阅读说明：本技术 一种优化的电动车动力源及电动车动力源工作方法 (Optimized electric vehicle power source and electric vehicle power source working method ) 是由 张荣福 葛朗宁 于 2019-11-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种优化的电动车动力源及电动车动力源工作方法,包括冗余供电系统、发条动力储能系统；所述冗余供电系统,包括中央管理系统、电池管理系统、电池模块；所述中央管理系统统一控制分配所有电池模块；所述电池管理系统独立控制每组电池,实时监控和保护每一只电池；所述电池模块的功率独立满足电机的额定电流。本发明实现了打破电池的快充性能、充电桩、以及大电流对电池组的各种限制,接近燃油车加油所需的时间,令到电动车达到像燃油车一样,踏上长途行驶而不必单纯的追求充满电的续航里程,冗余供电系统完善了电池组的管理,降低成本,对安全性也会有提升。(The invention discloses an optimized electric vehicle power source and an electric vehicle power source working method, comprising a redundant power supply system and a spring power energy storage system; the redundant power supply system comprises a central management system, a battery management system and a battery module; the central management system uniformly controls and distributes all the battery modules; the battery management system independently controls each group of batteries, and monitors and protects each battery in real time; the power of the battery module independently meets the rated current of the motor. The invention realizes breaking of various limits of the quick charging performance of the battery, the charging pile and the large current on the battery pack, approaches the time required by the fuel vehicle for refueling, ensures that the electric vehicle achieves the same state as the fuel vehicle, steps on long-distance driving without simply pursuing the endurance mileage of full charge, improves the management of the battery pack by the redundant power supply system, reduces the cost and improves the safety.)

1. An optimized power source of an electric vehicle comprises a redundant power supply system and a spring power energy storage system;

the redundant power supply system comprises a central management system, a battery management system and a battery module;

the clockwork power energy storage system is characterized in that a clockwork spring device is tightened by a common motor or a hand-operated device, kinetic energy of the clockwork spring is released in a pendulum mode, a direct-current generator is driven, and mechanical kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to charge a battery module;

the redundant power supply system further comprises a charging circuit, wherein the charging circuit comprises a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a potentiometer RV1, a potentiometer RV2, a rectifier bridge BR1, a diode D1, a diode D2, a light emitting diode D3, a light emitting diode D4, a diode D5, a diode D6, a voltage stabilizing integrated circuit U1 and an operational amplifier U2: A. operational amplifier U2: B. a transistor Q1 and a battery BAT1, wherein one end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the resistor R1 are both connected to an input voltage, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R1 and the 2 nd pin of the rectifier bridge BR1, the 3 rd pin of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected to the input voltage, the 1 st pin of the rectifier bridge BR1 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C2, the 2 nd pin of the regulator ic U1, one end of the resistor R3, the negative electrode of the diode D2, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode D4, one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R8, the 2 nd pin of the potentiometer RV2 and the negative electrode of the battery BAT1, the 4 th pin BR1 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C2, the 3 rd pin of the regulator ic 1 and the positive electrode of the diode D1, the 4 th pin of the regulator ic 1 is connected to the potential pin 863 of the regulator ic 1, a 1 st pin of the potentiometer RV1 is connected to one end of the resistor R2, a 2 nd pin of the potentiometer RV1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R3, cathodes of the diode D1 are connected to the other end of the resistor R2, one end of the resistor R4, one end of the resistor R5, one end of the resistor R7, an anode of the diode D5, and one end of the resistor R11, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to an anode of the diode D2, the operational amplifier U2: a inverting input terminal of a, the operational amplifier U2: the non-inverting input end of A is connected with the 3 rd pin of the potentiometer RV2, the 1 st pin of the potentiometer RV2 is connected with one end of the resistor R13, and the operational amplifier U2: the output end of A is respectively connected with the cathode of the light emitting diode D3, one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R9 and the operational amplifier U2: b, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the anode of the led D3, the anode of the led D4 is connected to the other end of the resistor R6, and the operational amplifier U2: b is connected to the other end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R8, and one end of the resistor R10, respectively, and the operational amplifier U2: the output end of B is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R10 and one end of the resistor R12, the negative electrode of the diode D5 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D6, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q1, the base of the triode Q1 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R12 and the negative electrode of the diode D6, and the collector of the triode Q1 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R13 and the positive electrode of the battery BAT 1.

