阅读说明：本技术 一种易碎型穿甲弹动态靶实验破片多参数测量系统和方法 (Fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement system and method ) 是由 吴学成 薛志亮 周永刚 吴迎春 于 2019-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种易碎型穿甲弹动态靶实验破片多参数测量系统和方法,属于易碎型穿甲弹动态靶实验破片参数测量技术领域,测量系统包括：弹道枪,用于发射易碎型穿甲弹；装甲钢板,实验靶,易碎型穿甲弹撞击所述装甲钢板后形成破片；测速模块,测量易碎型穿甲弹的速度；脉冲激光器模块,朝向所述破片发出激光；CCD相机组,用于记录所述破片不同时刻的全息图；时序控制模块,用于接收测速模块的电压信号,按照预设时序发出脉冲激光器出光电压信号和CCD相机开始曝光电压信号；计算模块,用于采集CCD相机记录的破片全息图并用全息图重建软件,得到所述破片的大小、形状、三维速度及加速度参数。能够获得破片的大小、形状、三维速度及加速度参数信息。(The invention discloses a fragile armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement system and a fragile armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement method, which belong to the technical field of fragile armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment parameter measurement, and the measurement system comprises: a ballistic gun for firing frangible armor-piercing projectiles; the armor plate is used for carrying out the test, and the fragile armor-piercing projectile impacts the armor plate to form fragments; the speed measuring module is used for measuring the speed of the fragile armor-piercing projectile; a pulsed laser module that emits laser light toward the fragment; the CCD camera set is used for recording the holograms of the fragments at different moments; the time sequence control module is used for receiving the voltage signal of the speed measuring module and sending out a pulse laser light-emitting voltage signal and a CCD camera exposure starting voltage signal according to a preset time sequence; and the calculation module is used for acquiring the fragment hologram recorded by the CCD camera and reconstructing software by using the hologram to obtain the size, the shape, the three-dimensional speed and the acceleration parameter of the fragment. The size, shape, three-dimensional speed and acceleration parameter information of the fragment can be obtained.)

1. The utility model provides a breakable type armor-piercing bullet developments target experiment fragmentation multi-parameter measurement system which characterized in that includes:

a ballistic gun for firing frangible armor-piercing projectiles;

the armor plate is used for carrying out the test, and the fragile armor-piercing projectile impacts the armor plate to form fragments;

the speed measuring module is used for measuring the speed of the fragile armor-piercing projectile;

a pulsed laser module that emits laser light toward the fragment;

the CCD camera set is used for recording the holograms of the fragments at different moments;

the time sequence control module is used for receiving the voltage signal of the speed measuring module and sending out a pulse laser light-emitting voltage signal and a CCD camera exposure starting voltage signal according to a preset time sequence;

and the calculation module is used for acquiring the fragment hologram recorded by the CCD camera and reconstructing software by using the hologram to obtain the size, the shape, the three-dimensional speed and the acceleration parameter of the fragment.

2. The fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multiparameter measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the pulse laser module comprises three lasers, a beam combining prism group is arranged between the three lasers, and lasers emitted by the three lasers are combined through the beam combining prism and then share the same optical axis.

3. The fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multiparameter measuring system according to claim 2, wherein beam-expanding collimators for expanding and collimating the laser beams after beam-closing are arranged on beam-closing light paths of the three lasers.

4. The fragile type armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multiparameter measuring system according to claim 2, wherein the CCD camera group comprises two CCD cameras, the time sequence control module controls a first laser to emit light in an exposure time period of the first CCD camera, and a second laser and a third laser to emit light in an exposure time period of the second CCD camera.

5. The fragile type armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multiparameter measuring system according to claim 4, wherein a light splitting cube is arranged between the two CCD cameras, and the optical distances from the signal light beam to the two CCD cameras through the beam splitting of the light splitting cube are equal.

6. The fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multiparameter measuring system according to claim 5, wherein two lenses for expanding a measuring field of view and a filter module arranged between the two lenses are arranged on a light path of laser emitted by the pulse laser module after the laser passes through the fragment; the filter module comprises a 532nm filter and a neutral attenuation piece.

