End cover for vibration damper of railway vehicle
阅读说明：本技术 一种轨道车辆减振器用端盖 (End cover for vibration damper of railway vehicle ) 是由 庞林春 周小智 方照根 刘畅 陈春鹏 陈超 于 2020-01-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种轨道车辆减振器用端盖,包括端盖本体、阻尼阀、卸荷阀和单向阀；所述端盖本体的中心设有沿轴向贯穿端盖本体两端面的活塞杆安装孔；所述端盖本体上还设有阻尼阀安装孔、卸荷阀安装孔和单向阀安装孔；所述阻尼阀安装孔和卸荷阀安装孔均贯穿端盖本体的两端面；所述单向阀安装孔为开口设置于端盖本体内端面上的盲孔；所述阻尼阀安装于阻尼阀安装孔内,卸荷阀安装于卸荷阀安装孔内,单向阀安装于单向阀安装孔内。本发明的阻尼阀安装孔和卸荷阀安装孔均贯穿端盖本体的两端面,可以直接调阀,无需拆解减振器,调节非常方便。(The invention discloses an end cover for a rail vehicle vibration absorber, which comprises an end cover body, a damping valve, an unloading valve and a one-way valve, wherein the damping valve is arranged on the end cover body; a piston rod mounting hole axially penetrating through two end faces of the end cover body is formed in the center of the end cover body; the end cover body is also provided with a damping valve mounting hole, an unloading valve mounting hole and a one-way valve mounting hole; the damping valve mounting hole and the unloading valve mounting hole penetrate through two end faces of the end cover body; the one-way valve mounting hole is a blind hole with an opening arranged on the inner end face of the end cover body; the damping valve is arranged in the damping valve mounting hole, the unloading valve is arranged in the unloading valve mounting hole, and the one-way valve is arranged in the one-way valve mounting hole. The damping valve mounting hole and the unloading valve mounting hole penetrate through the two end faces of the end cover body, so that the valve can be directly adjusted without disassembling the shock absorber, and the adjustment is very convenient.)
1. An end cover for a rail vehicle vibration damper, characterized in that: comprises an end cover body (1), a damping valve (2), an unloading valve (3) and a one-way valve (4); a piston rod mounting hole (1-1) axially penetrating through two end faces of the end cover body (1) is formed in the center of the end cover body (1); the end cover body (1) is also provided with a damping valve mounting hole (1-2), an unloading valve mounting hole (1-3) and a one-way valve mounting hole (1-4); the damping valve mounting hole (1-2) and the unloading valve mounting hole (1-3) penetrate through two end faces of the end cover body (1); the one-way valve mounting hole (1-4) is a blind hole with an opening arranged on the inner end face of the end cover body (1); the outer circumferential surface of the end cover body (1) is provided with oil through holes (1-5) which are respectively correspondingly communicated with the damping valve mounting holes (1-2), the unloading valve mounting holes (1-3) and the one-way valve mounting holes (1-4), and oil through grooves (1-6) which extend from the oil through holes (1-5) to the inner end surface of the end cover body (1); the damping valve (2) is arranged in the damping valve mounting hole (1-2), the unloading valve (3) is arranged in the unloading valve mounting hole (1-3), and the one-way valve (4) is arranged in the one-way valve mounting hole (1-4).
2. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a sealing system consisting of a guide ring, a Stent seal and a framework oil seal is arranged in a piston rod mounting hole (1-1) of the end cover body (1).
3. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and a low-pressure oil return groove (1-7) is formed in the mounting groove of the framework oil seal.
4. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the damping valve mounting hole (1-2), the unloading valve mounting hole (1-3) and the check valve mounting hole (1-4) in the end cover body (1) are all gradually far away from the piston rod mounting hole (1-1) from the inner end face to the outer end face of the end cover.
5. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the damping valve (2) comprises a damping valve seat (2-1), a damping valve core (2-2), a damping spring (2-3) and a first valve adjusting nut (2-4) which are arranged in sequence; the damping valve seat (2-1) is fixed between the inner end of the damping valve mounting hole (1-2) and the oil through hole (1-5); a first valve seat hole which penetrates through the damping valve seat (2-1) along the axial direction is formed in the damping valve seat (2-1); the damping valve core (2-2) is provided with a central blind hole (2-2-1) and a damping hole (2-2-2); the central blind hole (2-2-1) is formed in the end face, facing the damping valve seat (2-1), of the damping valve core (2-2) and is communicated with the first valve seat hole; the damping hole (2-2-2) penetrates through the damping valve core (2-2) along the radial direction and is communicated with the central blind hole (2-2-1); the first valve adjusting nut (2-4) is in threaded connection with the outer end of the damping valve mounting hole (1-2).
6. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the aperture of the first valve seat hole is larger than that of the central blind hole (2-2-1) and larger than that of the damping hole (2-2-2).
7. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 5, wherein: a cylindrical boss (2-2-3) is arranged at the outer end of the damping valve core (2-2), and one end of the damping spring (2-3) is sleeved on the cylindrical boss (2-2-3); the inner end of the first adjusting valve nut (2-4) is provided with a groove for accommodating the other end of the damping spring (2-3).
8. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 7, wherein: a valve core oil outlet step (2-2-4) and a spring supporting step (2-2-5) are sequentially arranged on the end face of one end of the damping valve core (2-2) back to the damping valve seat (2-1); the cylindrical boss (2-2-3) is arranged on the spring support step (2-2-5); an oil outlet square groove (2-2-6) communicated with the damping hole (2-2-2) is formed in the circumferential surface of the spring supporting step (2-2-5).
9. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the unloading valve (3) comprises an unloading valve seat (3-1), an unloading valve core (3-2), an unloading spring (3-3) and a second valve adjusting nut (3-4) which are arranged in sequence; the unloading valve seat (3-1) is fixed between the inner end of the unloading valve mounting hole (1-3) and the oil through hole (1-5); a second valve seat hole axially penetrating through the unloading valve seat (3-1) is formed in the unloading valve seat (3-1); the unloading valve core (3-2) is suitable for forming surface sealing with the end surface of the unloading valve seat (3-1) so as to cover the second valve seat hole; and the second valve adjusting nut (3-4) is in threaded connection with the outer end of the unloading valve mounting hole (1-3).
10. An end cap for a rail vehicle vibration damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the check valve mounting hole (1-4) of the end cover body (1) is a stepped hole, the small end of the check valve mounting hole (1-4) is communicated with the oil through hole (1-5), and the check valve (4) is mounted inside the large end of the check valve mounting hole (1-4); the check valve (4) comprises a check valve core (4-1), a check valve spring (4-2) and a check valve pre-tightening nut (4-3) which are arranged in sequence; the one-way valve core (4-1) is in contact with a step surface in the one-way valve mounting hole (1-4) to form surface sealing, and is suitable for covering the small end part of the one-way valve mounting hole (1-4); the check valve pre-tightening nut (4-3) is in threaded connection with the large end of the check valve mounting hole (1-4); the check valve pre-tightening nut (4-3) is provided with a central through hole.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an end cover for a rail vehicle vibration damper.
Background
When the motor train unit operates, due to the fact that the motor train unit is disturbed by various factors, interaction is necessarily generated between each vehicle of the motor train unit and each rail, and transverse and longitudinal unbalanced forces are generated through interaction. In addition, in the manufacturing process, the rails cannot be absolutely straight and rigid, and the wheels of the motor train unit cannot be perfectly round. Due to the unbalanced force and the manufacturing error, the motor train unit can present a complex motion law when running along the steel rail, so that vibration is inevitably generated, and important influences are generated on the running safety of the motor train unit and the comfort of passengers. In order to reduce the vibration frequency and amplitude and improve the running safety of the motor train unit, the application of the oil pressure shock absorber in the motor train unit is more and more extensive. The end cover of the motor train unit oil pressure shock absorber is a main part of valve system integration, plays a role in lifting weight in the working process of the shock absorber, and whether the valve system of the end cover is arranged reasonably or not affects the performance of the whole shock absorber and also has great influence on the production efficiency of the shock absorber.
Most shock absorber end covers on the market at present are not provided with valve systems, or the valve systems are arranged due to structural problems, so that the shock absorber is high in working noise, unstable in damping performance, low in valve adjusting efficiency and the like. Therefore, in order to reduce the working noise of the shock absorber, improve the damping performance and improve the production efficiency of the shock absorber, it is necessary to provide a novel end cover similar to the present application.