2. The optimized power source of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the redundant power supply system comprises a central management system, all battery modules are uniformly controlled and distributed, the independent and uninterrupted switching operation of each battery module is intelligently managed, all battery modules are controlled to discharge simultaneously, abnormal battery modules are isolated and replaced by other battery modules, the normal operation of the system is ensured, and the states of the battery modules, including real-time voltage, current, temperature and capacity states, undervoltage, overvoltage, overcurrent and temperature alarm information, are recorded and reported.

3. The optimized electric vehicle power source of claim 1, wherein the redundant power supply system comprises a battery management system formed by serially connecting battery modules, eliminates parallel connection, independently protects each battery, does not cause problems of overcharge, overdischarge and the like, performs double protection on hardware and software of overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent and temperature, and monitors and feeds back battery states including voltage, current, temperature and capacity.

4. The optimized power source of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the redundant power supply system comprises a battery module, a flexible package battery is adopted, the battery module is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series, any group of batteries can work independently and have a redundancy characteristic, the battery module supports hot plugging, only the failed battery module needs to be replaced, and offline is avoided.

5. A working method of a power source of an electric vehicle comprises the following specific steps:

step 1, a vehicle starts to run under the condition that a battery pack is fully charged, one battery pack drives a vehicle motor to start running, when a first battery module reaches a voltage lower limit, the other battery module is automatically switched to be used as the vehicle for running, a spring device releases kinetic energy at the same time, a generator is started to start charging the discharged module, and charging current is automatically set according to the actual use condition;

step 2, when the mechanical kinetic energy of the clockwork spring is completely released, the central management system prompts the vehicle to wind the clockwork spring on the mechanical kinetic energy system;

step 3, providing a 220V or 380V power supply, starting a common alternating current motor configured for the vehicle, quickly winding up a spring through mechanical speed change, and then repeating the step 1 and the step 2 to charge the vehicle;

and 4, when the vehicle is parked for a long time, as long as a 220V or 380V power supply is provided, the charging system can automatically fully charge all the batteries and finally wind up the spring of the mechanical kinetic energy system.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the overall battery module is managed by the redundancy scheme to improve management of the battery module, and the power of the overall battery module is adjusted to the minimum usage according to the specific driving condition of the vehicle.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein the winding mechanism is manually wound in the extreme environmental conditions.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the charging of the entire battery module of the electric vehicle is not limited by the fast charging capability of the battery, the charging post, and the high current.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a working method of an electric vehicle power source, in particular to an optimized electric vehicle power source.

Background

Whether the human living environment is purified or the natural resources of the earth are used well, the attention is needed urgently. The electric vehicle is also an inevitable trend in the scientific and technological development to replace a fuel vehicle. And also represents a future development direction for the automotive industry. After more than twenty years of development, the electric vehicle gradually enters the market application stage, and although the power source of the electric vehicle is mainly a lithium ion battery taking a lithium iron phosphate system and a ternary lithium system as main components, the electric vehicle also presents diversified development of other power sources with hundreds of flowers, full range and various characteristics.

However, compared to the fuel-oil vehicle which has been used for more than one hundred years, the electric vehicle has the overall performance and the user is aware of the inertia of the fuel-oil vehicle, and the electric vehicle still has the position to be improved and optimized compared to the fuel-oil vehicle.

Since the advent of electric vehicles, accidents involving only spontaneous combustion often occurred. The reasons for the poor safety are manifold, including; the quality of the cell itself, the design and quality of the battery management system, and the design and quality of the battery assembly. More important is the management of thermal management and thermal equalization of the assembled battery pack. Since the charging time is much longer than that of a fuel vehicle, at least 1 hour is required even if the target board is fast charging, and therefore, the electric vehicle intentionally pursues the driving range of a single charge in order to reduce the number of times of charging, but any vehicle cannot infinitely increase the capacity of the battery pack. Directly restricts the running distance of the electric vehicle.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: an optimized power source for an electric vehicle is provided to solve the above problems.

