阅读说明：本技术 一种种禽用功能性发酵纤维饲料及其制备方法 (Functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry and preparation method thereof ) 是由 罗伟 王小龙 于 2019-12-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种种禽用功能性发酵纤维饲料的制备方法,首先通过将植物提取物渣进行预处理和预发酵,延长植物提取物渣的保质期,其次,无需先行粉碎,直接将预处理和预发酵后的湿渣进行配料,然后经混合发酵、酶解、干燥后再进行粉碎得到功能性发酵纤维饲料成品,针对种禽保肝护肝、解毒、免疫等不同功效的一些有效功能性成分组合,并通过两次发酵和酶解工程技术提高其利用度,大大提高产品功能价值。(The invention discloses a preparation method of functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry, which comprises the steps of pretreating and pre-fermenting plant extract residues to prolong the shelf life of the plant extract residues, directly mixing the pretreated and pre-fermented wet residues without crushing, mixing, fermenting, performing enzymolysis, drying and crushing to obtain the functional fermented fiber feed finished product, combining effective functional components with different effects of protecting liver, detoxifying, immunizing and the like for the breeding poultry, improving the utilization degree of the functional fermented fiber feed by two-time fermentation and enzymolysis engineering technology, and greatly improving the functional value of the product.)

1. A preparation method of a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: sterilizing the 2-3 plant extract residues at high temperature and drying to obtain mixed residue of non-infectious plant extract with water content of 35-45 wt%;

(2) pre-fermentation: inoculating the mixed residue of the non-mixed bacteria plant extract obtained in the step (1) into molasses water solution containing liquid compound strain I according to the inoculation amount of 3-10 wt%, and performing anaerobic solid fermentation to obtain fermented plant extract residue, wherein the compound strain I is lactobacillus, trichoderma, geotrichum candidum and chaetomium globosum;

(3) preparing materials: uniformly stirring and mixing the fermented plant extract residues obtained in the step (2) with corn flour, soybean meal, bran, brown sugar and growth factors to obtain a mixed material;

(4) mixing and fermenting: inoculating the mixed material obtained in the step (3) with a liquid composite strain II according to an inoculation amount of 0.5-5 wt%, and performing anaerobic solid fermentation to obtain a fermented mixed material, wherein the composite strain II is lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus and clostridium butyricum;

(5) enzymolysis: spraying the liquid complex enzyme preparation according to the addition amount of 0.5-3 wt% and adding the liquid complex enzyme preparation into the fermentation mixed material obtained in the step (3), and performing enzymolysis to obtain a semi-finished product;

(6) drying and crushing: and drying and crushing the semi-finished product to obtain a finished product of the functional fermented fiber feed.

2. The method for preparing a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the plant extract residues are selected from 2-3 of rosemary leaf residues, eucommia bark leaf residues, magnolia bark leaf residues, Chinese gall residues and litsea cubeba residues; the hot air inlet temperature in the sterilization process is 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 90 ℃, and the time is 120-240 seconds.

3. The method for preparing a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the ratio of the strains of the lactic acid bacteria, the trichoderma, the geotrichum candidum and the chaetomium globosum is 10:3:6: 5; the composite strain I accounts for 10% of the weight ratio of the molasses aqueous solution, and the weight ratio of the molasses to the water is 1: 4.

4. the method for preparing a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the pre-fermentation conditions are as follows: normal temperature and pressure, and fermentation period of 3-90 days.

5. The method for preparing a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), according to the weight ratio, the mixed residue of the fermented plant extracts is 70-80%, the corn flour is 3-10%, the soybean meal is 5-15%, the bran is 0-15%, the brown sugar is 0.2-1.5%, and the growth factors are 0.1-0.3%, wherein the growth factors are selected from 3-4 of biotin, pyridoxal, ammonium sulfate, urea, yeast extract and beef extract.

6. The method for preparing a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast, the spore bacteria and the clostridium butyricum is 10:8:9: 4.

7. the method for preparing a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the mixed fermentation conditions are as follows: the fermentation period is 3-8 days at 30-37 deg.C and normal pressure.

8. The method for preparing a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the complex enzyme preparation is neutral cellulase, acidic cellulase, pectinase and xylanase, and the proportion is 2:4:1: 3.

9. the method for preparing a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (6), a closed-loop circulation heat pump dryer is adopted in the drying process, and the process parameters are as follows: normal pressure, heating temperature of 160 ℃ and 180 ℃, material temperature of 60-80 ℃, and drying time of 4-8 hours; the crushed particle size of 90 percent passes through a 40-mesh sieve.

10. The functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of biological feed fermentation, and relates to a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry, which is prepared from plant extract wet residues, and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The plant extract residue is a large amount of residue left after extracting plant essential oil, plant antioxidant and other functional extracts in the plant extraction industry. Modern nutrition research shows that dietary fiber as the seventh nutrient plays an irreplaceable regulating role in animal health, and proper amount of dietary fiber can improve the intestinal health and body health of animals.