7. A fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement method is realized based on the fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement system of any claim 1-6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) shooting a fragile armor-piercing projectile by adopting a ballistic gun;

(2) the speed measuring module obtains the speed of the fragile armor-piercing projectile, calculates the time from the fragile armor-piercing projectile to the armor plate and sends a voltage signal;

(3) the time sequence control module receives a voltage signal of the speed measurement system and sends out a pulse laser light-emitting voltage signal and a CCD camera exposure starting voltage signal according to a preset time sequence;

(4) the fragile armor-piercing projectile impacts an armor steel plate to form a fragment, the pulse laser module emits light, and the CCD camera group records a fragment hologram;

(5) reconstructing the fragment hologram by using digital holographic reconstruction software to obtain the size, shape and three-dimensional position of fragments of the fragile armor-piercing projectile at different moments when the fragile armor-piercing projectile impacts the armor plate;

(6) and calculating the three-dimensional displacement of the fragment, and obtaining the three-dimensional speed and acceleration of the fragment according to the light emitting time interval of the laser.

8. The fragile type armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multiparameter measuring method according to claim 7, wherein the step (4) comprises the following steps:

the time sequence control module firstly controls a first laser to emit light within the exposure time period of a first CCD camera;

and then controlling the second laser and the third laser to sequentially emit light within the exposure time period of the second CCD camera.

9. The fragile type armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multiparameter measuring method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (6), displacement calculation in x and y directions is obtained according to the cross-correlation characteristics of the reconstructed fragment shapes at different moments, and displacement calculation in z direction is obtained according to the cross-correlation characteristics of the reconstructed fragment focusing curves at different moments;

the fragmentation speed is obtained according to the two fragmentation holograms recorded by the second CCD camera at different moments, the fragmentation speeds at different moments are obtained according to the fragmentation holograms recorded by the first CCD camera and the second CCD camera at different moments, and the acceleration of fragmentation is further calculated.

10. The method for multi-parameter measurement of the fragments in the dynamic target experiment of the fragile armor-piercing projectile according to claim 8, wherein in the step (6), the translation and the rotation speed of the fragments are obtained simultaneously according to the shape characteristics of the fragments, and the rotation speed of the fragments is obtained according to the rotation matching of the fragments in the recorded images of the first CCD camera and the second CCD camera.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fragile armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment parameter measurement, in particular to a fragile armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement system and method.

Background

With the rapid development of armor defense technology, anti-armor weapons have come into play. The fragile armor piercing bomb is a novel ammunition with the characteristics of armor piercing bombs and grenades, the core material of the bomb can penetrate through a protective armor of a tank like a conventional armor piercing bomb, and after the core penetrates through the armor and enters a target, the core is decomposed into a large number of high-speed fragments under the action of shock waves to cause effective secondary surface striking on the target behind the armor, so that the aims of striking the target with physical strength, re-creating airborne equipment, breaking down and detonating the target are fulfilled. The fragile armor-piercing projectile has strong penetration capability and high-power fragment group secondary striking capability, has good striking effect on an armor protection target, has high research value and application prospect, and has positive significance on the improvement and development of weapons and ammunition in China.

In order to research the influence rule of the performance of the fragile armor-piercing projectile body on penetration capability and crushing characteristics and obtain characteristic parameters for representing the fragile armor-piercing elastic performance, a dynamic target experiment of the fragile armor-piercing projectile needs to be carried out. In the prior art, the performance of the fragile armor-piercing projectile is characterized mainly by analyzing the damage condition of the aftereffect target, including the size, the position distribution and the pit depth of holes on the aftereffect target. Meanwhile, the crushing condition of the projectile body penetrating through the armor steel plate is obtained by means of numerical simulation. Although numerical simulation can obtain the size and distribution of fragments formed by penetrating the fragile armor-piercing projectile through the armor plate, experimental verification is required. The flight speed of the general fragile armor-piercing projectile is up to 1200m/s, and the speed of the formed fragments is similar to that of the projectile body. In order to record the image broken by high-speed movement, the exposure time of the image is ensured to be short enough to reduce the image blurring distortion caused by high-speed movement.

In order to obtain the speed and acceleration of the fragment, it is necessary to continuously record a plurality of frames of fragment images, and in order to obtain the shape of the fragment, it is necessary to increase the resolution of the recording camera. The existing high frame rate and high resolution camera is expensive and is forbidden to be transported and blocked technically in China. Related data are not found at home and abroad about multi-parameter measurement of the fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragments.