The technical scheme is as follows: an optimized power source of an electric vehicle comprises a redundant power supply system and a spring power energy storage system;

the redundant power supply system comprises a central management system, a battery management system and a battery module;

the clockwork power energy storage system is characterized in that a clockwork spring device is tightened by a common motor or a hand-operated device, kinetic energy of the clockwork spring is released in a pendulum mode, a direct-current generator is driven, and mechanical kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to charge a battery module;

the redundant power supply system further comprises a charging circuit, wherein the charging circuit comprises a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a potentiometer RV1, a potentiometer RV2, a rectifier bridge BR1, a diode D1, a diode D2, a light emitting diode D3, a light emitting diode D4, a diode D5, a diode D6, a voltage stabilizing integrated circuit U1 and an operational amplifier U2: A. operational amplifier U2: B. a transistor Q1 and a battery BAT1, wherein one end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the resistor R1 are both connected to an input voltage, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R1 and the 2 nd pin of the rectifier bridge BR1, the 3 rd pin of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected to the input voltage, the 1 st pin of the rectifier bridge BR1 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C2, the 2 nd pin of the regulator ic U1, one end of the resistor R3, the negative electrode of the diode D2, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode D4, one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R8, the 2 nd pin of the potentiometer RV2 and the negative electrode of the battery BAT1, the 4 th pin BR1 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C2, the 3 rd pin of the regulator ic 1 and the positive electrode of the diode D1, the 4 th pin of the regulator ic 1 is connected to the potential pin 863 of the regulator ic 1, a 1 st pin of the potentiometer RV1 is connected to one end of the resistor R2, a 2 nd pin of the potentiometer RV1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R3, cathodes of the diode D1 are connected to the other end of the resistor R2, one end of the resistor R4, one end of the resistor R5, one end of the resistor R7, an anode of the diode D5, and one end of the resistor R11, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to an anode of the diode D2, the operational amplifier U2: a inverting input terminal of a, the operational amplifier U2: the non-inverting input end of A is connected with the 3 rd pin of the potentiometer RV2, the 1 st pin of the potentiometer RV2 is connected with one end of the resistor R13, and the operational amplifier U2: the output end of A is respectively connected with the cathode of the light emitting diode D3, one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R9 and the operational amplifier U2: b, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the anode of the led D3, the anode of the led D4 is connected to the other end of the resistor R6, and the operational amplifier U2: b is connected to the other end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R8, and one end of the resistor R10, respectively, and the operational amplifier U2: the output end of B is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R10 and one end of the resistor R12, the negative electrode of the diode D5 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D6, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q1, the base of the triode Q1 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R12 and the negative electrode of the diode D6, and the collector of the triode Q1 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R13 and the positive electrode of the battery BAT 1.

According to one aspect of the invention, the redundant power supply system comprises a central management system, all battery modules are uniformly controlled and distributed, independent and uninterrupted switching operation of each battery module is intelligently managed, all battery modules are controlled to discharge simultaneously, abnormal battery modules are isolated and replaced by other battery modules, normal operation of the system is guaranteed, and states of the battery modules, including real-time voltage, current, temperature, capacity states, undervoltage, overvoltage, overcurrent and temperature alarm information, are recorded and reported.

According to one aspect of the invention, the redundant power supply system comprises a battery management system which is formed by serially connecting battery modules, eliminates parallel connection, independently protects each battery, does not cause problems of overcharge, overdischarge and the like, doubly protects hardware and software of overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent and temperature, and monitors and feeds back battery states including voltage, current, temperature and capacity.

According to one aspect of the invention, the redundant power supply system comprises a battery module, a flexible package battery is adopted, the battery module is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series, any group of batteries can work independently and has a redundancy characteristic, the battery module supports hot plugging, only the failed battery module needs to be replaced, and offline is avoided.

A working method of a power source of an electric vehicle comprises the following specific steps:

step 1, a vehicle starts to run under the condition that a battery pack is fully charged, one battery pack drives a vehicle motor to start running, when a first battery module reaches a voltage lower limit, the other battery module is automatically switched to be used as the vehicle for running, a spring device releases kinetic energy at the same time, a generator is started to start charging the discharged module, and charging current is automatically set according to the actual use condition;

step 2, when the mechanical kinetic energy of the clockwork spring is completely released, the central management system prompts the vehicle to wind the clockwork spring on the mechanical kinetic energy system;

step 3, providing a 220V or 380V power supply, starting a common alternating current motor configured for the vehicle, quickly winding up a spring through mechanical speed change, and then repeating the step 1 and the step 2 to charge the vehicle;

and 4, when the vehicle is parked for a long time, as long as a 220V or 380V power supply is provided, the charging system can automatically fully charge all the batteries and finally wind up the spring of the mechanical kinetic energy system.

According to one aspect of the invention, the management of the battery module is perfected under the management of the redundancy scheme, and the power of the whole battery module is adjusted to the minimum usage amount according to the specific driving condition of the vehicle.

