阅读说明：本技术 一种断面式堤防水平位移监测变形量的转换方法 (Conversion method for monitoring deformation of horizontal displacement of section type dike ) 是由 石银涛 赵钢 王茂枚 徐毅 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种断面式堤防水平位移监测变形量的转换方法,属于水利工程管理及变形监测领域,其主要用于解决在测定监测点的多期坐标后,如何将监测变形量转换为垂直/平行堤防轴线方向的变形量的问题；针对这种问题,本发明根据变形方向、断面方向、堤防轴线方向之间的关系,设计了一种断面式堤防水平位移监测变形量的转换方法,可以将监测变形量精确地转换为垂直/平行堤防轴线方向的变形量,并表明变形的方向。同时,本发明不仅适用于断面式堤防水平位移的变形监测工作,且可以应用于GPS变形监测系统、测量机器人监测系统等。(The invention provides a conversion method for horizontal displacement monitoring deformation of a section type dike, which belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering management and deformation monitoring and is mainly used for solving the problem of how to convert the monitoring deformation into the deformation in the direction vertical to/parallel to the axis of the dike after measuring the multi-phase coordinates of a monitoring point; aiming at the problems, the invention designs a conversion method for monitoring the deformation amount of the horizontal displacement of the section type dike according to the relation among the deformation direction, the section direction and the axis direction of the dike, can accurately convert the monitored deformation amount into the deformation amount in the vertical/parallel axis direction of the dike, and indicates the deformation direction. Meanwhile, the invention is not only suitable for the deformation monitoring work of the horizontal displacement of the section type embankment, but also can be applied to a GPS deformation monitoring system, a measuring robot monitoring system and the like.)

1. A conversion method for monitoring deformation of a section-type embankment by horizontal displacement is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, laying section monitoring points and acquiring monitoring point coordinates: laying monitoring sections in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the dike, laying monitoring points on each section, and simultaneously acquiring the coordinates (N) of each monitoring point_i，E_i)，i is 1, 2, …, n, wherein i is the station number;

and 2, fitting a monitoring section direction line vertical to the axis of the dike by using a least square method: y is ax + b, wherein x is the coordinate value of the E (east) direction of the monitoring point, y is the coordinate value of the N (north) direction, and the straight line direction is specified to be directed from the backwater side to the water-facing side;

step 3, calculating an azimuth angle A of a direction line of the monitored section from the backwater side to the water-facing side_stdAnd defining it as a standard azimuth;

step 4, calculating the deformation of each monitoring point in the current period: is (N)_{This stage}，E_{This stage}) The current monitoring coordinate value of the monitoring point (N)_{In the early stage}，E_{In the early stage}) The former monitoring coordinate of the monitoring point is (dN, dE) the deformation of the monitoring point, so that dN is equal to N_{This stage}-N_{In the early stage}，dE＝E_{This stage}-E_{In the early stage}。

Step 5, calculating the azimuth A of the current variable quantity by using the deformation quantity (dN, dE)_ne；

Step 6, calculating the axial azimuth angle A pointing to the downstream in the upstream of the river_axis；

Step 7, calculating a standard azimuth angle A_stdAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neAngle β;

step 8, calculating an axis azimuth angle A_axisAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neThe included angle gamma of;

and 9, calculating the absolute deformation in the direction of the vertical/parallel dykes axis: calculating the total dS of the change in the current period by using the variable quantity (dN, dE) in the current period,

using a standard azimuth angle A_stdAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neThe included angle β decomposes the total amount of change into a change dv in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the bank and a change dh in the direction parallel to the bank,

step 10, calculating an adjusting coefficient v according to the included angle β calculated in the step 7₀The coefficient is used for marking the deformation direction of the vertical dyke axial direction, and the deviation to the water-facing side is positive, the deviation to the back water side is negative, if β is more than pi/2, v is₀1, otherwise, v₀＝1；

