阅读说明：本技术 茶皂素在刺参养殖中杀灭水产敌害生物中的应用 (Application of tea saponin in killing aquatic product harmful organisms in stichopus japonicus culture ) 是由 韩莎 李成林 胡炜 赵斌 刘兆存 解秀春 于 2019-12-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了茶皂素在刺参养殖中杀灭水产敌害生物中的应用,属于水产养殖技术领域。本发明提供的茶皂素在刺参养殖中杀灭水产敌害生物中的应用,解决了现有技术中人工手捡方法中存在的人力、物力及时间成本额外耗费大,影响正常生产计划,以及操作过程中极易对参苗造成刺激和物理损伤的问题,同时还解决了使用中草药复方处理行杀除工艺中存在的药物配方复杂、药浴时间长以及药浴后处理工艺繁琐的问题,具有杀灭效率高、效果彻底、无任何额外人工和时间成本、对刺参无任何副作用,且易于规模化推广使用的特点。(The invention provides application of tea saponin in killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus culture, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The application of the tea saponin in killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus culture solves the problems that in the prior art, the manual picking method has high additional consumption of labor, material and time costs, influences the normal production plan and easily causes irritation and physical damage to the stichopus japonicus seedlings in the operation process, and also solves the problems of complex medicament formula, long medicinal bath time and complicated medicinal bath after-treatment process in the Chinese herbal medicine compound treatment killing process in use.)

1. The application of the tea saponin shown as the formula I in killing aquatic product harmful organisms in stichopus japonicus culture.

2. The use of claim 1, wherein the working concentration of tea saponin comprises 30ppm to 60 ppm.

3. The use of claim 2, wherein the working time of the tea saponin comprises 1-3 hours.

4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the species of aquatic enemy organisms include organisms of the ascidians, copepods and/or scuticlophora species.

5. Use according to claim 4, wherein the ascidians comprise glass ascidians.

6. The use of claim 5, wherein the tea saponin is processed according to the size of aquatic enemy organisms:

when the diameter of the glass ascidians is less than 5mm, treating the glass ascidians for 2-3 hours by adopting a tea saponin seawater solution with the working concentration of 30-40 ppm;

when the diameter of the glass ascidians is 5-12 mm, the tea saponin seawater solution with the working concentration of 50-60 ppm is adopted for treatment for 1-2 h.

7. The use of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method for killing aquatic enemy organisms in the stichopus japonicus culture comprises the following steps:

1) preparing tea saponin seawater solution;

2) and 7-8 am, splashing the tea saponin seawater solution into the stichopus japonicus culture pond for medicated bath treatment, stopping oxygenation in the period, and changing water, pouring the pond or changing an attachment base after the treatment is finished.

8. The use of claim 7, wherein the stichopus japonicus is cultivated in a stichopus japonicus cultivating pond during the medicated bath treatment.

9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the stichopus japonicus has a gauge of greater than 2000 heads/kg.

10. The application of claim 7, wherein the temperature of the aquaculture water body in the stichopus japonicus culture pond is 20-24 ℃, and the salinity of the aquaculture water body in the stichopus japonicus culture pond is 30-34.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to application of tea saponin in killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus culture.