According to one aspect of the invention, the clockwork is wound up in an already configured manual manner during extreme environmental conditions.

According to an aspect of the present invention, charging of the entire battery module of the electric vehicle is not required to be limited by the quick charging performance of the battery, the charging post, and a large current.

Has the advantages that: the invention realizes breaking of various limits of the quick charging performance of the battery, the charging pile and the large current on the battery pack, approaches the time required by the fuel vehicle for refueling, ensures that the electric vehicle achieves the same state as the fuel vehicle, steps on long-distance driving without simply pursuing the endurance mileage of full charge, improves the management of the battery pack by the redundant power supply system, reduces the cost and improves the safety.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a redundant power supply system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging circuit for the redundant power supply system of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, an optimized power source of an electric vehicle is composed of a redundant power supply system and a spring power energy storage system, which are mutually supplemented.

As shown in fig. 2, the redundant power supply system further includes a charging circuit, which includes a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a potentiometer RV1, a potentiometer RV2, a rectifier bridge BR1, a diode D1, a diode D2, a light emitting diode D3, a light emitting diode D4, a diode D5, a diode D6, a voltage regulator integrated circuit U1, and an operational amplifier U2: A. operational amplifier U2: B. a transistor Q1 and a battery BAT1, wherein one end of the capacitor C1 and one end of the resistor R1 are both connected to an input voltage, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R1 and the 2 nd pin of the rectifier bridge BR1, the 3 rd pin of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected to the input voltage, the 1 st pin of the rectifier bridge BR1 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C2, the 2 nd pin of the regulator ic U1, one end of the resistor R3, the negative electrode of the diode D2, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode D4, one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R8, the 2 nd pin of the potentiometer RV2 and the negative electrode of the battery BAT1, the 4 th pin BR1 is respectively connected to the other end of the capacitor C2, the 3 rd pin of the regulator ic 1 and the positive electrode of the diode D1, the 4 th pin of the regulator ic 1 is connected to the potential pin 863 of the regulator ic 1, a 1 st pin of the potentiometer RV1 is connected to one end of the resistor R2, a 2 nd pin of the potentiometer RV1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R3, cathodes of the diode D1 are connected to the other end of the resistor R2, one end of the resistor R4, one end of the resistor R5, one end of the resistor R7, an anode of the diode D5, and one end of the resistor R11, respectively, and the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to an anode of the diode D2, the operational amplifier U2: a inverting input terminal of a, the operational amplifier U2: the non-inverting input end of A is connected with the 3 rd pin of the potentiometer RV2, the 1 st pin of the potentiometer RV2 is connected with one end of the resistor R13, and the operational amplifier U2: the output end of A is respectively connected with the cathode of the light emitting diode D3, one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R9 and the operational amplifier U2: b, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the anode of the led D3, the anode of the led D4 is connected to the other end of the resistor R6, and the operational amplifier U2: b is connected to the other end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R8, and one end of the resistor R10, respectively, and the operational amplifier U2: the output end of B is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R10 and one end of the resistor R12, the negative electrode of the diode D5 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D6, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q1, the base of the triode Q1 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R12 and the negative electrode of the diode D6, and the collector of the triode Q1 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R13 and the positive electrode of the battery BAT 1.

When charging is started, the power supply voltage is reduced through the capacitor C1, the bridge rectification of the rectifier bridge BR1 and the filtering of the capacitor C2, and a direct-current voltage is output and passes through the diode D1. The magnitude of the charging current and the voltage are determined by adjusting the potentiometer RV 1. The voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1 is a voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit TL431, and the TL431 has high stability, good switching characteristic and capability of outputting larger current. When the fixed voltage of the 1 st pin of the regulator integrated circuit U1 and the 2 nd pin of the regulator integrated circuit U1 reaches the rated voltage of the battery voltage reached by the voltage dividing circuit, the 3 rd pin of the regulator integrated circuit U1 is turned on, and the charging current is shunted, and at this time, the voltage between the 2 nd pin of the regulator integrated circuit U1 and the 3 rd pin of the regulator integrated circuit U1 is maintained at the full-charge voltage lower than the rated voltage. If the battery voltage is lower than the full charge voltage, the regulator ic U1 turns off again and the circuit begins to enter the charging state again. By using the voltage stabilizing integrated circuit U1 with the switching characteristic, the charging circuit can be ensured not to exceed the load, and the service life of the charging circuit is prolonged. The operational amplifier U2: a and peripheral circuits form a comparator, and the operational amplifier U2: b and the peripheral circuit form a rectangular wave generator, and the triode Q1 and the peripheral circuit form a constant current source. When the battery is in a charging state, the voltage across the battery is very low, and the operational amplifier U2: a output low, the operational amplifier U2: b, oscillating, outputting a rectangular wave, outputting the rectangular wave through the triode Q1, and performing pulse constant current charging on the battery. When the voltage across the battery reaches a predetermined value, the operational amplifier U2: a outputs high, the operational amplifier U2: b stops oscillating and outputs high level, the triode Q1 is cut off, and charging is stopped. The light emitting diode D3 is a charging indicator light, and the light emitting diode D4 is a charging stop indicator light. The potentiometer RV2 is adjusted to set the voltage across the battery when charging is stopped.