Step 11, calculating an adjusting coefficient h according to the included angle gamma calculated in the step 8₀: this coefficient is used to mark the direction of deformation parallel to the axis of the dykes and specifies a positive downstream offset and a negative upstream offset, h being h if γ > π/2₀Not, h₀＝1；

Step 12, calculating the real variation (dV, dH) in the vertical/parallel dyke axis direction, the calculation method is shown in formula (5):

in the formula, dV is the deformation in the direction vertical to the axis of the dike, and the positive value and the negative value of dV respectively indicate the deviation towards the water facing side and the water backing side; dH is the amount of deformation in the direction parallel to the axis of the bank, and positive and negative values indicate downstream and upstream deviations, respectively.

2. The method for converting horizontal displacement monitoring deformation of a sectional type embankment according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, four monitoring points are arranged on each section, and coordinates (N) of each monitoring point are obtained by using a theodolite, a total station or GNSS measuring equipment_i，E_i) I is 1, 2, …, n, where i is the station number.

3. The method for converting horizontal displacement monitoring deformation of a sectional-type embankment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the standard azimuth angle A is defined as_stdThe calculation method is determined by the fitting formula y ═ ax + b, and is shown in formula (1):

4. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, the azimuth angle A of the current variation is_neThe calculation method of (2) is shown as the following formula:

5. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 6, the standard azimuth angle A is used_stdFor reference, if the river flows to A_stdOn the left side of (A)_axis＝A_std-pi/2; if the river is flowing to A_stdTo the right of (A)_axis＝A_std+ π/2. If A is_axisIf the value is less than 0, adding 2 pi to the value to obtain a true value; if A is_axisIf the value is larger than 2 pi, subtracting 2 pi to be used as a true value.

6. The method for converting a horizontal displacement monitoring deformation of a sectional-type embankment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 7, let A be_max＝max{A_std，A_ne}，A_min＝min{A_std，A_neThen β ═ a_max-A_minIf β > pi, then β -2 pi-a is taken_max+A_min。

7. The method for converting a sectional-type embankment horizontal displacement monitoring deformation according to claim 1, wherein in step 8, let A be_max＝max{A_axis，A_ne}，A_min＝min{A_axis，A_neIs then gamma is equal to A_max-A_minIf gamma > pi, then take gamma-2 pi-A_max+A_min。

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering management and deformation monitoring, and relates to a conversion method for monitoring deformation of a horizontal displacement of a section-type embankment.

Background

The safety of the embankment project is the key for guaranteeing river flood control and disaster reduction, and if potential safety hazards exist in the embankment project or operation management personnel do not know the safety state of the dam, the operation risk of the embankment is high, and the normal benefit of the embankment cannot be brought into play. Therefore, it is very important to enhance the deformation monitoring of the embankment engineering.

The embankment can generate different deformation under the load effects of dead weight, water pressure, uplift pressure, ice pressure, sediment deposition pressure, temperature and the like. The deformation monitoring is the most direct monitoring of the dike, is important content for knowing the working state of the dike, and is the simplest method for judging whether the dike is safe or not. The monitoring of the deformation of the dike mainly comprises a plurality of aspects such as surface deformation, internal deformation, cracks, seams, bank slope displacement and the like, and the horizontal displacement deformation of the dike is the most direct reflection of the deformation of the dike and is also the deformation index which is mainly monitored generally. The horizontal displacement deformation of the dikes mainly comprises two parts of transverse displacement in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the dikes and longitudinal displacement in the direction parallel to the axis of the dikes.

For the horizontal displacement deformation monitoring of the dike, the deformation amount of the dike in the vertical/parallel axis direction can be obtained by means of professional measuring methods such as a collimation line method, a tension line method, a plumb line method, a laser collimation method and the like, but the methods have specific application conditions, such as being applicable to linear dikes, so that in the actual monitoring work, the deformation amount is analyzed by a certain conversion method through measuring the coordinates of a monitoring point.