Therefore, how to realize multi-parameter measurement of the fragile armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragments has great significance in developing the high-speed moving target multi-parameter measurement technology of the independent intellectual property rights in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a system and a method for measuring multiple parameters of a fragment in a dynamic target experiment of a fragile armor-piercing projectile, which can realize the recording of a multi-frame image of the fragile armor-piercing projectile which passes through an armor steel plate to form a high-speed movement fragment, obtain the size, the shape, the three-dimensional speed and the acceleration parameter of the fragment, and can accurately represent the performance of the fragile armor-piercing projectile.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement system, comprising:

a ballistic gun for firing frangible armor-piercing projectiles;

the armor plate is used for carrying out the test, and the fragile armor-piercing projectile impacts the armor plate to form fragments;

the speed measuring module is used for measuring the speed of the fragile armor-piercing projectile;

a pulsed laser module that emits laser light toward the fragment;

the CCD camera set is used for recording the holograms of the fragments at different moments;

the time sequence control module is used for receiving the voltage signal of the speed measuring module and sending out a pulse laser light-emitting voltage signal and a CCD camera exposure starting voltage signal according to a preset time sequence;

and the calculation module is used for acquiring the fragment hologram recorded by the CCD camera and reconstructing software by using the hologram to obtain the size, the shape, the three-dimensional speed and the acceleration parameter of the fragment.

According to the technical scheme, the fragile armor piercing bomb can penetrate through the armor steel plate to form multi-frame image continuous recording of the high-speed movement fragments, the size, the shape, the three-dimensional speed and the acceleration parameters of the fragments are obtained through fragment feature matching and a cross-correlation displacement algorithm, and the performance of the fragile armor piercing bomb can be represented more accurately.

In order to obtain a multi-frame image of a high-speed moving fragment, preferably, the pulse laser module comprises three lasers, a beam combining prism group is arranged between the three lasers, and lasers emitted by the three lasers are combined through the beam combining prism and have the same optical axis. And beam expanding collimators for expanding and collimating the laser beams after beam combination are arranged on the beam combining light paths of the three lasers. The beam diameter is the same after passing through the beam expanding collimator, and the energy distribution is uniform.

Meanwhile, the CCD camera group comprises two CCD cameras, a light splitting cube is arranged between the two CCD cameras, and the optical distances of the signal light beams reaching the two CCD cameras through the light splitting cube are equal. In order to record the holograms broken at three different moments by using the two CCD cameras, the time sequence control module controls the first laser to emit light within the exposure time period of the first CCD camera, and controls the second laser and the third laser to emit light within the exposure time period of the second CCD camera. The time interval of the light emitted by the laser is adjustable according to the speed of the fragile armor-piercing projectile.

The translation speed of a general fragile armor-piercing projectile penetrating through an armor steel plate to form a fragment is greater than the rotation speed, in order to observe the translation of the fragment and obtain the rotation parameters of the fragment, the fragment in two frames of images is required to have an obvious rotation angle, and the light emitting time interval of a first laser and a second laser is preferably twice that of the light emitting time interval of the second laser and a third laser.

Preferably, two lenses for expanding the measurement field of view and an optical filter module arranged between the two lenses are arranged on a light path of the laser emitted by the pulse laser module after the laser passes through the fragment; in order to improve the signal to noise ratio and reduce the influence of plasma self-luminescence generated by high-speed collision on the quality of a recorded hologram, the filter module comprises a 532nm filter and a neutral attenuation sheet. The signal light and the spontaneous light are converged after passing through the first lens, light spots are reduced, the optical filter module is positioned between the two lenses, the sizes of the optical filter and the attenuation sheet can be smaller than a measurement view field, and the system layout is compact.

The fragment speed formed by the impact of the fragile armor-piercing projectile on an armor steel plate reaches kilometers per second, the exposure time of the conventional CCD camera is microsecond, and the fragment movement distance in the exposure time reaches several millimeters, so that the CCD camera basically records the smear of the fragment. In order to reduce image blurring distortion caused by high-speed motion, a nanosecond pulse laser is used as a light source, the exposure starting time and the laser light emitting time of a CCD camera are controlled, laser light is emitted within the exposure time of the CCD camera, the time for the CCD camera to receive signal light is equal to the pulse width of the laser, and actually the effective exposure time of the CCD camera is equal to the pulse width of the laser. Preferably, the nanosecond pulsed laser has a pulse width of less than 50 ns.

