阅读说明：本技术 具有优异的可逆吸水性的多孔材料 (Porous material having excellent reversible water absorption ) 是由 M·弗力可 W·勒尔斯贝格 M·诺比斯 D·温里克 于 2018-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种制备多孔材料的方法,该方法至少包括以下步骤：提供混合物(I),其包含含有适于形成有机凝胶的组分的组合物(A)和溶剂(B),组合物(A)中的组分在溶剂(B)的存在下反应形成凝胶；以及干燥在步骤b)中获得的凝胶,其中组合物(A)包含至少一种化合物(af)和至少一种组分(au),所述化合物(af)含有磷和至少一个对异氰酸酯具有反应性的官能团,所述组分(au)选自脲、缩二脲以及脲和缩二脲的衍生物。本发明还涉及可以这种方式获得的多孔材料,以及该多孔材料作为隔热材料和在真空隔热板中的用途,以及作为气体例如空气的干燥剂在过滤器系统、吸附式热泵中的用途,作为隔热材料在潮湿房间中的用途,或避免形成霉菌的用途。(The invention relates to a method for producing a porous material, comprising at least the following steps: providing a mixture (I) comprising a composition (a) comprising components suitable for forming an organogel and a solvent (B), the components in composition (a) reacting in the presence of solvent (B) to form a gel; and drying the gel obtained in step b), wherein the composition (a) comprises at least one compound (af) containing phosphorus and at least one functional group reactive toward isocyanates and at least one component (au) selected from the group consisting of urea, biuret and derivatives of urea and biuret. The invention also relates to a porous material obtainable in this way, and to the use of the porous material as an insulating material and in vacuum insulation panels, and as a desiccant for gases, such as air, in filter systems, adsorption heat pumps, as an insulating material in humid rooms, or to avoid the formation of mold.)

1. Method for preparing a porous material, comprising at least the following steps:

a) providing a mixture (I) comprising

(i) A composition (A) comprising components suitable for forming organogels, and

(ii) a solvent (B) which is a mixture of,

b) the components of composition (A) react in the presence of solvent (B) to form a gel, and

c) drying the gel obtained in step b),

wherein composition (A) comprises

At least one compound (af) containing phosphorus and at least one functional group reactive toward isocyanates, and

-at least one component (au) selected from the group consisting of urea, biuret and derivatives of urea and biuret.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein compound (au) is selected from the group consisting of urea, dimethyl urea, diphenyl urea, ethylene urea, dihydroxy ethylene urea, propylene urea and biuret.

3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein composition (a) comprises compound (af) in an amount such that the phosphorus content in the porous material is from 1 to 20% by weight.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein composition (A) comprises 0.1 to 15% by weight of compound (au).

5. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein compound (af) comprises at least one phosphorus-containing functional group.

6. The process according to claim 5, wherein compound (af) comprises at least one phosphorus-containing functional group selected from the group consisting of phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphites, phosphonites, phosphonates and phosphine oxides.

7. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein composition (A) comprises a Catalyst System (CS) comprising at least a catalyst component (C1) selected from alkali and alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium salts, ionic liquid salts of saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.

8. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein composition (A) comprises as component (a1) at least one polyfunctional isocyanate and as component (a2) at least one aromatic amine, optionally comprising water as component (a3) and optionally comprising as component (a4) at least one further catalyst.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the drying of step c) is carried out by converting the liquid contained in the gel into a gaseous state at a temperature and pressure below the critical temperature and critical pressure of the liquid contained in the gel.

10. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the drying of step c) is carried out under supercritical conditions.

11. A porous material obtained or obtainable by the method of any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. Use of the porous material according to claim 11 or obtained or obtainable by the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 as a thermal insulation material or as an adsorption material.

13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the porous material is used in an internal or external thermal insulation system.

14. Use according to claim 12, wherein the porous material is used for removing moulds.

Examples

1. Method of producing a composite material

1.1 determination of thermal conductivity

The thermal conductivity was measured according to DIN EN 12667 using a heat flow meter from Hesto (Lambda Control A50).

1.2 determination of compressive Strength and E modulus

Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were measured at 10% strain according to DIN 53421.

1.3 determination of Water absorption

The mass of the sample was determined before and after it was completely immersed in water for 24 hours. The water absorption was calculated accordingly based on the weight of the sample. After drying the samples at room temperature for 24 hours, shrinkage and surface appearance were investigated.

2. Material

Component a 1: oligomeric MDI (Lupranat M200) (hereinafter "M200") having an NCO content of 30.9g per 100g according to ASTM D-5155-96A, a functionality of about 3 and a viscosity of 2100mPa.s at 25 ℃ according to DIN 53018

Component a 2: 3, 3 ', 5, 5 ' -tetraethyl-4, 4 ' -diaminodiphenylmethane (hereinafter referred to as "MDEA")

Catalyst: triethanolamine

Urea (20%) in monoethylene glycol

Flame retardant: exolit OP560