At present, in the work of monitoring horizontal displacement and deformation of the earth surface of the dike, a certain monitoring point is usually buried in the earth surface of the dike, and the horizontal displacement change of the dike is analyzed by observing the change of the monitoring point. Coordinates (N, E) of a monitoring point are mainly acquired by measuring equipment such as a theodolite, a total station and a GNSS, and deformation (dN, dE) of the monitoring point is calculated through a plurality of periods of coordinate difference values (N, E). The deformation amount (dN, dE) calculated in this way refers to the axial variation amount of the monitoring point in the control coordinate system, and not the variation amount of interest in the bank safety management because of the variation amount of interest in the vertical/parallel bank axial direction in the bank safety evaluation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of how to convert the monitored deformation into the deformation in the direction vertical to/parallel to the axis of the dike; aiming at the problems, the invention designs a conversion method for monitoring the deformation amount of the horizontal displacement of the section type dike according to the relation among the deformation direction, the section direction and the axis direction of the dike, can accurately convert the monitored deformation amount into the deformation amount in the vertical/parallel axis direction of the dike, and indicates the deformation direction.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a conversion method for monitoring deformation of a section-type embankment by horizontal displacement comprises the following steps:

step 1, laying section monitoring points and acquiring monitoring point coordinates: laying monitoring sections in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the dike, laying monitoring points on each section, and simultaneously acquiring the coordinates (N) of each monitoring point_i，E_i) I is 1, 2, …, n, wherein i is the station number;

and 2, fitting a monitoring section direction line vertical to the axis of the dike by using a least square method: y is ax + b, wherein x is the coordinate value of the E (east) direction of the monitoring point, y is the coordinate value of the N (north) direction, and the straight line direction is specified to be directed from the backwater side to the water-facing side;

step 3, calculating an azimuth angle A of a direction line of the monitored section from the backwater side to the water-facing side_stdAnd defining it as a standard azimuth;

step 4, calculating the deformation of each monitoring point in the current period: is (N)_{This stage}，E_{This stage}) The current monitoring coordinate value of the monitoring point (N)_{In the early stage}，E_{In the early stage}) The former monitoring coordinate of the monitoring point is (dN, dE) the deformation of the monitoring point, so that dN is equal to N_{This stage}-N_{In the early stage}，dE＝E_{This stage}-E_{In the early stage}。

Step 5, calculating the azimuth A of the current variable quantity by using the deformation quantity (dN, dE)_ne；

Step 6, calculating the axial azimuth angle A pointing to the downstream in the upstream of the river_axis；

Step 7, calculating a standard azimuth angle A_stdAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neAngle β;

step 8, calculating an axis azimuth angle A_axisAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neThe included angle gamma of;

and 9, calculating the absolute deformation in the direction of the vertical/parallel dykes axis: calculating the total dS of the change in the current period by using the variable quantity (dN, dE) in the current period,

using a standard azimuth angle A_stdAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neThe included angle β decomposes the total amount of change into a change dv in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the bank and a change dh in the direction parallel to the bank,

step 10, calculating an adjusting coefficient v according to the included angle β calculated in the step 7₀The coefficient is used for marking the deformation direction of the vertical dyke axial direction, and the deviation to the water-facing side is positive, the deviation to the back water side is negative, if β is more than pi/2, v is₀1, otherwise, v₀＝1；

Step 11, calculating an adjusting coefficient h according to the included angle gamma calculated in the step 8₀: this coefficient is used to mark the direction of deformation parallel to the axis of the dykes and specifies a positive downstream offset and a negative upstream offset, h being h if γ > π/2₀Not, h₀＝1；

Step 12, calculating the real variation (dV, dH) in the vertical/parallel dyke axis direction, the calculation method is shown in formula (5):

in the formula, dV is the deformation in the direction vertical to the axis of the dike, and the positive value and the negative value of dV respectively indicate the deviation towards the water facing side and the water backing side; dH is the amount of deformation in the direction parallel to the axis of the bank, and positive and negative values indicate downstream and upstream deviations, respectively.