The invention provides a fragile armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement method which is realized based on the fragile armor piercing projectile dynamic target experiment fragment multi-parameter measurement system and comprises the following steps:

(1) shooting a fragile armor-piercing projectile by adopting a ballistic gun;

(2) the speed measuring module obtains the speed of the fragile armor-piercing projectile, calculates the time from the fragile armor-piercing projectile to the armor plate and sends a voltage signal;

(3) the time sequence control module receives a voltage signal of the speed measurement system and sends out a pulse laser light-emitting voltage signal and a CCD camera exposure starting voltage signal according to a preset time sequence;

(4) the fragile armor-piercing projectile impacts an armor steel plate to form a fragment, the pulse laser module emits light, and the CCD camera group records a fragment hologram;

(5) reconstructing the fragment hologram by using digital holographic reconstruction software to obtain the size, shape and three-dimensional position of fragments of the fragile armor-piercing projectile at different moments when the fragile armor-piercing projectile impacts the armor plate;

(6) and calculating the three-dimensional displacement of the fragment, and obtaining the three-dimensional speed and acceleration of the fragment according to the light emitting time interval of the laser.

In order to obtain the broken acceleration parameters, 3 frames of holograms broken at different time instants are needed, and preferably, the step (4) comprises:

the time sequence control module firstly controls a first laser to emit light within the exposure time period of a first CCD camera;

and then controlling the second laser and the third laser to sequentially emit light within the exposure time period of the second CCD camera. Equivalent to one frame of image, broken holograms at two different moments are recorded.

And reconstructing the holograms of the fragments at different moments to obtain the size and shape parameters of the fragments, and matching the fragments in the two frames of images by using the shape characteristics of the fragments due to different shapes of the fragments formed by collision. In order to obtain the fragment speed, firstly, the displacement of the fragment is obtained, preferably, in the step (6), the displacement calculation in the x and y directions is obtained according to the cross-correlation characteristics of the reconstructed fragment shape at different moments, and the specific process is as follows: firstly, obtaining the shape of a fragment in a first frame image from a reconstructed image; then, cross-correlation coefficients of the matching fragments in the second frame image are calculated through a transverse scanning method and a longitudinal scanning method; and finally, solving the maximum value of the cross-correlation coefficient, wherein the abscissa corresponding to the maximum value is the displacement in the x direction, and the ordinate is the displacement in the y direction.

In order to improve the accuracy of the displacement of the fragment in the z-axis direction, the displacement calculation in the z-direction is obtained according to the cross-correlation characteristics of the reconstructed fragment focusing curve at different moments, and the specific process is as follows: storing the focusing curve of the fragment during reconstruction; and (3) calculating the cross-correlation coefficient of the matched fragment focusing curve, and solving the maximum value of the cross-correlation coefficient, wherein the coordinate corresponding to the maximum value is the displacement in the z-axis direction.

In order to improve the accuracy of fragment speed measurement, the fragment speed is obtained according to two fragment holograms recorded by a second CCD camera at different moments, the second CCD camera records the two fragment holograms at different moments by adopting a single-frame double exposure method, and the displacement of the fragment in an image is only caused by the movement of the fragment. Compared with the method that the displacement is calculated by utilizing the first frame image or the second frame image in the first CCD camera and the second CCD camera, the method does not introduce errors caused by different camera spatial positions.

In order to improve the accuracy of fragment acceleration measurement, the fragment speeds at different moments are obtained according to the fragment holograms recorded by the first CCD camera and the second CCD camera at different moments, and the fragment acceleration is further calculated, so that errors caused by different spatial positions of the cameras are reduced.

Because the translational speed of the fragile armor-piercing projectile penetrating through the armor steel plate to form the fragment is greater than the rotation speed, in order to improve the measurement precision of the fragment rotation speed, the optimal fragment rotation speed is obtained according to the fragment rotation matching in the second moment recording images of the first CCD camera and the second CCD camera. The specific process is as follows: firstly, matching the fragments in two frames of images, and fusing the fragments in the two frames of images on one image; then, the fragments in the first frame of image are rotated in the forward direction and the reverse direction, and the cross correlation coefficient of the two frames of images is solved; solving the maximum value of the cross correlation coefficient, wherein the angle corresponding to the maximum value is the fragment rotation angle; finally, the angular velocity of rotation is calculated from the time interval.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the system and the method for measuring the fragment multiparameter of the fragile armor-piercing projectile dynamic target experiment can realize the continuous recording of multiframe images of the fragile armor-piercing projectile penetrating through an armor steel plate to form a high-speed moving fragment, obtain the size, the shape, the three-dimensional speed and the acceleration parameter of the fragment through fragment characteristic matching and a cross-correlation displacement algorithm, and can more accurately represent the performance of the fragile armor-piercing projectile.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a measurement system in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of a measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the shape of the fragments obtained by the measurement method in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the focusing curve of the fragments obtained by the measurement method in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.