Functional components such as plant polyphenol, saponin, polysaccharide, etc. in the plant extract residue are not sufficiently extracted due to the dense structure of the fiber. In addition, some water-insoluble alcohol-soluble ingredients are difficult to extract by the conventional water extraction and alcohol extraction methods, and the extracts have very good effects of resisting oxidation, improving immunity, improving meat quality and the like when being applied to feeds. At present, a large amount of plant extract residues are mainly treated as biological fertilizers or biomass fuels, and a small amount of plant extract residues are developed as feeds, so that huge resource waste is caused, and environmental pollution is also caused.

The methods for improving the utilization of unconventional feed by microbial fermentation disclosed at present are more numerous, but the methods for improving and increasing the nutritional value and the functional value of plant extract residues are not common. Mainly because the moisture content of wet residues of the plant extract is high (50-80 percent), the plant extract is easy to mildew and is not easy to store; the wet residue of the high-fiber plant extract in a high-moisture state can not be crushed, which is the main reason for restricting the utilization and development of the high-fiber plant extract in a large amount, because if the wet residue is dried and then crushed for fermentation, the production energy consumption cost is greatly improved, and the product development value is not high.

Chinese patent No. 201210321796.1 discloses a method for recycling rhizome type traditional Chinese medicine residues, and Chinese patent No. 201310311826.5 discloses a preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine residue fermented feed, wherein the two methods are that dried residues are smashed or crushed without directly processing wet residues. Chinese patent No. 201711028993.3 discloses a method for preparing ruminant total mixed ration by residue fermentation, which comprises classifying traditional Chinese medicine wet residue according to protein, directly mixing with supplement material uniformly, and fermenting, wherein the problem of direct use and storage of wet residue is solved, but the wet residue is not crushed, and is not suitable for feeding poultry.

The liver lipid metabolism burden of high-yield breeding birds is heavy, and metabolic oxidative damage is easy to occur, so that various liver metabolic syndromes are caused. Fatty liver is a common nutritional metabolic disease of breeding poultry, and the main reason is that fat is excessively deposited in liver cells, so that the normal function of the liver is influenced, the production performance and reproductive performance of the breeding poultry are reduced, the quality and hatching rate of hatching eggs are influenced, the vitality and health of offspring are influenced, and even the death of the breeding poultry is seriously caused.

At present, the plant extract residue is changed into valuable things at a relatively economic cost to develop a functional fermented feed for improving the health and immunity of breeding poultry and improving the production performance and reproductive performance of the breeding poultry, which has important significance for reasonably utilizing resources and ensuring healthy breeding.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of storage and high-cost drying treatment of the plant extract wet residues, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: sterilizing the 2-3 plant extract residues at high temperature and drying to obtain mixed residue of non-infectious plant extract with water content of 35-45 wt%;

(2) pre-fermentation: inoculating the mixed residue of the non-mixed bacteria plant extract obtained in the step (1) into molasses water solution containing liquid compound strain I according to the inoculation amount of 3-10 wt%, and performing anaerobic solid fermentation to obtain fermented plant extract residue, wherein the compound strain I is lactobacillus, trichoderma, geotrichum candidum and chaetomium globosum;

(3) preparing materials: uniformly stirring and mixing the fermented plant extract residues obtained in the step (2) with corn flour, soybean meal, bran, brown sugar and growth factors to obtain a mixed material;

(4) mixing and fermenting: inoculating the mixed material obtained in the step (3) with a liquid composite strain II according to an inoculation amount of 0.5-5 wt%, and performing anaerobic solid fermentation to obtain a fermented mixed material, wherein the composite strain II is lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus and clostridium butyricum;

(5) enzymolysis: spraying the liquid complex enzyme preparation according to the addition amount of 0.5-3 wt% and adding the liquid complex enzyme preparation into the fermentation mixed material obtained in the step (3), and performing enzymolysis to obtain a semi-finished product;

(6) drying and crushing: and drying and crushing the semi-finished product to obtain a finished product of the functional fermented fiber feed.

Preferably, in the step (1), the plant extract residues are 2-3 of rosemary leaf residues, eucommia ulmoides leaf residues, magnolia officinalis leaf residues, Chinese gall residues and litsea cubeba residues.

Preferably, in the step (1), the hot air inlet temperature in the sterilization process is 200 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 90 ℃, and the time is 120-.

Preferably, in the step (2), the ratio of the strains of the lactic acid bacteria, the trichoderma, the geotrichum candidum and the chaetomium globosum is 10:3:6: 5; the composite strain I accounts for 10% of the weight ratio of the molasses aqueous solution, and the weight ratio of the molasses to the water is 1: 4.

preferably, in the step (2), the pre-fermentation conditions are as follows: normal temperature and pressure, and fermentation period of 3-90 days.