Background

Sea squirt, copepod, scuticocida and other marine organisms are the main harmful organisms in the aquaculture process. The mass propagation of the organisms can not only compete for living space and bait with stichopus japonicus, but also consume a large amount of dissolved oxygen and excrete metabolites into water, thereby inhibiting the growth of aquatic animals. Taking the glass ascidians as an example, the glass ascidians are major harmful organisms in the stichopus japonicus offspring seed culture pond, the fertility is strong, and no method for effectively controlling and eliminating the occurrence of a large number of glass ascidians is available so far. At present, the method commonly used in production is to eliminate the glass ascidians through physical filtration, which has certain effect on the production of the seedling raising pond, can effectively reduce the harm of the glass ascidians through water inlet filtration and frequent water change, and controls the entry from the source. However, the ascidians which enter the breeding pond culture system and start to propagate can only be removed by manual sorting, which not only wastes time and labor, but also has adverse effects on ecological environment and product safety because the ascidians are soaked with chemical agents for preventing excessive stress or diseases of the ginseng seedlings after sorting; or the ascidians are killed by medicines, but at present, medicines which can effectively kill the ascidians and have no adverse effect on stichopus japonicus are not enough, researches on the technology for preventing, controlling and removing the ascidians are still few, and the research is mostly focused on searching for proper killing medicines, so that aquatic disease prevention and control personnel always explore the medicines for removing the ascidians for many years, but the progress is not great, wherein the killing by using a Chinese herbal medicine compound is reported, but the problems of complex medicine formula, long medicinal bath time, complex treatment process after medicinal bath and the like exist, and the wide popularization and the use are not seen in the production at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide the application of tea saponin in killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus culture, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, simplicity, convenience and safety and is suitable for large-scale popularization and use.

The invention provides application of tea saponin shown as a formula I in killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus culture.

Preferably, the working concentration of the tea saponin comprises 30ppm to 60 ppm.

Preferably, the working time of the tea saponin comprises 1-3 h.

Preferably, the species of said aquatic enemy organisms include ascidians, copepods and/or ciliates protists.

Preferably, the ascidians comprise ascidians hybridus.

Preferably, the tea saponin processing method varies according to the individual size of aquatic enemy organisms:

when the diameter of the glass ascidians is less than 5mm, treating the glass ascidians for 2-3 hours by adopting a tea saponin seawater solution with the working concentration of 30-40 ppm;

when the diameter of the glass ascidians is 5-12 mm, the tea saponin seawater solution with the working concentration of 50-60 ppm is adopted for treatment for 1-2 h.

Preferably, the method for killing aquatic enemy organisms in the stichopus japonicus culture comprises the following steps:

1) preparing tea saponin seawater solution;

2) and 7-8 am, splashing the tea saponin seawater solution into the stichopus japonicus culture pond for medicated bath treatment, stopping oxygenation in the period, and changing water, pouring the pond or changing an attachment base after the treatment is finished.

Preferably, the stichopus japonicus is cultured in the stichopus japonicus culture pond during the medicated bath treatment.

Preferably, the stichopus japonicus standard is greater than 2000 heads/kg.

Preferably, the temperature of the aquaculture water body in the stichopus japonicus culture pond is 20-24 ℃, and the salinity of the aquaculture water body in the stichopus japonicus culture pond is 30-34.

The invention provides application of tea saponin shown as a formula I in killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus culture, solves the problems that in the prior art, the manual picking method has large additional cost on manpower, material resources and time, influences the normal production plan, and easily causes irritation and physical damage to ginseng seedlings in the operation process, and also solves the problems of complex medicament formula, long medicinal bath time and complicated treatment process after medicinal bath in the use of Chinese herbal medicine compound treatment for killing process. Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:

1. high killing efficiency and thorough effect

The application only needs 1h of medicated bath to kill about 50% of main enemy organisms of the aquatic products in the water body, and can kill all the main enemy organisms (including enemy organism larvae) after 3 h;

2. without any additional labor and time costs

After the application is adopted for treatment, aquatic enemy organisms on the attaching base can directly fall into the bottom of the pool or can fall into the pool after being slightly shaken, and then the aquatic enemy organisms are poured into the pool and the attaching base is replaced by conventional methods, so that the application is more time-saving and labor-saving than the conventional method of manually peeling off a large number of temporary labor staff, and has no additional cost;

3. has no side effect on Stichopus japonicus

The used tea saponin has no stress response to the stichopus japonicus, the whole killing process is safe and green, the normal survival and growth of the stichopus japonicus are not influenced, and the ecological environment is not polluted;

4. is easy to be popularized and used in large scale

The formula of the medicinal substance is simple, the tea saponin raw material source is wide, and the tea saponin compound preparation is easier to popularize and use in large scale in production compared with the disclosed compound Chinese herbal medicine compound formula.