As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, four monitoring points are distributed on each section, and coordinates (N) of each monitoring point are obtained by using a theodolite, a total station, or a GNSS measurement device_i，E_i) I is 1, 2, …, n, where i is the station number.

As a further preferable mode of the present invention, in the step 3, the standard azimuth angle a_stdThe calculation method is determined by the fitting formula y ═ ax + b, and is shown in formula (1):

in a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 5, the azimuth angle a of the current period variation amount_neThe calculation method of (2) is shown as the following formula:

as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the step 6, the standard azimuth angle a is used_stdFor reference, if the river flows to A_stdOn the left side of (A)_axis＝A_std-pi/2; if the river is flowing to A_stdTo the right of (A)_axis＝A_std+ π/2. If A is_axisIf the value is less than 0, adding 2 pi to the value to obtain a true value; if A is_axisIf the value is larger than 2 pi, subtracting 2 pi to be used as a true value.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 7, A is defined_max＝max{A_std，A_ne}，A_min＝min{A_std，A_neThen β ═ a_max-A_minIf β > pi, then β -2 pi-a is taken_max+A_min。

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 8, A is defined_max＝max{A_axis，A_ne}，A_min＝min{A_axis，A_neIs then gamma is equal to A_max-A_minIf gamma > pi, then take gamma-2 pi-A_max+A_min。

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method solves the problem that the horizontal displacement deformation monitoring amount of the dike is converted into the deformation amount in the direction vertical to/parallel to the axis of the dike, not only can realize the automatic conversion of the deformation amount, but also has higher resolving precision.

Meanwhile, the invention is not only suitable for the deformation monitoring work of the horizontal displacement of the section type embankment, but also can be applied to a GPS deformation monitoring system, a measuring robot monitoring system and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a monitoring section.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the buried position of a monitoring point.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of deformation decomposition conversion.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-4, a method for converting horizontal displacement monitoring deformation of a cross-sectional type embankment includes the following steps:

step 1: and (4) laying monitoring points of the section and acquiring coordinates of the monitoring points. Monitoring sections are arranged in the direction vertical to the axis of the dike, four monitoring points are arranged on each section strand, and the coordinates (N) of the sections are obtained by using measuring equipment such as a theodolite, a total station and a GNSS (global navigation satellite system)_i，E_i) I is 1, 2, …, n, where i is the station number.

Step 2: and fitting a monitoring section direction line y perpendicular to the axis of the dike by using a least square method, wherein x is an E (east) direction coordinate value of a monitoring point, y is an N (north) direction coordinate value, and the straight line direction is specified to be directed from the backwater side to the water-facing side.

And step 3: monitoring azimuth angle A of section direction line from backwater side to water-facing side_stdAnd calculating and defining the standard azimuth angle. Standard azimuth angle A_stdThe method is mainly determined by a fitting formula y ═ ax + b, and the calculation method is shown in a formula (1).

And 4, step 4: and calculating the deformation of each monitoring point in the current period. Is (N)_{This stage}，E_{This stage}) The current monitoring coordinate value of the monitoring point (N)_{In the early stage}，E_{In the early stage}) The former monitoring coordinate of the monitoring point is (dN, dE) the deformation of the monitoring point, so that dN is equal to N_{This stage}-N_{In the early stage}，dE＝E_{This stage}-E_{In the early stage}。

And 5: calculating the azimuth angle A of the current variation by using the deformation (dN, dE)_neThe calculation method is shown as formula (2).

Step 6: axial azimuth angle A pointing downstream in upstream of river_axisAnd (4) calculating. At a standard azimuth angle A_stdFor reference, if the river flows to A_stdOn the left side of (A)_axis＝A_std-pi/2; if the river is flowing to A_stdTo the right of (A)_axis＝A_std+ π/2. If A is_axisIf the value is less than 0, adding 2 pi to the value to obtain a true value; if A is_axisIf the value is larger than 2 pi, subtracting 2 pi to be used as a true value.