A working method of a power source of an electric vehicle comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps that step 1, a vehicle starts to run under the condition that a battery pack is fully charged, the redundant power supply system divides the whole battery pack into a plurality of battery modules according to the total power of the battery pack designed by the vehicle on the basis of meeting the rated current of a motor, the power of each battery module supports the independent meeting of the rated current of the motor, each battery module is provided with an independent battery management system, and then a central management system manages all the battery modules.

N groups of lithium iron phosphate or ternary system battery packs which are formed by connecting N single flexible package batteries in series and meet the terminal voltage are combined into a complete system. The N groups of battery management systems carry out double protection on hardware and software of overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent and temperature, independently control each group of battery modules, monitor and protect each battery in real time, and monitor and feed back the battery state, including voltage, current, temperature and capacity. The N independent battery management systems are uniformly controlled and distributed by the central management system, work independently and do not affect each other, all battery modules are controlled to discharge simultaneously, abnormal battery modules are isolated and replaced by other battery modules, normal work of the system is guaranteed, states of the battery modules are recorded and reported, and the safety and stability of the whole system are guaranteed. In the whole battery pack system, each battery module supports hot plugging, and only the failed battery pack needs to be replaced, so that offline is avoided. During vehicle running, the central management system intelligently manages independent and uninterrupted switching operation of each battery module.

The method comprises the steps that firstly, one group of battery modules drives a vehicle motor to start running, when the first group of battery modules reaches the voltage lower limit, the other group of battery modules is automatically switched to be used as the vehicle for running, meanwhile, a spring power energy storage system releases kinetic energy, a spring device is arranged on a common motor, the spring kinetic energy is released in a pendulum mode to drive a direct current generator, mechanical kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to charge the discharged battery modules, and charging current is automatically set according to actual use conditions.

And 2, when the mechanical kinetic energy of the clockwork spring is completely released, the central management system prompts the vehicle that the clockwork spring needs to be wound on the mechanical kinetic energy system.

And 3, charging the vehicle, namely, the battery pack is not charged by a charging pile in the conventional pure electric vehicle, but only a 220V or 380V power supply is needed to be provided, a common alternating current motor is started, a clockwork is wound by the motor through mechanical speed change, and then the step 1 and the step 2 are repeated to charge the vehicle. The quick charging performance of the battery, the charging pile and various limits of large current on the battery pack are broken, the charging time is close to the time required by oiling of the fuel vehicle, and the electric vehicle can drive for a long distance like the fuel vehicle without simply pursuing the endurance mileage of full charge.

And 4, when the vehicle is parked for a long time, as long as a 220V or 380V power supply is provided, the charging system can automatically fully charge all the batteries and finally wind up the spring of the mechanical kinetic energy system.

In a further embodiment, the redundant power supply system is further configured to complete management of the battery pack, and adjust the power of the entire battery pack to a minimum usage amount according to a specific driving condition of the vehicle. The cost is reduced, and the safety is also improved.

In a further embodiment, the clockwork is wound by a manual means already provided, in extreme environmental conditions.

In a further embodiment, the charging of the entire battery module of the electric vehicle is not limited by the quick charging performance of the battery, the charging pile and the large current.

In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: the electric vehicle can achieve the aims of breaking the quick charging performance of the battery, charging the electric pile and various limits of large current on the battery pack, approaching the time required by the fuel vehicle to refuel, enabling the electric vehicle to achieve the aim of stepping on long-distance driving without simply pursuing the endurance mileage of full charge like the fuel vehicle, improving the management of the battery pack by the redundant power supply system, reducing the cost and improving the safety.

It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.