In conclusion, the application provided by the invention can be used when the ascidians explode in a large range, the thorn of the stichopus japonicus seeds can stretch and normally attach during the medicated bath, the stress phenomena of spitting intestines, dissolving skin and the like can not occur, the stichopus japonicus seeds can normally grow after water is changed, and no adverse effect is caused.

Detailed Description

The invention provides application of tea saponin shown as a formula I in killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus culture.

In the present invention, the species of said aquatic enemy organisms preferably include ascidians, copepods and/or ciliates protists. The ascidians preferably comprise glass ascidians. The copepods preferably include philosophila, cyclops, and daphnia magna. Preferably, said ciliates comprise ciliates. The invention takes the glass ascidians as an example to illustrate the effect of killing aquatic enemy organisms, but the invention can not be understood as only having the effect of killing the glass ascidians.

In the invention, the killing effect of the tea saponin is related to the working concentration and the treatment time, the working concentration of the tea saponin preferably comprises 30-60 ppm, more preferably 40-50 ppm, and the working time of the tea saponin preferably comprises 1-3 hours, more preferably 2 hours. Under the working concentration, the tea saponin has higher killing effect, and the highest killing rate reaches 100 percent. When the concentration is lower than the working concentration, the killing effect is obviously reduced, and the killing rate only reaches 18.2-42 percent. The source of the tea saponin is not particularly limited, and the tea saponin known in the art can be used, and in the embodiment of the invention, the tea saponin is purchased from Hitachi Biotech company in Zhejiang.

In the invention, the tea saponin processing method preferably varies according to the individual size of aquatic enemy organisms: when the diameter of the glass ascidians is less than 5mm, preferably treating the glass ascidians for 2-3 hours, more preferably for 3 hours by adopting a tea saponin seawater solution with the working concentration of 30-40 ppm; when the diameter of the glass ascidians is 5-12 mm, the tea saponin seawater solution with the working concentration of 50-60 ppm is preferably adopted for treatment for 1-2 h, and more preferably for 2 h.

In the present invention, the method for killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus cultivation preferably comprises the following steps:

1) preparing tea saponin seawater solution;

2) and 7-8 am, splashing the tea saponin seawater solution into the stichopus japonicus culture pond for medicated bath treatment, stopping oxygenation in the period, and changing water, pouring the pond or changing an attachment base after the treatment is finished.

The method for preparing the tea saponin seawater solution preferably comprises the steps of dissolving tea saponin powder in seawater 2-3 days before use, filtering by using 200-mesh bolting silk, and putting into a refrigerator for cold storage for later use.

In the present invention, the tea saponin seawater solution is preferably sprinkled into the stichopus japonicus cultivating pond to the working concentration described above. The time of the medicated bath treatment is preferably the working time. Before the tea saponin seawater solution is splashed, the stichopus japonicus culture pond is preferably oxygenated conventionally. The oxygenation was stopped during the medicated bath treatment.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the stichopus japonicus is cultured in a stichopus japonicus culture pond at the time of the medicated bath treatment. The stichopus japonicus comprises young stichopus japonicus, and the specification of the stichopus japonicus is preferably more than 2000 heads/kg, more preferably 5-25 g/head. In the process of medicated bath treatment, the stichopus japonicus has normal activity, the thorn has no shrinkage, the body is freely stretched, and the stichopus japonicus is moved into fresh seawater after the medicated bath treatment is finished without adverse phenomena such as skin dissolving, intestine spitting and the like, which shows that the tea saponin seawater solution has safe and non-toxic effects on the stichopus japonicus and is suitable for killing enemy organisms in the stichopus japonicus culture.

In the invention, the temperature of the culture water body in the stichopus japonicus culture pond is preferably 20-24 ℃, and more preferably 22-23 ℃. The salinity of the culture water body in the stichopus japonicus culture pond is preferably 30-34, more preferably 31-33, and most preferably 32.

The application of the tea saponin provided by the present invention in killing aquatic enemy organisms in stichopus japonicus culture will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.