Most of existing damping valve system valve cores adopt bowl-shaped structures, openings of damping holes are vertically upward, Chinese patent document with patent number ZL200720062555.4 discloses a railway oil pressure damper throttling valve, when a damper works, high-pressure oil is directly sprayed into oil in the bowl-shaped valve cores, severe noise is generated (sound is large when water jet in a water faucet is directly sprayed into water containing half barrels of water, noise is small when the water jet is directly sprayed to a water barrel wall), in addition, when the high-pressure oil passes through the damping holes and then enters a cylindrical cavity surrounded by a spring, when a spring gap is too small and the spring moves, the oil passes through the spring gap to generate secondary damping and pressure instability, interference factors can be generated on a valve, the valve adjusting efficiency is reduced, and the production efficiency of the whole damper is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an end cover for a vibration absorber of a railway vehicle, which can reduce the working noise of the vibration absorber, improve the damping performance and improve the valve adjusting efficiency, aiming at the defects of high noise, more factors influencing the valve adjusting, unstable damping force, low valve adjusting efficiency and the like of the traditional vibration absorber.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: an end cover for a vibration absorber of a railway vehicle comprises an end cover body, a damping valve, an unloading valve and a one-way valve; a piston rod mounting hole axially penetrating through two end faces of the end cover body is formed in the center of the end cover body; the end cover body is also provided with a damping valve mounting hole, an unloading valve mounting hole and a one-way valve mounting hole; the damping valve mounting hole and the unloading valve mounting hole penetrate through two end faces of the end cover body; the one-way valve mounting hole is a blind hole with an opening arranged on the inner end face of the end cover body; the outer peripheral surface of the end cover body is provided with an oil through hole which is correspondingly communicated with the damping valve mounting hole, the unloading valve mounting hole and the one-way valve mounting hole respectively, and an oil through groove which extends from the oil through hole to the inner end surface of the end cover body; the damping valve is arranged in the damping valve mounting hole, the unloading valve is arranged in the unloading valve mounting hole, and the one-way valve is arranged in the one-way valve mounting hole.
And a sealing system consisting of a guide ring, a Stent seal and a framework oil seal is arranged in a piston rod mounting hole of the end cover body.
A low-pressure oil return groove is formed in an installation groove of the framework oil seal, so that oil in a sealed low-pressure area is prevented from leaking outwards, and smooth backflow of the oil in a sealed cavity is guaranteed.
The damping valve mounting hole, the unloading valve mounting hole and the one-way valve mounting hole in the end cover body are all gradually far away from the piston rod mounting hole from the inner end face to the outer end face of the end cover.
The damping valve comprises a damping valve seat, a damping valve core, a damping spring and a first valve adjusting nut which are arranged in sequence; the damping valve seat is fixed between the inner end of the damping valve mounting hole and the oil through hole; a first valve seat hole which penetrates through the damping valve seat along the axial direction is formed in the damping valve seat; the damping valve core is provided with a central blind hole and a damping hole; the center blind hole is formed in the end face, facing the damping valve seat, of one end of the damping valve core and is communicated with the first valve seat hole; the damping hole radially penetrates through the damping valve core and is communicated with the central blind hole; and the first valve adjusting nut is in threaded connection with the outer end of the damping valve mounting hole.
The aperture of the first valve seat hole is larger than the aperture of the central blind hole and larger than the aperture of the damping hole.
The aperture of the central blind hole is 2.8 times larger than that of the damping hole, so that the oil mass passing through the central blind hole is larger than that passing through the damping hole.
A cylindrical boss is arranged at the outer end of the damping valve core, and one end of the damping spring is sleeved on the cylindrical boss; the inner end of the first adjusting valve nut is provided with a groove for accommodating the other end of the damping spring.
A valve core oil outlet step and a spring supporting step are sequentially arranged on the end face of one end, back to the damping valve seat, of the damping valve core; the cylindrical boss is arranged on the spring support step; and an oil outlet square groove communicated with the damping hole is formed in the circumferential surface of the spring supporting step.
The unloading valve comprises an unloading valve seat, an unloading valve core, an unloading spring and a second valve adjusting nut which are arranged in sequence; the unloading valve seat is fixed between the inner end of the unloading valve mounting hole and the oil through hole; the unloading valve seat is provided with a second valve seat hole which axially penetrates through the unloading valve seat; the unloading valve core is suitable for forming surface sealing with the end face of the unloading valve seat so as to cover the second valve seat hole; and the second valve adjusting nut is in threaded connection with the outer end of the unloading valve mounting hole.