And 7: standard azimuth angle A_stdAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neIs calculated from angle β, let A_max＝max{A_std，A_ne}，A_min＝min{A_std，A_neThen β ═ a_max-A_minIf β > pi, then β -2 pi-a is taken_max+A_min。

And 8: axis azimuth angle A_axisAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neThe included angle gamma of (d) is calculated. Let A_max＝max{A_axis，A_ne}，A_min＝min{A_axis，A_neIs then gamma is equal to A_max-A_min. If gamma is greater than pi, taking gamma as 2 pi-A_max+A_min。

And step 9: and calculating the absolute deformation amount in the vertical/parallel embankment axis direction. Calculating the total dS of the change in the current period by using the variable quantity (dN, dE) in the current period,

using a standard azimuth angle A_stdAzimuth angle A corresponding to the current period variation_neThe angle β decomposes the total amount of change into a change dv in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the bank and a change dh in the direction parallel to the bank.

Step 10, calculating an adjusting coefficient v according to the included angle β calculated in the step 7₀The coefficient is used to mark the direction of deformation in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the bank and specifies that the deviation to the water-facing side is positive and the deviation to the water-back side is negative, if β > π/2, v is₀1, otherwise, v₀＝1。

Step 11: calculating an adjusting coefficient h according to the included angle gamma calculated in the step 8₀The coefficient is used to mark the direction of deformation in the direction parallel to the axis of the bank, and is defined as positive for downstream offset and negative for upstream offset. If γ > π/2, then h₀Not, h₀＝1。

Step 12: calculating the real variation (dV, dH) of the vertical/parallel dyke axial direction, wherein the calculation method is shown as a formula (5),

in the formula, dV is the deformation in the direction vertical to the axis of the dike, and the positive value and the negative value of dV respectively indicate the deviation towards the water facing side and the water backing side; dH is the amount of deformation in the direction parallel to the axis of the bank, and positive and negative values indicate downstream and upstream deviations, respectively.

The following is a further explanation based on the above method with reference to specific examples.

(1) And taking an embankment at a certain section of the Yangtze river as an example, laying monitoring points, and carrying out multi-stage observation on the monitoring points.

(2) And (3) fitting the section direction line y ═ ax + b by using least square according to the method in the step 2, wherein x is an E coordinate value, and y is an N coordinate value.

x＝[30.1535，35.9077，42.6374，49.4838]

y＝[723.9518，723.1785，721.9217，721.3935]

As can be seen, y ═ ax + b ═ 0.13756x + 728.051.

(3) Calculating the azimuth A of the section direction line according to the method of the step 3 and the step 6_stdAnd axis azimuth angle A_axis。

A_std＝π-tan^-11/0.13756| ═ 3.0049 (radian)

A_axis＝A_std+ pi/2 ═ 4.5757 (radian)

(4) Calculating the current NE direction deformation (dN, dE), the total deformation dS and the azimuth A of each monitoring point according to the method of the step 4 and the step 5_ne。

(5) Calculating the azimuth angle A according to the method of step 7 and step 8_stdAnd azimuth angle A_neAngle β, azimuth A_axisAnd azimuth angle A_neThe angle of inclusion gamma.

(6) And calculating the absolute variation dv and dh in the directions of the vertical and parallel embankment axes according to the method of step 9.

(7) Calculating the deformation regulating coefficients v in the directions vertical to and parallel to the axis of the dike according to the method of the step 10 and the step 11₀And h₀。

(8) And (4) calculating the real changes dV and dH of the monitoring points in the directions vertical to and parallel to the axis of the dike according to the method in the step 12.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent substitution methods fall within the scope of the present invention.

The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.