistance, the biodegradation rate reaches more than 90 percent, and the environment-friendly base oil can be used for preparing hydraulic oil, chain saw oil and engine oil for water yachts which are required to be environment-friendly; the oil agent is widely used in steel plate cold rolling liquid, steel pipe drawing oil, cutting oil, release agent and other metal processing liquid, and can also be used as an intermediate of textile leather auxiliary agent and a textile oil agent.

[ description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1 is a chromatogram diagram of example 1 in a method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil from biodiesel according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a chromatogram diagram of example 2 in a method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil from biodiesel according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a chromatogram diagram of example 3 in a method for producing bio-based environment-friendly base oil from biodiesel according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a chromatogram diagram of example 4 in a method for producing environmentally friendly base oil from biodiesel according to the present invention.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

The invention discloses a method for producing environment-friendly base oil by using biodiesel, and raw materials used in the method are all purchased from the market unless specified.