Preferably, in the step (3), the fermented plant extract mixed residue is 70-80 wt%, the corn flour is 3-10 wt%, the soybean meal is 5-15 wt%, the bran is 0-15 wt%, the brown sugar is 0.2-1.5 wt%, and the growth factor is 0.1-0.3 wt%, wherein the growth factor is selected from 3-4 of biotin, pyridoxal, ammonium sulfate, urea, yeast extract and beef extract.

Preferably, in the step (4), the ratio of the strains of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeasts, the spores and the clostridium butyricum is 10:8:9: 4.

preferably, in the step (4), the mixed fermentation conditions are as follows: the fermentation period is 3-8 days at 30-37 deg.C and normal pressure.

Preferably, in the step (5), the complex enzyme preparation is neutral cellulase, acidic cellulase, pectinase and xylanase, and the ratio of the neutral cellulase to the acidic cellulase is 2:4:1: 3.

preferably, in the step (6), a closed-loop circulation heat pump dryer is adopted in the drying process, and the process parameters are as follows: normal pressure, heating temperature of 160 ℃ and 180 ℃, material temperature of 60-80 ℃, and drying time of 4-8 hours; the crushed particle size of 90 percent passes through a 40-mesh sieve. The drying equipment of the closed-loop circulating heat pump dryer adopted in the invention has lower energy consumption, and can reduce the energy consumption by 30 percent compared with the common drying equipment.

According to the functional fermented fiber feed for breeding poultry, the main plant extract residue raw materials are all natural plants, the product is safe and pollution-free, mycotoxin pollution is very little, no pesticide residue exists, but the problems of high moisture of wet residue, easiness in mildewing, difficulty in storage and incapability of crushing exist; secondly, the invention does not need to be smashed in advance, and the wet residue after pretreatment and pre-fermentation can be directly mixed, and then the mixture is mixed, fermented, enzymolyzed, dried and smashed to obtain the functional fermented fiber feed finished product.

The method converts the plant extraction waste residues into the functional fermented fiber feed, destroys the firm cell wall structure of the plant, improves the fiber degradation degree of the plant extraction residues with high fiber content, converts the crude fiber with poor palatability into high-quality inert fiber, partial fermentable fiber and oligosaccharide, and improves the utilization rate of effective nutrient components and functional components in about 50 percent of the original raw materials through the fermentation engineering technology and the enzyme engineering technology, thereby improving the utilization rate of resources, reducing the damage of the plant extraction residues and the medicine residues to the environment, and providing the safe and low-cost functional feed for breeding poultry to improve the reproductive function.

The functional fermented fiber feed provided by the invention contains 8-10% of crude protein and 12-16% of dietary fiber, is rich in abundant metabolites such as mycoprotein, vitamins, organic acid (containing butyric acid), inactivated lactobacillus cells and other beneficial components, has good palatability, and has various effects of regulating the intestinal health of breeding poultry, improving the immunity and oxidation resistance of the breeding poultry, improving the production performance and reproductive performance of the breeding poultry and the like. Especially for breeding fowls with long breeding period, the feed has good effect of improving reproductive function, and can improve production result by 5-10%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

firstly, the plant extract residues are pretreated and pre-fermented, so that the quality guarantee period of the plant extract residues is prolonged, and the problem that wet residues are easy to mildew is solved;

secondly, the invention does not need to be smashed in advance, and the moisture of the plant extract residues is controlled at the level suitable for fermentation, so that the wet residues after pretreatment and pre-fermentation can be directly mixed, and then the mixture is fermented, enzymolyzed and dried and then smashed to obtain the functional fermented fiber feed finished product;

thirdly, the plant extract residues adopted in the invention all contain effective components beneficial to the health, immunity and growth of breeding poultry, for example, the rosemary leaf extract residues are rich in pentacyclic triterpenoid substances of about 1.5-2%, and the substances are used in feed, even human medicines and health care products, so that the feed has good effects of protecting liver, resisting oxidation, resisting bacteria and inflammation and the like, and further has the effects of resisting liver toxicity by iridoid in eucommia leaves, protecting liver by lignanoid in gallnut and the like. By combining some effective functional components with different efficacies of protecting the liver, detoxifying, immunizing and the like of breeding poultry, the utilization degree of the effective functional components is improved by two times of fermentation and enzymolysis engineering technologies, and the functional value of the product is greatly improved;

fourthly, the drying equipment of the closed-loop circulating heat pump dryer adopted in the invention has lower energy consumption, and can reduce the energy consumption by 30 percent compared with the common drying equipment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of functional fermented fiber feed on liver lipid metabolism in breeding hens (liver HE staining).

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of functional fermented fiber feed on hepatomegaly and fat content of breeding hens, wherein a is liver weight and b is liver triglyceride content.

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the content differences of fermentation components in different production processes of functional fermented fiber feed.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the content of functional ingredients in different processes of producing functional fermented fiber feed.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are intended to make the technical features, scheme flows and innovation points of the present invention more clear. It is to be understood that the present embodiments are illustrative only, and that various modifications and changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application.