And grooves for accommodating unloading springs are arranged on the unloading valve core and the second adjusting valve nut.
The one-way valve mounting hole of the end cover body is a stepped hole, the small end of the one-way valve mounting hole is communicated with the oil through hole, and the one-way valve is mounted inside the large end of the one-way valve mounting hole; the one-way valve comprises a one-way valve core, a one-way valve spring and a one-way valve pre-tightening nut which are sequentially arranged; the one-way valve core is in contact with a step surface in the one-way valve mounting hole to form surface sealing and is suitable for covering the small end part of the one-way valve mounting hole; the check valve pre-tightening nut is in threaded connection with the large end of the check valve mounting hole; the check valve pre-tightening nut is provided with a central through hole.
And grooves for accommodating one-way valve springs are arranged on the one-way valve core and the one-way valve pre-tightening nut.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the damping valve mounting hole and the unloading valve mounting hole penetrate through the two end faces of the end cover body, so that the valve can be directly adjusted without disassembling the shock absorber, and the adjustment is very convenient.
(2) The damping valve core is provided with the central blind hole and the damping hole, high-pressure oil generated when the shock absorber vibrates passes through the first valve seat hole and then passes through the damping hole of the damping valve core to generate damping force, and the high-pressure oil directly sprays to the inner wall of the damping valve mounting hole after passing through the damping hole, so that the condition that high-pressure oil jet directly sprays to oil in the damping valve mounting hole to generate noise is avoided.
(3) The end face of one end, back to the damping valve seat, of the damping valve core is sequentially provided with the valve core oil outlet step and the spring supporting step, and the circumferential surface of the spring supporting step is provided with the oil outlet square groove communicated with the damping hole.
(4) The invention can realize the three-level damping force adjustment, is applicable to different types of shock absorbers, when the shock absorber vibrates, high-pressure oil firstly passes through the damping hole of the damping valve core to generate a first-level damping force, when the vibration speed is accelerated and the oil pressure is further increased, the damping valve core compresses the damping spring under the action of the oil pressure, so that the damping valve is opened, and at the moment, a second-level damping force is generated; when the vibration speed is increased again, the oil pressure is increased again, the unloading valve is opened, and at the moment, three-level damping force is generated, so that the shock absorber is protected from being damaged due to too large internal pressure.
(5) The check valve can ensure that oil passes through the oil through hole, and after the pressure of a check valve spring acting on the check valve core is overcome, one-way oil return is realized through the check valve mounting hole and the central through hole of the check valve pre-tightening nut, but the oil cannot realize reverse flow.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1
Fig. 3 is a rear view of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view C-C of fig. 3.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the damper valve cartridge of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 6.
The reference numbers in the drawings are:
the end cover comprises an end cover body 1, a piston rod mounting hole 1-1, a damping valve mounting hole 1-2, an unloading valve mounting hole 1-3, a one-way valve mounting hole 1-4, an oil through hole 1-5, an oil through groove 1-6 and a low-pressure oil return groove 1-7;
the damping valve comprises a
the unloading
the check valve comprises a check valve 4, a check valve core 4-1, a check valve spring 4-2 and a check valve pre-tightening nut 4-3.
Detailed Description
(example 1)
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the end cover for the rail vehicle vibration absorber of the present embodiment includes an end cover body 1, a
The center of the end cover body 1 is provided with a piston rod mounting hole 1-1 which axially penetrates through two end faces of the end cover body 1. The end cover body 1 is also provided with damping valve mounting holes 1-2, unloading valve mounting holes 1-3 and one-way valve mounting holes 1-4. The damping valve mounting hole 1-2 and the unloading valve mounting hole 1-3 penetrate through two end faces of the end cover body 1. The one-way valve mounting holes 1-4 are blind holes with openings arranged on the inner end face of the end cover body 1. The outer peripheral surface of the end cover body 1 is provided with oil through holes 1-5 which are respectively communicated with the damping valve mounting holes 1-2, the unloading valve mounting holes 1-3 and the one-way valve mounting holes 1-4 correspondingly, and oil through grooves 1-6 which extend from the oil through holes 1-5 to the inner end surface of the end cover body 1. The damping valve mounting hole 1-2, the unloading valve mounting hole 1-3 and the check valve mounting hole 1-4 are all gradually far away from the piston rod mounting hole 1-1 from the inner end face to the outer end face of the end cover. The
A sealing system consisting of a guide ring, a Stent seal and a framework oil seal is arranged in a piston rod mounting hole 1-1 of the end cover body 1. As shown in figure 5, low-pressure oil return grooves 1-7 are formed in the mounting groove of the framework oil seal, so that oil in a sealed low-pressure area is prevented from leaking outwards, and smooth backflow of the oil in the sealed cavity is guaranteed.
The
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the damper valve core 2-2 is provided with a central blind hole 2-2-1 and a damper hole 2-2-2. The central blind hole 2-2-1 is arranged on the end face of one end of the damping valve core 2-2 facing the damping valve seat 2-1 and is communicated with the first valve seat hole. The damping hole 2-2-2 penetrates through the damping valve core 2-2 along the radial direction and is communicated with the central blind hole 2-2-1. The aperture of the first valve seat hole is larger than the aperture of the central blind hole 2-2-1 and larger than the aperture of the damping hole 2-2-2. The aperture of the central blind hole 2-2-1 is 2.8 times larger than that of the damping hole 2-2-2, so that the oil quantity passing through the central blind hole 2-2-1 is larger than that passing through the damping hole 2-2-2.
The outer end of the damping valve core 2-2 is provided with a cylindrical boss 2-2-3, and one end of the damping spring 2-3 is sleeved on the cylindrical boss 2-2-3. The inner end of the first adjusting valve nut 2-4 is provided with a groove for accommodating the other end of the damping spring 2-3. The end face of one end of the damping valve core 2-2, which is back to the damping valve seat 2-1, is sequentially provided with a valve core oil outlet step 2-2-4 and a spring supporting step 2-2-5. The cylindrical boss 2-2-3 is arranged on the spring support step 2-2-5. An oil outlet square groove 2-2-6 communicated with the damping hole 2-2-2 is arranged on the circumferential surface of the spring supporting step 2-2-5.
The unloading
The one-way valve mounting holes 1-4 of the end cover body 1 are stepped holes, the small ends of the one-way valve mounting holes 1-4 are communicated with the oil through holes 1-5, and the one-way valve 4 is mounted inside the large ends of the one-way valve mounting holes 1-4. The one-way valve 4 comprises a one-way valve core 4-1, a one-way valve spring 4-2 and a one-way valve pre-tightening nut 4-3 which are arranged in sequence. The one-way valve core 4-1 is contacted with the step surface inside the one-way valve mounting hole 1-4 to form surface sealing and is suitable for covering the small end part of the one-way valve mounting hole 1-4. The check valve pre-tightening nut 4-3 is in threaded connection with the big end of the check valve mounting hole 1-4. The check valve pre-tightening nut 4-3 is provided with a central through hole. Grooves for accommodating the one-way valve spring 4-2 are formed in the one-way valve core 4-1 and the one-way valve pre-tightening nut 4-3.
Different compression lengths of the one-way valve spring 4-2 are realized by adjusting the screwing-in depth of the one-way valve pre-tightening nut 4-3, and then the oil return opening degree of the one-way valve core 4-1 is adjusted. The one-way valve 4 can ensure that oil passes through the oil through hole, and after the pressure of the one-way valve spring 4-2 acting on the one-way valve core 4-1 is overcome, one-way oil return is realized through the one-way valve mounting hole 1-4 and the central through hole of the one-way valve pre-tightening nut 4-3, but the oil cannot realize reverse flow.
When the shock absorber generates vibration, high-pressure oil passes through the damping hole 2-2-2 to generate primary damping force, when the vibration speed is accelerated, the oil with larger flow cannot pass through the damping hole 2-2-2, at the moment, under the action of the high-pressure oil, the damping valve core 2-2 compresses the damping spring 2-3, and the damping valve core 2-2 is opened to generate secondary damping force; when the speed is higher, the unloading valve core 3-2 compresses the unloading spring 3-3 under the action of oil hydraulic pressure, and the shock absorber is unloaded. When the valve is adjusted, only the first valve adjusting nut 2-4 needs to be screwed or unscrewed to control the compression length of the damping spring 2-3, so that the opening pressure of the damping valve core 2-2 is controlled.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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